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1. Science 20 > A: Chemistry = Chemical Changes 1.4 Solutions and Concentrations > Flashcards

A: Chemistry = Chemical Changes 1.4 Solutions and Concentrations Flashcards

1
Q

What is a solution?

A

A solute dissolved in a solvent.

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2
Q

What are some common examples of commercial solutions?

A
  • Beverages
  • Medicines
  • Household cleaners
  • Hair-care products
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3
Q

What can changing the ratio of solute to solvent in a solution do?

A

Dramatically change the properties of the solution.

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4
Q

What is the concentration of acetic acid in vinegar commonly used in cooking?

A

5% solution of acetic acid.

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5
Q

True or False: A concentrated solution of acetic acid is safe for consumption.

A

False.

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6
Q

Why are there regulations about the proper labeling of products?

A

To keep consumers safe.

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: The ratio of solute to solvent is often noted on the product’s _______.

A

label.

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8
Q

What are polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)?

A

PCBs are pollutants that can be present in water and fish.

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9
Q

Where can PCBs be found?

A

In water and fish living in water polluted with PCBs.

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10
Q

What is the maximum concentration of PCBs allowed in fish according to Canada’s health guidelines?

A

2 parts per million (ppm).

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the PCB concentration guideline in fish?

A

To ensure that the fish you eat will not harm you.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The maximum concentration allowed by Canada’s health guidelines regarding the level of PCBs in fish is _______.

A

2 parts per million (ppm).

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13
Q

What is the definition of concentration in a solution?

A

The ratio of the quantity of solute to the quantity of solution

Concentration describes how much solute is present in a given volume of solution.

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14
Q

What is a concentrated solution?

A

A solution containing a high ratio of solute to solution

Concentrated solutions have more solute compared to the volume of solvent.

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15
Q

What is a dilute solution?

A

A solution containing a low ratio of solute to solution

Dilute solutions have less solute in a given volume of solvent.

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16
Q

True or False: A solution with more solute than another solution of the same volume is considered more concentrated.

A

True

This indicates that the amount of solute is greater in comparison to the solvent.

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17
Q

What is the concept of concentration?

A

A measure of how much solute is present in a solution or mixture

Concentration is encountered in everyday situations such as buying products or assessing water quality.

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18
Q

Why is understanding concentration important?

A

It helps answer questions about solute amounts, safety limits, safety concerns, and cost-effective product purchasing

Understanding concentration aids in interpreting product information and making informed decisions.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: Concentration is important for determining _______.

A

[solute amounts]

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20
Q

What types of questions can understanding concentration help you explore?

A

It helps explore questions about:
* Solute amounts in products
* Safe limits for chemicals
* Safety concerns with high concentrations
* Cost savings from buying concentrated solutions

These questions are relevant in both daily life and scientific contexts.

21
Q

True or False: Concentration is only relevant in scientific contexts.

A

False

Concentration is relevant in everyday activities such as shopping and health assessments.

22
Q

What are qualitative properties of solutions?

A

Qualitative properties of solutions are characteristics that can be observed without measuring quantities, such as colour, taste, and odour.

23
Q

How can you distinguish between concentrated and dilute juice?

A

You can distinguish between concentrated and dilute juice by tasting, observing differences in colour, and noticing consistency.

24
Q

Fill in the blank: You can get a lot of information about a substance simply by observing its _______.

A

physical properties

25
Q

True or False: Qualitative properties require quantitative measurements to be understood.

A

False

26
Q

List some examples of qualitative properties.

A
  • Colour
  • Taste
  • Odour
27
Q

What is one method to compare the concentration of two solutions?

A

Compare how the two different solutions conduct electricity

This involves placing two electrodes into a solution and measuring the ease of electrical current passage.

28
Q

How does the concentration of a solution affect its ability to conduct electricity?

A

Solutions with higher concentrations are more effective at passing current than dilute solutions

Higher concentration solutions have more ions available to carry the electrical charge.

29
Q

Fill in the blank: Solutions with higher concentrations are ______ than dilute solutions at passing the current.

A

more effective

30
Q

What equipment can be used to measure the conductivity of a solution?

A

Two electrodes

31
Q

True or False: It is always easy to tell which solution has a higher concentration by looking at it.

A

False

32
Q

What theory explains that a chemical reaction will occur if particles collide with a certain minimum energy and orientation?

A

collision-reaction theory

This theory states that collisions between atoms, ions, and molecules are essential for chemical reactions.

33
Q

What is required for a chemical reaction to occur according to the collision-reaction theory?

A

Particles must collide with a certain minimum energy and orientation

The correct energy and orientation ensure that a chemical reaction can take place.

34
Q

What happens to particles after they collide in a chemical reaction?

A

They undergo rearrangement

This rearrangement of particles leads to the formation of new substances.

35
Q

True or False: All chemical reactions involve collisions between atoms, ions, and molecules.

A

True

Collisions are a fundamental aspect of chemical reactions as per the collision-reaction theory.

36
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ theory states that chemical reactions involve the collision and rearrangement of particles.

A

collision-reaction

This theory is crucial for understanding the dynamics of chemical reactions.

37
Q

What affects the speed of chemical reactions?

A

Concentration of solute in a solution

38
Q

How does a concentrated solution compare to a dilute solution in terms of particle availability?

A

A concentrated solution has more particles of solute available for possible collisions

39
Q

What is the relationship between the number of solute particles and the probability of collisions?

A

The probability of collisions increases as the number of solute particles within a system increases

40
Q

Reactions with concentrated solutions occur _______ compared to dilute solutions.

A

more quickly

41
Q

True or False: Reactions with dilute solutions occur at a faster rate than reactions with concentrated solutions.

A

False

42
Q

What is a key reason that reactions with dilute solutions occur at a slower rate?

A

Collisions are less probable

43
Q

What affects the speed of chemical reactions?

A

Concentration of solute in a solution

44
Q

How does a concentrated solution compare to a dilute solution in terms of particle availability?

A

A concentrated solution has more particles of solute available for possible collisions

45
Q

What is the relationship between the number of solute particles and the probability of collisions?

A

The probability of collisions increases as the number of solute particles within a system increases

46
Q

Reactions with concentrated solutions occur _______ compared to dilute solutions.

A

more quickly

47
Q

True or False: Reactions with dilute solutions occur at a faster rate than reactions with concentrated solutions.

A

False

48
Q

What is a key reason that reactions with dilute solutions occur at a slower rate?

A

Collisions are less probable

1. Science 20 (52 decks)

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