Anatomy - Knee Joint

Question 1

What type of joint is the knee joint?

Answer 1

Hinge, synovial.

Question 2

What are the 2 articulations of the knee joint?

Answer 2

1. Tibiofemoral. 2. Patellofemoral.

Question 3

What is the function of the tibiofemoral articulation?

Answer 3

It is the weight bearing joint.

Question 4

What is the function of the patellofemoral articulation?

Answer 4

It aloows the quadriceps femoris tendon to be onserted over the knee.

Question 5

Give 3 functions of the medial and lateral menisci.

Answer 5

1. Shock absorbers. 2. Permit some rotation. 3. Deepen the articulating surfaces and so increase stability.

Question 6

What are the medial and lateral menisci both attached to?

Answer 6

The intercondylar area of the tibia.

Question 7

What is the medial meniscus attached to?

Answer 7

1. Intercondylar area of the tibia. 2. Tibial (medial) collateral ligament. 3. Joint capsule.

Question 8

What is the lateral meniscus attached to?

Answer 8

The intercondylar area of the tibia.

Question 9

Which meniscus is more prone to injury?

Answer 9

Medial meniscus - its extra attachments to the medial collateral ligament and joint capsule mean it is less mobile and so more prone to damage.

Question 10

What is the patellar ligament a continuation of?

Answer 10

The quadriceps femoris tendon distal to the patella.

Question 11

What is the function of the collateral ligaments?

Answer 11

To stabilise the hinge motion of the knee.

Question 12

Name the 2 collateral ligaments of the knee.

Answer 12

1. Tibial (medial) - more prone to injury. 2. Fibular (lateral) - thinner and rounder.

Question 13

What bones do the cruciate ligaments attach to?

Answer 13

The femur and the tibia.

Question 14

Where does the anterior cruciate ligament attach?

Answer 14

The anterior intercondylar region of the tibia and the posterior femur.

Question 15

Where does the posterior cruciate ligament attach?

Answer 15

The posterior intercondylar region of the tibia and the anterior femur.

Question 16

What is the function of the cruciate ligaments?

Answer 16

They stabilise the knee in the anterior and posterior direction. Prevent dislocation.

Question 17

Which ligament of the knee is extrascapular?

Answer 17

Lateral collateral.

Question 18

What parts of the knee are intrascapular?

Answer 18

Menisci, ACL and PCL.

Question 19

If a force is applied to the lateral aspect of a fixed knee which collateral ligament would be damaged?

Answer 19

This would stretch the medial aspect of the knee resulting in damage to the medial collateral ligaments.

Question 20

What is the action of popliteus?

Answer 20

Twists the tibia on the femur to unlock the knee.

Question 21

What are the functions of the quadriceps?

Answer 21

Extension at the knee and flexion at the hip.

Question 22

How might the ACL be injured?

Answer 22

Hyperextension, common in sports injuries.

Question 23

What are bakers cyst and housemaids knee?

Answer 23

Clinical presentations of patella bursae inflammation.

Question 24

What is the function of the patella?

Answer 24

Transfers force from the quadriceps over the knee to the tibia.

Question 25

What are the attachments of the patella?

Answer 25

Quadriceps femoris tendon superiorly and patellar ligament inferiorly.

Question 26

Which muscle fibres stabilise the patella?

Answer 26

The vasti muscles of the quadriceps.

Question 27

Which muscles extend the knee?

Answer 27

Quadriceps femoris - anterior thigh.

Question 28

Which muscles flex the knee?

Answer 28

Hamstrings - posterior thigh.

Question 29

If you damage the lateral collateral ligament of the knee would there be any blood?

Answer 29

No, the lateral collateral ligament is extrcapsular.