Anatomy - Anterior and Medial leg Flashcards
What are the 3 main long bones in the lower limb?
- Femur (proximal). 2. Fibula (distal and lateral). 3. Tibia (distal and medial).
What nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
The femoral nerve, L2-4.
What is the action of the majority of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Extension of the leg at the knee.
What is the origin of psoas major?
Transverse processes of T12-L5 vertebrae.
What is the origin of iliacus?
The iliac fossa and the pelvis.
Where does iliopsoas insert?
The lesser trochanter of the femur.
What is the innervation to psoas major?
Anterior rami of L1-3.
What is the innervation to iliacus?
Femoral nerve L2-4.
What is the action if iliopsoas?
Flexes the lower limb at the hip.
What muscles make up quadriceps femoris?
- Vastus medialis. 2. Vastus intermedius. 3. Vastus lateralis. 4. Rectus femoris.
What is the lower part of quadriceps femoris related to?
The suprapatellar bursa.
What attaches the patella to the tibia?
The patella ligament.
What is the action of the vasti muscles?
Extension at the knee.
What is the action of rectus femoris?
Extension at the knee and flexion at the hip.
What is the innervation of quadriceps femoris?
Femoral nerve, L2-4.
What is the origin of sartorius?
anterior superior iliac spines
What is the action of sartorious?
Flexion, abduction and lateral rotation at the hip. Flexion at the knee.
What is the innervation to sartorious?
Femoral nerve, L2-4.
How can you test the action of quadriceps femoris?
Ask the patient to extend their legs against resistance whilst lying in a supine position.
What nerve innervates the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?
Obturator, L2-4.
What is the action of the majority of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?
Hip adductors.
Name the 5 muscles found in the medial compartment of the thigh.
- Gracilis. 2. Obturator externus. 3. Adductor brevis. 4. Adductor longus. 5. Adductor magnus.
Where do adductor brevis, adductor longus and adductor magnus originate and insert?
Origin: pubis. Insertion: medial femur.
What is the action of adductor brevis, adductor longus and adductor magnus.
Adduction of the thigh.
What is the innervation of adductor brevis, adductor longus and adductor magnus.
Obtruator nerve, L2-4.
What forms the superior border of the femoral triangle?
The inguinal ligament.
What muscle forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?
Adductor longus.
What muscle forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle?
Sartorious.
What are the contents of the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein and lymph nodes. NAV lateral to medial.
What is the femoral canal and what does it contain?
A potential space medial to the femoral vein. It contains lymph nodes.
Define hernia.
The protrusion of an organ through the wall of the cavity containing it.
What is a femoral hernia?
Protrusion of bowel into the femoral canal. This manifests as a bulge in the thigh.
What is the subsartorial canal?
A passageway for vessels extending from the femoral triangle to the popliteal fossa at the back of the knee.
What is the saphenous opening?
An opening in the fascia lacta pierced by the great saphenous vein.
What is the surface marking for the saphenous opening?
4cm below and lateral to the pubic tubercle.
What are the contents of the femoral sheath?
Femoral artery, veins and lymphatics.
What is the surface marking for the femoral artery?
2cm below the mid-inguinal point.
Where is the femoral artery pulsation palpable?
Below the mid-inguinal point.
Name the arteries in between the aorta and the femoral artery?
Aorta -> common iliac arteries -> external iliac arteries -> femoral artery.
Name the 2 main branches of the femoral artery.
- Profunda femoris artery. 2. Superficial femoral artery.
Which veins join to become the common femoral vein?
The superficial femoral vein and the profunda femoris vein.
Name all the major veins blood flows through from the femoral vein to the heart?
Femoral vein -> external iliac vein -> common iliac vein -> IVC -> heart.
If you do a femoral puncture to take blood from the femoral vein, do you introduce the needle lateral or medial to the femoral arterial pulsation?
Medial. NAV therefore vein is medial to artery.
What is the motor supply of the femoral nerve?
Anterior thigh compartment muscles.
Which joints does the femoral nerve supply?
The hip and knee.
What are the problems produced by weak quadriceps?
Difficulty walking downstairs.
In what muscle is the obturator nerve formed?
Psoas major.
Define referred pain.
Pain arising from one area but it’s felt elsewhere.
Give an example of referred pain in the leg.
Medial thigh pain can be felt due to inflammation of the ovary irritating the obturator nerve.
What is the femoral artery a continuation of?
The external iliac artery.
When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?
When it crosses under the inguinal ligament into the femoral triangle.
What artery does the obturator arise from?
The internal iliac artery.
Name 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg.
- Tibialis anterior. 2. Extensor digitorum longus. 3. Extensor hallucis longus.
What are the actions of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Dorsiflexion and inversion. The extensors also extend the toes.
Describe dorsiflexion.
Flexing the ankle joint so that the toes are brought closer to the shin.
What is the innervation to the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep peroneal nerve (L4-5).
What is the deep peroneal nerve a branch of?
The common peroneal nerve, which is a branch of the sciatic nerve.
What is the action of tibialis anterior?
Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot.
Describe inversion of the foot.
Turning the ankle so that the plantar surface of the foot faces medially.
What is the action of extensor digitorum longus?
Dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes.
What is the action of extensor hallucis longus?
Dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes.
Where does extensor hallucis longus insert?
The great toe.
What is the blood supply to the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Anterior tibial artery.
What is the origin of extensor digitorum longus?
Lateral condyle of the tibia and medial fibula.
What can cause foot drop?
Damage to the common peroneal nerve and so paralysis of the dorsiflexors.
What is foot drop?
When the foot is permanently plantarflexed as the action of these muscles in unopposed due to paralysis of the dorsiflexors.
Name 2 muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg.
Peroneal brevis and longus.
What are the actions of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the thigh?
Eversion and plantarflexion.
What do the tendons of peroneal brevis and longus pass posteriorly to in the foot?
The lateral malleolus.
What is the innervation to the muscles in the lateral compartment of the thigh?
Superficial peroneal nerve.
What is the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?
Anterior tibial artery.
What is the blood supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?
Peroneal artery.
What is the innervation to the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep peroneal nerve.
What is the innervation to the lateral compartment of the leg?
Superficial peroneal nerve.
