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Phase 1 - Anatomy > Anatomy - Neuroscience > Flashcards

Anatomy - Neuroscience Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hindbrain subdivided into? What are they all derived from?

A
  • The medulla oblongata
  • the pons
  • the cerebellum
  • derived from the mesencephalon
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2
Q

what is another name for the midbrain? what is it subdivided into?

A
  • The mesencephalon
  • the tectum, lies dorsal posterior to the cerebrum aqueduct)
  • the cerebrum peduncle
    • tegmentum
    • crus cerebri
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3
Q

What is another name for the forebrain? And what is it divisible into and where they derived from?

A
  • the prosencephalon
    • diencephalon
      • derived from the anterior part of the developing neural tube
      • comprises of the thalamus and hypothalamus
    • Telencephalon
      • derived from the sea ruble physical of each side, and consisting of an outer layer of grey matter
      • comprises of the cerebrum cortex and the basal ganglia
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4
Q

What are gyri?

A

Rolls of cerebral cortex.

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5
Q

What are sulci?

A

Grooves/depressions between gyri.

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6
Q

What sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal?

A

The central sulcus.

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7
Q

What sulcus separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobe?

A

The lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure).

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8
Q

Define insula.

A

A portion of cerebral cortex folded deep in the lateral sulcus; forms the floor of the lateral sulcus.

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9
Q

What divides the brain into right and left hemispheres?

A

The deep longitudinal fissure.

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10
Q

What white matter structure holds the hemispheres together?

A

The corpus callosum.

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11
Q

Within what lobe is broca’s area located?

A

The dominant (usually left) frontal lobe.

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12
Q

What is the function of Broca’s area?

A

Language production.

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13
Q

Within what lobe is Wernicke’s area located?

A

The dominant (usually left) temporal lobe.

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14
Q

What is the function of Wernicke’s area?

A

It is involved in the comprehension of written and spoken language.

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15
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex located?

A

In the pre-central gyrus of the frontal lobe.

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16
Q

What are the functions of the frontal lobes?

A

Motor function, problem solving, judgement, personality, social and sexual behaviour.

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17
Q

What is the pre-frontal cortex responsible for?

A

Higher cognitive functions e.g. personality.

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18
Q

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

A

In the post-central gyrus of the parietal lobe.

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19
Q

What are the functions of the parietal lobes?

A

Somatosensory function. The dominant lobe is involved in perception, interpretation of sensory information, language and mathematical operations. The non dominant lobe has visiospatial functions.

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20
Q

What cortex are located in the occipital lobes?

A

Primary visual and vision association cortex.

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21
Q

What cortex is located in the temporal lobe?

A

Primary auditory cortex.

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22
Q

What are the functions of the temporal lobe?

A

Hearing, language comprehension (wernicke’s area). It also contains the hippocampus and amygdala.

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23
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus?

A

Important in the formation of long term memories.

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24
Q

What are the motor and sensory homunculi?

A

Proportional somatotopical representations of how much of the cortex innervates certain body parts.

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25
Q

How many horns does the lateral ventricle have and what are they called?

A

3 horns. Anterior, posterior and inferior.

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26
Q

What is the foramen between the lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle called?

A

The foramen of Munro.

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27
Q

What is the foramen between the 3rd and 4th ventricle called?

A

The cerebral aqueduct.

28
Q

What are the foramen called that connect the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space?

A

The foramina of luschka (lateral) and the foramen of magendie (medial).

29
Q

Where is choroid plexus located?

A

Along the choroid fissure of the lateral ventricle and in the roof of the 3rd and 4th ventricle.

30
Q

How is CSF reabsorbed into dural venous sinuses?

A

Via arachnoid granulations. CSF drains through the endothelium into the dural venous sinus.

31
Q

What are the 4 anatomical divisions of the corpus callosum?

A
  1. Rostrum. 2. Genu. 3. Body. 4. Splenium.
32
Q

Which anatomical division of the corpus callosum lies most posteriorly?

A

The splenium.

33
Q

What gyrus lies immediately above the corpus callosum?

A

The cingulate gyrus.

34
Q

What structure forms the roof of the lateral ventricles?

A

The corpus callosum.

35
Q

What are commissural fibres?

A

Fibres linking similar functional areas of the two hemispheres together e.g. the corpus callosum is composed of commissural fibres.

36
Q

What is the brainstem composed of?

A

The midbrain, pons and medulla oblangata.

37
Q

What structure divides the midbrain into dorsal and ventral parts?

A

The cerebral aqueduct.

38
Q

What forms the dorsal midbrain?

A

The tectum.

39
Q

What is the tectum of the midbrain composed of?

A

The inferior and superior colliculi.

40
Q

What forms the ventral midbrain?

A

The cerebral peduncle.

41
Q

What is the cerebral peduncle of the midbrain composed of?

A

A dorsal tegmentum and a ventral crus cerebri.

42
Q

What structure divides the tegmentum from the crus cerebri?

A

The substantia nigra.

43
Q

What are the crus cerebri?

A

White matter bundles emerging from the cerebral hemispheres.

44
Q

What is the attachment between the midbrain and cerebellum called?

A

The superior cerebellar peduncles.

45
Q

What is the function of the pineal gland?

A

Synthesises melatonin.

46
Q

What is the midline sulcus on the ventral surface of the pons called?

A

The basilar sulcus (where the basilar artery lies).

47
Q

What is the sulcus called that forms the caudal border of the pons?

A

The bulbopontine sulcus.

48
Q

What is the medullary striae?

A

Ponto-cerebellar fibres that divide the floor of the 4th ventricle into a rostral pontine half and a caudal medullary half.

49
Q

What is the obex?

A

The inferior apex of the rhomboid fossa.

50
Q

What are the midline fissures of the medulla called?

A
  • The anterior median fissure (ventral). - The posterior median fissure (dorsal).
51
Q

What is the medullary olive?

A

An eminence caused by the presence of the inferior olivary nucleus underneath. Located lateral to the ventrolateral sulcus.

52
Q

What does white-matter contain?

A

Formed by collections of nerve fibres with few or no neural somata

53
Q

What does grey matter contain?

A

Aggregations of neuronal cell bodies and local processes

54
Q

What is neurophil?

A

the space between neuronal cell bodies

55
Q

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

A
  • outer endosteal layer (equivalent to the periosteum)
  • inner meningeal layer (dura mater proper)
56
Q

Name this

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57
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58
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59
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60
Q

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61
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62
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63
Q

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64
Q

name this

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65
Q

What is the spinal reflex for the biceps?

A

C5/6.

66
Q

What is the spinal reflex for the triceps?

A

C7/8.

67
Q

What is the spinal reflex for the ankle?

A

S1/2.

Phase 1 - Anatomy (29 decks)

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