B: Physics = Changes in Motion 2.3 Impulse Flashcards
Who is the scientist associated with the laws of motion that impact roadway design?
Sir Isaac Newton
What is the purpose of roadside barriers in highway construction?
To prevent vehicles from swerving off the highway
What type of barrier is considered the sturdiest for preventing vehicles from swerving?
Concrete barrier
What two factors can affect the change in momentum?
Force and time interval
Fill in the blank: The change in momentum equals the product of _______ and the time interval.
force
True or False: A larger force must act over a larger time interval to stop an object effectively.
False
What does Newton’s second law relate to in terms of barriers and momentum?
The relationship between force, time interval, and change in momentum
What is impulse?
The product of the net force applied to an object and the time interval during which the force acts
Impulse is crucial in understanding how forces affect motion over time.
What is the formula for impulse?
impulse = F–> * Δt
Here, F represents the net force, and Δt is the time interval.
What are the units of impulse?
Ns (Newton-seconds)
Ns is equivalent to kg·m/s, the same unit as momentum.
True or False: The unit of impulse is the same as the unit of momentum.
True
Both impulse and momentum are expressed in Newton-seconds (Ns) or kg·m/s.
Fill in the blank: The product of force and time interval is known as _______.
impulse
Impulse is a key concept in physics related to the change in momentum.
What is impulse represented by?
The word impulse or the variables FAr
Impulse does not have its own symbol.
Why is impulse considered a different kind of quantity?
It does not have its own symbol
Impulse is represented by the word impulse or the variables F–>*∆t.
What can various combinations of force and time interval provide?
A specific amount of impulse
How can impulse enhance transportation safety?
By using combinations of force and time interval to minimize damage
True or False: Impulse can be used to improve the protective abilities of sports equipment.
True
Fill in the blank: Impulse is supplied by using different combinations of the _______ and time interval.
[force]
A raw egg drops to the floor. If the floor exerts a force of 9.0 N over a time interval of 0.030 s, determine the impulse required to change the egg’s momentum.
What is the force exerted by the floor on the egg?
9.0 N up
The force is considered positive because it opposes the downward motion of the egg.
A raw egg drops to the floor. If the floor exerts a force of 9.0 N over a time interval of 0.030 s, determine the impulse required to change the egg’s momentum.
What is the time interval during which the force is exerted?
0.030 s
This time interval is critical for calculating the impulse.
A raw egg drops to the floor. If the floor exerts a force of 9.0 N over a time interval of 0.030 s, determine the impulse required to change the egg’s momentum.
What is the formula to calculate impulse?
Impulse = Force × Time
Impulse is the product of the force applied and the time over which it is applied.
A raw egg drops to the floor. If the floor exerts a force of 9.0 N over a time interval of 0.030 s, determine the impulse required to change the egg’s momentum.
Calculate the impulse required to change the egg’s momentum.
0.27 N•s
The calculation is based on the force of 9.0 N and the time interval of 0.030 s.
A raw egg drops to the floor. If the floor exerts a force of 9.0 N over a time interval of 0.030 s, determine the impulse required to change the egg’s momentum.
True or False: The impulse required to change the egg’s momentum is directed downwards.
False
The impulse is directed upwards, as it opposes the downward motion of the egg.
A raw egg drops to the floor. If the floor exerts a force of 9.0 N over a time interval of 0.030 s, determine the impulse required to change the egg’s momentum.
Fill in the blank: The impulse required to change the egg’s momentum is _______.
0.27 N•s up
The direction of the impulse is important in understanding its effect on momentum.
What is the concept of impulse used to explain in crash barriers?
The design of crash barriers
Impulse is necessary to change the momentum of a vehicle from its pre-collision value to zero.
What must a crash barrier provide to change the momentum of a vehicle?
An impulse
This impulse is needed to stop the vehicle when it is traveling at highway speed.
What is the effect of a longer time interval in the context of crash barriers?
It allows for a smaller force to be exerted
A smaller force results in less injury and damage to the vehicle occupants.
How do water-filled barrels affect the stopping of a vehicle?
They stop a vehicle in a longer time interval
This results in a smaller force being exerted on the vehicle.
What is the effect of concrete barriers on the stopping of a vehicle?
They stop a vehicle in a shorter time interval
This results in a larger force being exerted, leading to more injury and damage.
Fill in the blank: A larger force acts over a _______ time interval to stop the car.
shorter
A larger force over a shorter time interval results in a more abrupt stop.
Fill in the blank: A smaller force acts over a _______ time interval to stop the car.
longer
A smaller force over a longer time interval leads to a gentler stop.
True or False: Crash barriers are designed only to keep vehicles on the road.
False
They are also designed to reduce injuries to occupants and damage to vehicles.
What happens to the forces exerted on a vehicle when a crash barrier provides impulse over a long time?
Destructive forces are kept as small as possible
This is beneficial for reducing injuries and vehicle damage.
What does Newton’s second law of motion express in the form F–> = Δp–>/Δt?
The force applied on an object and the time interval over which the force acts are factors that determine the change in momentum of an object.
What is the rearranged formula of Newton’s second law that yields impulse?
F–>Δt = Δp–>
Define impulse in the context of momentum.
Impulse is the product of the net force applied to an object and the time interval during which the force acts.
What are the two ways to determine impulse?
- Impulse = F–>Δt
- Impulse = Δp–>
p–> is momentum
True or False: Impulse is equal to the change in momentum.
True
How can the impulse-change in momentum concept be applied?
It can explain many technological safety advancements in sports equipment, automobiles, and everyday life.
Fill in the blank: The product of the force applied and the time over which the force acts yields a physical quantity called _______.
[impulse]
Explain the difference between momentum and impulse.
Momentum is the product of an object’s mass and velocity, while impulse is the change in momentum resulting from a force applied over time.
Describe the relationship between change in momentum and impulse.
Impulse is equal to the change in momentum of an object.
