Anatomy - Knee Joint Flashcards
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Hinge, synovial.
What are the 2 articulations of the knee joint?
- Tibiofemoral. 2. Patellofemoral.
What is the function of the tibiofemoral articulation?
It is the weight bearing joint.
What is the function of the patellofemoral articulation?
It aloows the quadriceps femoris tendon to be onserted over the knee.
Give 3 functions of the medial and lateral menisci.
- Shock absorbers. 2. Permit some rotation. 3. Deepen the articulating surfaces and so increase stability.
What are the medial and lateral menisci both attached to?
The intercondylar area of the tibia.
What is the medial meniscus attached to?
- Intercondylar area of the tibia. 2. Tibial (medial) collateral ligament. 3. Joint capsule.
What is the lateral meniscus attached to?
The intercondylar area of the tibia.
Which meniscus is more prone to injury?
Medial meniscus - its extra attachments to the medial collateral ligament and joint capsule mean it is less mobile and so more prone to damage.
What is the patellar ligament a continuation of?
The quadriceps femoris tendon distal to the patella.
What is the function of the collateral ligaments?
To stabilise the hinge motion of the knee.
Name the 2 collateral ligaments of the knee.
- Tibial (medial) - more prone to injury. 2. Fibular (lateral) - thinner and rounder.
What bones do the cruciate ligaments attach to?
The femur and the tibia.
Where does the anterior cruciate ligament attach?
The anterior intercondylar region of the tibia and the posterior femur.
Where does the posterior cruciate ligament attach?
The posterior intercondylar region of the tibia and the anterior femur.
What is the function of the cruciate ligaments?
They stabilise the knee in the anterior and posterior direction. Prevent dislocation.
Which ligament of the knee is extrascapular?
Lateral collateral.
What parts of the knee are intrascapular?
Menisci, ACL and PCL.
If a force is applied to the lateral aspect of a fixed knee which collateral ligament would be damaged?
This would stretch the medial aspect of the knee resulting in damage to the medial collateral ligaments.
What is the action of popliteus?
Twists the tibia on the femur to unlock the knee.
What are the functions of the quadriceps?
Extension at the knee and flexion at the hip.
How might the ACL be injured?
Hyperextension, common in sports injuries.
What are bakers cyst and housemaids knee?
Clinical presentations of patella bursae inflammation.
What is the function of the patella?
Transfers force from the quadriceps over the knee to the tibia.
What are the attachments of the patella?
Quadriceps femoris tendon superiorly and patellar ligament inferiorly.
Which muscle fibres stabilise the patella?
The vasti muscles of the quadriceps.
Which muscles extend the knee?
Quadriceps femoris - anterior thigh.
Which muscles flex the knee?
Hamstrings - posterior thigh.
If you damage the lateral collateral ligament of the knee would there be any blood?
No, the lateral collateral ligament is extrcapsular.
