A: Chemistry = Chemical Changes 3.3 Petroleum is the Source Flashcards
What is petroleum?
Liquid hydrocarbons formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient microscopic marine organisms
Petroleum is a key component in the production of plastics.
What do scientists suspect about the atoms in plastics?
They were once part of microscopic plants and animals that lived in oceans millions of years ago
This implies a historical connection between modern plastics and ancient marine life.
What is the connection between marine life from millions of years ago and plastics?
The connection is petroleum
Petroleum is derived from ancient marine organisms and is a primary ingredient in plastic production.
Fill in the blank: The atoms in any plastic item were once in the cells of ancient _______.
[micro-organisms]
True or False: The life forms in Earth’s oceans millions of years ago were similar to modern-day tropical life forms.
False
The text suggests that while both were marine life, they were different in nature.
What is petroleum?
Liquid hydrocarbons formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient microscopic marine organisms
Petroleum is a key component in the production of plastics.
What do scientists suspect about the atoms in plastics?
They were once part of microscopic plants and animals that lived in oceans millions of years ago
This implies a historical connection between modern plastics and ancient marine life.
What is the connection between marine life from millions of years ago and plastics?
The connection is petroleum
Petroleum is derived from ancient marine organisms and is a primary ingredient in plastic production.
Fill in the blank: The atoms in any plastic item were once in the cells of ancient _______.
[micro-organisms]
True or False: The life forms in Earth’s oceans millions of years ago were similar to modern-day tropical life forms.
False
The text suggests that while both were marine life, they were different in nature.
What is petroleum primarily composed of?
A large variety of hydrocarbons of different sizes
Petroleum can be thought of as a ‘soup’ of hydrocarbon molecules.
What is the process of separating petroleum into different components called?
Refining
Refining involves separating and processing petroleum into different fractions.
What is a fraction in the context of petroleum?
A group of compounds found in petroleum with similar properties and uses
Fractions are mixtures of smaller molecules derived from petroleum.
What key aspect allows a refinery to separate groups of molecules from petroleum?
The physical properties of the substances being separated
Understanding physical properties is crucial for the refining process.
Fill in the blank: The process of separating and processing petroleum into different fractions is called _______.
[refining]
True or False: Refining is a process that only purifies raw materials.
False
Refining not only purifies but also alters raw materials.
What method is used to separate iron filings from a mixture?
A magnet
Only the iron filings are attracted to the magnet.
What property is utilized to separate components of petroleum?
Unique boiling point
Each group of hydrocarbons has a distinct boiling point.
Fill in the blank: The properties of each substance such as salt, sand, iron filings, and woodchips were used to determine the methods for ______.
Separation
True or False: A magnet can be used to separate woodchips from a mixture.
False
A magnet only attracts iron filings.
What can be explored using a computer applet in the next activity?
The process of separating petroleum
This involves understanding the boiling points of hydrocarbons.
What method is used to separate iron filings from a mixture?
A magnet
Only the iron filings are attracted to the magnet.
What property is utilized to separate components of petroleum?
Unique boiling point
Each group of hydrocarbons has a distinct boiling point.
Fill in the blank: The properties of each substance such as salt, sand, iron filings, and woodchips were used to determine the methods for ______.
Separation
True or False: A magnet can be used to separate woodchips from a mixture.
False
A magnet only attracts iron filings.
What can be explored using a computer applet in the next activity?
The process of separating petroleum
This involves understanding the boiling points of hydrocarbons.
What is fractional distillation?
A process used for the separation of a liquid mixture by vaporizing it and collecting the different components of the mixture as they cool down and condense at their appropriate boiling points.
This process is essential for refining petroleum into usable products.
Why is fractional distillation used in petroleum refining?
To separate petroleum into its different fractions based on the different boiling points of hydrocarbons.
This allows for the production of various usable products from petroleum.
At what boiling point does naphtha condense during fractional distillation?
70°C
Naphtha is one of the fractions obtained from the process.
What fraction is produced at 120°C during fractional distillation of petroleum?
Petrol (gasoline)
Gasoline is commonly used as fuel for vehicles.
What is the boiling point range for diesel oils in fractional distillation?
270°C to 350°C
Diesel fuels are used in various types of engines.
Fill in the blank: The process of separating different sizes of molecules in petroleum is called _______.
fractional distillation
What are petrochemicals?
Chemical products derived from petroleum
Petrochemicals are used in a variety of applications including plastics and synthetic fibers.
True or False: Fractional distillation can only separate solid mixtures.
False
Fractional distillation specifically pertains to liquid mixtures.
What type of fuel is produced for refinery furnaces during fractional distillation?
Fuel for refinery furnace
This fuel is typically derived from heavier fractions of petroleum.
At what temperature does kerosene condense during fractional distillation?
170°C
Kerosene is used for jet fuel and home heating oil.
What is the significance of boiling points in fractional distillation?
Different hydrocarbons have different boiling points, allowing for their separation.
This principle is fundamental to the fractional distillation process.
What is fractional distillation?
A process used for the separation of a liquid mixture by vaporizing it and collecting the different components of the mixture as they cool down and condense at their appropriate boiling points.
This process is essential for refining petroleum into usable products.
Why is fractional distillation used in petroleum refining?
To separate petroleum into its different fractions based on the different boiling points of hydrocarbons.
This allows for the production of various usable products from petroleum.
At what boiling point does naphtha condense during fractional distillation?
70°C
Naphtha is one of the fractions obtained from the process.
What fraction is produced at 120°C during fractional distillation of petroleum?
Petrol (gasoline)
Gasoline is commonly used as fuel for vehicles.
What is the boiling point range for diesel oils in fractional distillation?
270°C to 350°C
Diesel fuels are used in various types of engines.
Fill in the blank: The process of separating different sizes of molecules in petroleum is called _______.
fractional distillation
What are petrochemicals?
Chemical products derived from petroleum
Petrochemicals are used in a variety of applications including plastics and synthetic fibers.
True or False: Fractional distillation can only separate solid mixtures.
False
Fractional distillation specifically pertains to liquid mixtures.
What type of fuel is produced for refinery furnaces during fractional distillation?
Fuel for refinery furnace
This fuel is typically derived from heavier fractions of petroleum.
At what temperature does kerosene condense during fractional distillation?
170°C
Kerosene is used for jet fuel and home heating oil.
What is the significance of boiling points in fractional distillation?
Different hydrocarbons have different boiling points, allowing for their separation.
This principle is fundamental to the fractional distillation process.
What is the primary advantage of smaller hydrocarbons compared to larger hydrocarbons?
Smaller hydrocarbons can easily be reacted to construct new molecules used to make products
Smaller molecules are easier to manipulate in chemical reactions.
What is the process called for breaking up larger hydrocarbons to form smaller molecules?
Cracking
Cracking is essential for producing smaller, more useful molecules.
What are the two methods of cracking hydrocarbons?
- Catalytic cracking
- Thermal cracking
Catalytic cracking uses a catalyst and lower pressure and temperature, while thermal cracking uses high pressure and temperature.
What is the role of fractional distillation in the production of ethene?
Fractional distillation separates the naphtha fraction from crude oil
This fraction is then used in further processing to produce smaller hydrocarbons.
In the production of ethene, what is used to crack the molecules that form the naphtha mixture?
High-pressure steam
This process occurs in a pressurized tower after the initial fractional distillation.
Fill in the blank: Cracking is a reaction in which hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller molecules by means of _______ or _______.
heat; catalysts
The two types of cracking are thermal cracking (using heat) and catalytic cracking (using catalysts).
True or False: Larger hydrocarbons are more useful than smaller hydrocarbons in chemical reactions.
False
Smaller hydrocarbons are preferred for their ease of manipulation in reactions.
What is the primary advantage of smaller hydrocarbons compared to larger hydrocarbons?
Smaller hydrocarbons can easily be reacted to construct new molecules used to make products
Smaller molecules are easier to manipulate in chemical reactions.
What is the process called for breaking up larger hydrocarbons to form smaller molecules?
Cracking
Cracking is essential for producing smaller, more useful molecules.
What are the two methods of cracking hydrocarbons?
- Catalytic cracking
- Thermal cracking
Catalytic cracking uses a catalyst and lower pressure and temperature, while thermal cracking uses high pressure and temperature.
What is the role of fractional distillation in the production of ethene?
Fractional distillation separates the naphtha fraction from crude oil
This fraction is then used in further processing to produce smaller hydrocarbons.
In the production of ethene, what is used to crack the molecules that form the naphtha mixture?
High-pressure steam
This process occurs in a pressurized tower after the initial fractional distillation.
Fill in the blank: Cracking is a reaction in which hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller molecules by means of _______ or _______.
heat; catalysts
The two types of cracking are thermal cracking (using heat) and catalytic cracking (using catalysts).
True or False: Larger hydrocarbons are more useful than smaller hydrocarbons in chemical reactions.
False
Smaller hydrocarbons are preferred for their ease of manipulation in reactions.
What is cracking in the context of hydrocarbons?
Cracking is a process where larger saturated hydrocarbon chains are broken into smaller hydrocarbon chains.
What type of hydrocarbons are produced during the cracking process?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons are produced due to insufficient hydrogen atoms to saturate the smaller molecules.
What does the cracking action depend on?
The cracking action can occur at many places along the carbon chain.
What is petroleum?
Petroleum is a complex mixture of many different hydrocarbons.
How can petroleum be separated into different fractions?
Petroleum can be separated using fractional distillation, based on the different boiling points of hydrocarbons.
What is the significance of the fractions obtained from fractional distillation?
Each fraction contains compounds that have a surprisingly large number of applications.
Fill in the blank: The process of breaking hydrocarbons into smaller chains is called _______.
[cracking]
True or False: Cracking produces only saturated hydrocarbons.
False
What happens to the number of hydrogen atoms during cracking?
There are not enough hydrogen atoms to saturate all the new compounds produced.
Define the term ‘fraction’ in the context of petroleum.
A fraction is a group of hydrocarbons separated by fractional distillation based on boiling points.
