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Phase 1 - Anatomy > Anatomy - Pelvic organs > Flashcards

Anatomy - Pelvic organs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the perineum?

A

An anaotmical space located below the pelvic diaphragm; it is diamond shaped and contains urinary, GI and reproductive viscera.

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2
Q

What divides the perineum into anterior and posterior triangles?

A

An imaginary line drawn between the ischial tuberosities.

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3
Q

What 2 triangles are formed by the imaginary line dividing the perineum?

A
  1. The posterior anal triangle. 2. The anterior urogenital triangle.
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4
Q

What line separates the deep and superficial perineal pouches in the urogenital triangle?

A

The perineal membrane - a sheet of fibrous tissue.

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5
Q

Where will urine accumulate if the male urethra is ruptured?

A

In the superficial perineal pouch.

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6
Q

What does the superficial perineal pouch contain?

A

Erectile tissue that forms the penis and the clitoris.

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7
Q

What is the deep perineal pouch?

A

A space deep to the perineal membrane. It contains part of the urethra.

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8
Q

What is the superficial perineal pouch?

A

An area superficial to the urogenital diaphragm.

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9
Q

True or False: the perineal membrane covers the urogenital diaphragm?

A

True.

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10
Q

What perforates the perineal membrane?

A

The urethra and the vagina.

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11
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

The centre of the perineum located at the junction between the urogenital and anal triangles.

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12
Q

Why does the uterus need to be capable of expansion?

A

So it can accommodate the growth of a foetus.

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13
Q

What are the 3 sub-divisions of the uterus?

A
  1. Fundus. 2. Body. 3. Cervix.
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14
Q

What is a fornix?

A

A space between the vagina and the cervix.

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15
Q

What are the 2 orifices of the cervix?

A
  1. The internal orifice - communicates with the uterus. 2. The external orifice - communicates with the vagina.
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16
Q

The uterus is described as anteverted with respect to the vagina, what does this mean?

A

It is rotated towards the anterior surface of the body.

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17
Q

How does the uterus lie with respect to the bladder?

A

Posterior-superior.

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18
Q

What are the three tissue layers that make up the uterus?

A
  1. Peritoneum. 2. Myometrium: smooth muscle layer. 3. Endometrium: inner mucous membrane lining.
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19
Q

What are the two divisions of the endometrium?

A
  1. Stratum basalis. 2. Stratum functionalis.
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20
Q

Which layer of the endometrium is shred in menstruation?

A

The stratum functionalis.

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21
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

A double peritoneum layer that attaches the uterus to the pelvis; it acts a mesentery.

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22
Q

What is the round ligament and what is its function?

A

A remnant of the gubernaculum. Its function is to maintain the anteverted position of the uterus.

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23
Q

What does the cardinal ligament contain?

A

The uterine artery and vein.

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24
Q

What is the uterine artery a branch of?

A

The internal iliac artery.

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25
Q

What ligament do the uterine tubes lie in?

A

The broad ligament.

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26
Q

What is the function of the uterine tubes?

A

They assist in the transport and transfer of ovum from the ovary to the uterus.

27
Q

Give 2 ways in which the uterine tube is adapted for the transport of ovum to the uterus.

A
  1. Ciliated columnar epithelium wafts the ovum to the uterus. 2. Contraction of the smooth muscle layer.
28
Q

What is the most medial part of the uterine tube?

A

The isthmus.

29
Q

Where in the uterine tube does fertilisation normally occur?

A

In the ampulla, this is the widest part of the tube and is lateral to the isthmus.

30
Q

What is the final part of the uterine tube?

A

The fimbriae, finger-like projections coming off the infundibulum.

31
Q

What is the function of the fimbriae?

A

To capture the ovum.

32
Q

What is the blood supply to the uterine tubes?

A

The ovarian and uterine arteries.

33
Q

What is the ovarian artery a branch of?

A

The abdominal aorta.

34
Q

What forms the ovarian fossa?

A

The angle between the internal and external iliac arteries.

35
Q

What are the female gonads?

A

The ovaries.

36
Q

Where do the ovaries lie in relation to the broad ligament?

A

Posterior.

37
Q

Give 2 functions of the ovaries.

A
  1. To produce oocytes. 2. To produce oestrogen and progesterone.
38
Q

Where are the follicles containing oocytes found in the ovary?

A

In the cortex.

39
Q

What is the epithelium surface of the ovary?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium.

40
Q

What area of the ovary contains the neurovascular tissues?

A

The medulla.

41
Q

What does the ovarian ligament connect?

A

The ovary to the uterus.

42
Q

What is the blood supply to the ovaries?

A

Ovarian arteries (branch of the abdominal aorta).

43
Q

What does the left ovarian vein drain into?

A

The left renal vein.

44
Q

What ligament does the neurovasculature tissue travel through to reach the hilum of the ovary?

A

The suspensory ligament of the ovary.

45
Q

Give 3 functions of the vagina.

A
  1. It receives the penis in sexual intercourse. 2. It expands providing a delivery channel in childbirth. 3. It serves as a canal for menstrual fluid to leave the body.
46
Q

What 2 things comprise the vaginal mucosa?

A
  1. Stratified squamous epithelium. 2. Elastic lamina propria.
47
Q

What is the blood supply to the vagina?

A

Uterine and vaginal arteries (branches of the internal iliac artery).

48
Q

What 2 structures combine to form the ejaculatory ducts?

A

The vas deferens and the seminal vesicle.

49
Q

List in sequence the tubular structures along with spermatozoa pass to the exterior?

A

Testes -> epididymis -> vas deferens (goes through inguinal canal and along the lateral pelvic wall to the posterior bladder) -> seminal vesicle -> ejaculatory duct -> prostate gland -> prostatic urethra -> membranous urethra -> penile urethra.

50
Q

What is the ampulla of vas?

A

A large dilation of the vas deferens on the posterior aspect of the bladder.

51
Q

True or False: the seminal vesicles store spermatozoa.

A

False - they do NOT store spermatozoa.

52
Q

What is the function of the prostate glands?

A

They secrete proteolytic enzymes which break down clotting factors in the ejaculate and so allowing the semen to remain fluid.

53
Q

What does the prostate lie inferior to?

A

The neck of the bladder.

54
Q

What does the prostate lie superior to?

A

The external urethral sphincter.

55
Q

What is the blood supply to the prostate?

A

Prostatic arteries (derived from internal iliac arteries).

56
Q

Name 2 vessels that pierce the prostate.

A

The urethra and the ejaculatory ducts.

57
Q

Why might inflammation of the ovary cause medial thigh pain?

A

Inflammation may irritate the obtruator nerve causing medial thigh pain - REFERRED PAIN!

58
Q

What is a retroverted uterus?

A

One that is rotated towards the posterior abdominal wall, it would lie on the rectum.

59
Q

Give some signs and symptoms of an enlarged prostate gland.

A

An enlarged prostate would press on the bladder and so cause an increase in urinary frequency, urinary urgency, dribbling, and difficulty initiating micturition.

60
Q

Why might a malignant tumour of the prostate spread to the vertebral column?

A

The prostatic venous plexus of veins is in direct continuation with the venous plexus of the vertebra and so this represents a possible route of tumour spread.

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62
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63
Q
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Phase 1 - Anatomy (29 decks)

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