5.3 Flashcards
- How do conserved processes support the concept of common ancestry?
- Why are these processes considered fundamental for continuity of life?
- Shared and conserved processes support the concept of common ancestry because fundamental features link organisms by lines of descent.
- Processes like cellular respiration and transmission of genetic information allow life to continue through generations.
What’s something that ensures the continuity of life?
(The passing down of) heritable information
What are carriers of genetic information?
DNA and RNA
How does transfer of genetic information occur?
It happens through cell division
What are shared, conserved, fundamental processes and features support the concept of common ancestry for all organisms?
- Major features of the genetic code (the use of nucleic acids)
- The use of/containing ribosomes to create protiens using nucleic acid sequences
- Core metabollic pathways (cellular respiration: anaerobic and aerobic respiration, both contain glycolosis)
- What is Mendel’s law of segregation?
- What is Mendel’s law of independent assortment?
- What are a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross?
- How can the laws of probability be applied to genetic crosses?
- What is a pedigree and how do the patterns show types of inheritance?
- Mendel’s law of segregation states that alleles are segregated into separate gametes during melosis.
- Mendel’s law of independent assortment states that genes are not linked.
- A monohybrid cross examines the inheritance of one trait and a dihybrid cross exams the inheritance of two traits.
- Understanding Mendel’s laws allows for the application of mathematical calculations and laws of probability to predict genetic events.
- Pedigrees show inheritance patterns within families and can be used to predict inheritance of traits in subsequent generations.
What do Mendel’s laws describe?
They describe the inheritance of genes and traits of different chromosomes
What’s a gene?
It’s a unit of heredity coding for a trait
Can be transferred from one generation to the next
What’s a trait?
It’s a genetically determined characteristic that an organism possesses
Genes determine traits
What’s an allele?
It’s a different variation of a trait
Organisms inherit alleles from both parents
Organisms can inherit different alleles for the same gene (AA, Aa, aa)
What’s a genotype?
It’s a combination of the alleles you inherit
Homozygous, heterozygous
What’s a phenotype?
It’s the physical result or expression of a gene
What’s the law of segregation?
Mendel’s law of segregation states that alleles are segregated into separate gametes during melosis.
Chromosomes carry…
alleles
Homologous chromosomes…
carry the alleles for the same trait
What does the seperation of alleles allow for?
Increased genetic variation among gametes, and eventually among offspring
Reappearance of the recessive phenotype in the F2 generation is evidence of…
segregation of alleles.
What does the law of indepedent assortment state?
One trait is not automatically inhereted with another by being on the same chromosomes initially, they eventually indepdently assort (in anaphase I and II)
How do you determine the probability of A or B happening?
Add them
(1/2+1/2 = 1)
How do you determine the probability of A and B happening?
Mulitply them.
(1/2 x 1/2)
What’s a monohybrid cross?
It’s an examination of how one trait is inherited
What’s a dihybrid cross?
It’s an examination of how two traits are inherited
Give me a phenotype ratio
3:1
(3 purple to 1 white ratio)
- Why do scientists use hypothesis testing?
- What is the purpose of a chi-square goodness-of-fit test?
- What steps are necessary to perform a chi-square goodness-of-fit test?
