2.1 B: Physics = Changes in Motion 2.1 Momentum Flashcards
What is the velocity at which some hockey players can shoot a puck?
Over 130 km/h
This velocity can pose significant risks for goalies.
What are the two basic properties of moving objects identified in the analysis of a hockey puck’s motion?
Mass and velocity
These properties are essential in understanding the dynamics of motion.
How is mass defined in terms of an object?
The quantity of matter or the amount of inertia measured in kilograms
Mass is a fundamental property that influences how objects behave in motion.
What effect does mass have on a vehicle’s ability to stop?
A vehicle with a larger mass is more difficult to stop than a vehicle with a smaller mass
This illustrates the practical implications of mass in real-world scenarios.
What is the mass of a hockey puck?
0.170 kg
This mass is significantly less than that of a soccer ball.
What is the mass of a soccer ball in comparison to a hockey puck?
0.405 kg (about three times that of a puck)
The difference in mass affects how players and goalies interact with these balls.
True or False: A goalkeeper in soccer wears the same protective gear as a goaltender in hockey.
False
Different sports have different safety standards and requirements for protective gear.
What is the property used to describe the motion of an object?
Velocity
Velocity is a vector quantity that includes both speed and direction.
What is the velocity of a puck in hockey?
Over 160 km/h
This high speed contributes to the need for protective gear in hockey.
What is the velocity of a tennis ball?
Over 200 km/h
Despite this high speed, tennis players typically do not wear protective gear.
Why do hockey players wear protective gear while soccer or tennis players do not?
The mass and velocity of the objects involved
Hockey involves higher mass and velocity impacts compared to soccer or tennis.
Mass times velocity gives momentum. Change in momentum is impulse. Likely the momentum of a hockey puck is more than the others. I would still need to calculate this to prove that point. Also the change in momentum is greater due to not pulling back on impact. A tennis player has a racket to stop the motion, and a soccer goalie will pull back their hands.
What does Isaac Newton’s first law of motion state about an object at rest?
It has a tendency to stay at rest
This principle can be applied to understand the motion of objects with mass.
What is the term Isaac Newton used to refer to the product of an object’s mass and its velocity?
Quantity of motion
This concept evolved into the modern term ‘momentum.’
What is the modern term for the product of an object’s mass and its velocity?
Momentum
Momentum is defined as mass multiplied by velocity.
What is the equation for momentum?
Momentum = mass × velocity
In units, this is expressed as (kg·m/s).
Is velocity a scalar or vector quantity?
Vector
Velocity has both magnitude and direction.
Is mass a scalar or vector quantity?
Scalar
Mass does not have direction, only magnitude.
How is the direction of the momentum vector determined?
It is the same as the direction of the velocity vector
This indicates that momentum is directionally dependent.
Determine the momentum of a vehicle with a mass of 2100 kg moving at a velocity of 22 m/s [E].
What is the mass of the vehicle in the problem?
2100 kg
Determine the momentum of a vehicle with a mass of 2100 kg moving at a velocity of 22 m/s [E].
What is the velocity of the vehicle in the problem?
22 m/s E
Determine the momentum of a vehicle with a mass of 2100 kg moving at a velocity of 22 m/s [E].
What direction is considered positive in this problem?
East
Determine the momentum of a vehicle with a mass of 2100 kg moving at a velocity of 22 m/s [E].
How is the momentum (p) calculated in this scenario?
p–> = m * v–>
Determine the momentum of a vehicle with a mass of 2100 kg moving at a velocity of 22 m/s [E].
What is the formula used to calculate the momentum of the vehicle?
p–> = (2100 kg) * (+22 m/s)
Determine the momentum of a vehicle with a mass of 2100 kg moving at a velocity of 22 m/s [E].
What is the calculated momentum of the vehicle?
+4.6 x 10^4 kg•m/s E
Determine the momentum of a vehicle with a mass of 2100 kg moving at a velocity of 22 m/s [E].
Fill in the blank: The momentum of the vehicle is _______.
4.6 x 10^4 kg•m/s E
What is the role of momentum in sports regarding protective equipment?
Momentum explains the necessity of protective equipment in sports.
Which has more momentum, a hockey puck or a tennis ball?
A hockey puck has more momentum than a tennis ball.
How can a soccer ball have the same momentum as a hockey puck?
Soccer balls can have the same momentum as hockey pucks due to their larger mass.
What characteristic of moving objects affects the danger of being hit?
The ability to be compressed upon impact affects the danger of being hit.
Why are hockey pucks frozen before games?
Hockey pucks are frozen to make them more rigid and reduce their tendency to bounce.
What characteristic do soccer balls have that contributes to their design?
Soccer balls have an elastic surface that can momentarily change shape.
Fill in the blank: The ability of an object to be compressed upon impact relates to the concept of _______.
[change in momentum]
True or False: Soccer balls generally travel at higher velocities than hockey pucks.
False
What is the significance of understanding momentum in relation to protective sports equipment?
Understanding momentum is important for exploring the designs of protective sports equipment and automotive safety systems.
What is the original term used to describe the combination of mass and velocity?
Quantity of motion
This term was later replaced by the term ‘momentum’.
How is momentum quantified mathematically?
p = mv
‘p’ represents momentum, ‘m’ represents mass, and ‘v’ represents velocity.
Is momentum a scalar or vector quantity?
Vector quantity
This means that both magnitude and direction must be specified.
What factors contribute to a large momentum in a moving object?
- Large mass
- Large velocity
- Both large mass and large velocity
A moving object will have large momentum if it possesses any of these factors.
