AP Bio 3.2 Flashcards
What are enzymes?
They are biological catalysts, usually protiens, that speed up chemical reactions (synthesis or digestion)
How many reactions can each enzyme facilitate?
One reaction
All reactions require…
An initial starting energy (to start the reaction), called activation energy.
What is typical of reactions that result in a net release of energy?
They require less activation energy
What is typical of reactions that result in a net absorption of energy?
They require more activation energy.
What do enzymes do with the activation energy of reactions?
They lower the activation energy needed to mediate these reactions, thus accelerating the rate of reactions.
What are the two types of tests set up in a controlled experiment?
The control group, and the experimental group.
What type of data does the control group generate?
- Generates data under conditions with no treatment/no manipulation
- Generates data under normal/unchanged conditions
- (It is considered) baseline data
What type of data does the experimental group generate?
- Generates data under abnormal/unknown conditions
- Generates data under treated/manipulated conditions
- Test results often compared with control test results to help determine possible impacts of a treatment/manipulation
What are the types of control groups?
- The negative control, in which the group is not exposed to the experimental treatment or any treatment known to have an effect
- The positive control, in which the group is exposed to a treatment known to have an effect, but is not exposed to the experimental treatment
Both types can be used to validate experimental procedures
What are controlled variables
They are aspects of an experiment that could be changed but are intentionally unchanged. They are crucial to help isolate and identify the effects of the intentional change or treatment.
They are
What are controlled variables also known as?
Constants
What can be considered as controlled variables
Only variables known to have an impact
