3.5

Question 1

What do organisms partake in to capture and store energy?

Answer 1

They take part in biological processes

Question 1

What is photosythesis?

Answer 1

It’s the biological process that captures energy from the sun to produce sugars

Question 2

What does evidence go to show regarding photosynthesis?

Answer 2

That the photosynthesis of organisms, such as cyanobacteria, was responsible for the presence of oxygen in the atmosphere

Question 3

What is the foundation of eukaryotic photosynthesis?

Answer 3

Photosynthetic pathways

Question 4

What do the light dependent reactions in eukaryotes follow in order to happen?

Answer 4

They follow a series of pathways (small sequential steps)

Question 5

How do light dependent reactions capture light energy?

Answer 5

By using ligth absorbing molecules called pigments

Question 6

What do pigments help do?

Answer 6

They help transform light energy into chemical energy

Question 7

After pigments transform light energy into chemical energy, where is the chemical energy temporarily stored?

Answer 7

It’s temporarily stores in the chemical bonds of carrier molecules called NADPH

Question 8

What do light dependent reactions help facilitate?

Answer 8

They help facilitate ATP synthesis

Question 9

What do ATP and NADPH do in the Calvin cycle pathway?

Answer 9

They transfer stored chemical energy to be used in the synthesis of other organic molecules

Question 10

Oxygen is also produced as a result of what?

Answer 10

Water hydrolosis

Question 11

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 11

ATP, NADPH, and oxygen

Question 12

Which products are used in the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 12

ATP and NADPH (CO2 is used to but it’s from the atmosphere)

Question 13

What are the pigments that create chemical energy from light energy?

Answer 13

Chlorophyll

Question 14

How does chlorophyll transform light to energy?

Answer 14

They convert energy from light to high energy electrons (chlorophylls electrons become energized)

Question 15

What does the chlorophylls energized electrons help in?

Answer 15

It helps create a proton gradient and reduces NADP+ to NADPH

Question 16

Where are PSI and PSII embedded?

Answer 16

They are embedded in the thylakoids of the chloroplasts

Question 17

What is a photosystem?

Answer 17

It’s a light capturing unit in the chloroplasts thylakoid membrane

Question 18

Why is the hydrolosis of water important as it relates to PSII and the light dependent reactions?

Answer 18

The splitting of water releases hydrogen molecules which are released in the thylakoid space and are used to create an electrochemical/proton gradient

Question 19

What happens to electrons that are transferred between molecules?

Answer 19

They pass through an electron transport chain

Question 20

How are PSI and PSII functionally related to the electron transport chain?

Answer 20

PSI and PSII pass electrons to the electron transport chain

Question 21

What is an electrochemical/proton gradient?

Answer 21

It is the difference between protons across a membrane (hydrogen in our case)

Question 22

The formation of the proton gradient is linked to what?

Answer 22

The synthesis of ATP

Question 23

What does happens in photosynthesis in order to trasnform ADP to ATP?

Answer 23

It uses a form of passive transport

Question 24

What is ATP synthase

Answer 24

It’s an enzyme that produces ATP when protons pass through it

Question 25

What does the energy captured from the light reactions generate?

Answer 25

It generates carbohydrates

Question 26

What is the ultimate goal of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 26

To produce organic products that plants need (using the products of the light reactions & CO2)

Question 27

Where do most organisms get CO2 from?

Answer 27

From their environment