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1. Science 20 > B: Physics = Changes in Motion 1.9 Newton's First Law of Motion > Flashcards

B: Physics = Changes in Motion 1.9 Newton's First Law of Motion Flashcards

1
Q

What must be overcome to push a vehicle on a level section of road?

A

The vehicle’s rolling resistance

Rolling resistance includes friction within the vehicle’s drive train and the flexing of tires.

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2
Q

What is the main force opposing the motion of a vehicle at low speeds?

A

Rolling resistance

At low speeds, rolling resistance is the primary force that opposes vehicle motion.

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3
Q

What is the undesirable frictional effect encountered by vehicles at higher speeds?

A

Air resistance

Air resistance is also known as drag force or fluid friction.

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4
Q

How does the shape of a vehicle affect air resistance?

A

Automotive designers aim for aerodynamic shapes to minimize air resistance

Aerodynamics plays a crucial role in vehicle design to reduce the drag force.

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5
Q

What are the two types of resistance that can be collectively referred to as the force of friction when brakes are not engaged?

A

Rolling resistance and air resistance

This occurs when a vehicle is speeding up or traveling with a constant velocity.

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6
Q

True or False: Frictional forces are always undesirable in vehicle motion.

A

False

Frictional forces are desirable for braking but undesirable when pushing or accelerating.

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: The force of _______ is the main force that opposes the motion of a vehicle at highway speeds.

A

air resistance

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8
Q

What happens to the effort required to keep vehicle wheels turning once they start to turn?

A

It takes effort to keep them turning due to tire flexing

The change in tire shape as they roll contributes to the resistance felt.

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9
Q

What does Newton’s second law explain regarding vehicles?

A

It explains what happens when a vehicle increases its velocity.

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10
Q

What additional force must be considered when a vehicle speeds up?

A

The force generated by the vehicle’s engine.

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11
Q

What is the force called that is intended to make the vehicle move?

A

Applied force.

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12
Q

What is the net force a result of?

A

The vector sum of the applied force and the force of friction.

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13
Q

What will the next activity demonstrate about forces?

A

It will demonstrate how the combination of forces can be used to cause an object to speed up.

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is an external force applied on an object.

A

applied force

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15
Q

True or False: The force of friction is the only force acting on a vehicle when it speeds up.

A

False

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16
Q

What does Newton’s second law explain regarding vehicles?

A

It explains what happens when a vehicle increases its velocity.

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17
Q

What additional force must be considered when a vehicle speeds up?

A

The force generated by the vehicle’s engine.

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18
Q

What is the force called that is intended to make the vehicle move?

A

Applied force.

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19
Q

What is the net force a result of?

A

The vector sum of the applied force and the force of friction.

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20
Q

What will the next activity demonstrate about forces?

A

It will demonstrate how the combination of forces can be used to cause an object to speed up.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is an external force applied on an object.

A

applied force

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22
Q

True or False: The force of friction is the only force acting on a vehicle when it speeds up.

A

False

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23
Q

What is Newton’s first law of motion?

A

A law stating that in the absence of a net force, an object in motion will tend to maintain its velocity, and an object at rest will tend to remain at rest.

This law explains the behavior of objects when no external forces are acting upon them.

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24
Q

How does Newton’s first law apply to a space probe like Voyager 2?

A

It requires no engines to continue its journey beyond the solar system because there are practically no forces acting on it.

In deep space, the probe maintains its velocity due to the absence of forces slowing it down or speeding it up.

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25
Q

When was Voyager 2 launched?

A

Voyager 2 is a space probe that has been transmitting information back to Earth.

26
Q

Until what year will Voyager 2 continue to transmit information back to Earth?

A

This is when its nuclear generators will no longer be able to supply adequate electrical energy.

27
Q

True or False: An object in motion will eventually stop if no external forces are acting on it.

A

False.

According to Newton’s first law, an object in motion will maintain its velocity unless acted upon by a net force.

28
Q

Fill in the blank: Newton’s first law explains that an object at rest will tend to remain at _______.

A

rest.

This is part of the definition of Newton’s first law of motion.

29
Q

What is Newton’s first law of motion?

A

A law stating that in the absence of a net force, an object in motion will tend to maintain its velocity, and an object at rest will tend to remain at rest.

This law explains the behavior of objects when no external forces are acting upon them.

30
Q

How does Newton’s first law apply to a space probe like Voyager 2?

A

It requires no engines to continue its journey beyond the solar system because there are practically no forces acting on it.

In deep space, the probe maintains its velocity due to the absence of forces slowing it down or speeding it up.

31
Q

When was Voyager 2 launched?

A

Voyager 2 is a space probe that has been transmitting information back to Earth.

32
Q

Until what year will Voyager 2 continue to transmit information back to Earth?

A

This is when its nuclear generators will no longer be able to supply adequate electrical energy.

33
Q

True or False: An object in motion will eventually stop if no external forces are acting on it.

A

False.

According to Newton’s first law, an object in motion will maintain its velocity unless acted upon by a net force.

34
Q

Fill in the blank: Newton’s first law explains that an object at rest will tend to remain at _______.

A

rest.

This is part of the definition of Newton’s first law of motion.

35
Q

What is inertia?

A

The property of an object that resists changes in its motion due to its mass.

36
Q

How does mass relate to inertia?

A

The amount of inertia an object has depends upon its mass measured in kilograms.

37
Q

According to Newton’s first law of motion, what happens to an object with greater mass?

A

The greater the mass of an object, the more difficult it will be to change its state of motion.

38
Q

Inertia can be described as the resistance of an object to _______.

A

[changes in its motion]

39
Q

What is the relationship between inertia and motion?

A

Inertia provides insights into an object’s state of motion.

40
Q

True or False: An object with less mass has more inertia.

A

False

41
Q

Fill in the blank: The amount of inertia an object has is measured in _______.

A

[kilograms]

42
Q

What does a crash test dummy simulate in vehicle safety tests?

A

The behavior of a passenger in the event of a crash.

43
Q

What is inertia?

A

The property of an object that resists changes in its motion due to its mass.

44
Q

How does mass relate to inertia?

A

The amount of inertia an object has depends upon its mass measured in kilograms.

45
Q

According to Newton’s first law of motion, what happens to an object with greater mass?

A

The greater the mass of an object, the more difficult it will be to change its state of motion.

46
Q

Inertia can be described as the resistance of an object to _______.

A

[changes in its motion]

47
Q

What is the relationship between inertia and motion?

A

Inertia provides insights into an object’s state of motion.

48
Q

True or False: An object with less mass has more inertia.

A

False

49
Q

Fill in the blank: The amount of inertia an object has is measured in _______.

A

[kilograms]

50
Q

What does a crash test dummy simulate in vehicle safety tests?

A

The behavior of a passenger in the event of a crash.

51
Q

What is the net force?

A

The vector sum of all the forces acting on an object.

52
Q

In the context of a vehicle moving on a road, what forces contribute to the net force?

A

The forces provided by the engine to move it forward and the resistive forces such as rolling resistance and air resistance.

53
Q

What collectively refers to the resistive forces acting on a vehicle?

A

The force of friction.

54
Q

What does Newton’s second law require for calculating net force?

A

A calculation to determine the net force.

55
Q

What happens when the forces on an object are balanced?

A

The net force is zero.

56
Q

What does it mean if the net force is zero according to Newton’s second law?

A

The acceleration must also be zero.

57
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

An object in motion will maintain its velocity and an object at rest will remain at rest when there is no net force.

58
Q

What is another name for Newton’s first law?

A

The law of inertia.

59
Q

What is inertia?

A

The property of an object to resist changes in its state of motion.

60
Q

Fill in the blank: The net force is the _______ of all the forces acting on an object.

A

vector sum

61
Q

True or False: If an object has a net force of zero, it cannot accelerate.

A

True

1. Science 20 (52 decks)

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