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Phase 1 - Anatomy > Anatomy - Anterior and Medial leg > Flashcards

Anatomy - Anterior and Medial leg Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main long bones in the lower limb?

A
  1. Femur (proximal). 2. Fibula (distal and lateral). 3. Tibia (distal and medial).
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2
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

The femoral nerve, L2-4.

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3
Q

What is the action of the majority of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Extension of the leg at the knee.

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4
Q

What is the origin of psoas major?

A

Transverse processes of T12-L5 vertebrae.

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5
Q

What is the origin of iliacus?

A

The iliac fossa and the pelvis.

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6
Q

Where does iliopsoas insert?

A

The lesser trochanter of the femur.

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7
Q

What is the innervation to psoas major?

A

Anterior rami of L1-3.

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8
Q

What is the innervation to iliacus?

A

Femoral nerve L2-4.

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9
Q

What is the action if iliopsoas?

A

Flexes the lower limb at the hip.

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10
Q

What muscles make up quadriceps femoris?

A
  1. Vastus medialis. 2. Vastus intermedius. 3. Vastus lateralis. 4. Rectus femoris.
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11
Q

What is the lower part of quadriceps femoris related to?

A

The suprapatellar bursa.

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12
Q

What attaches the patella to the tibia?

A

The patella ligament.

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13
Q

What is the action of the vasti muscles?

A

Extension at the knee.

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14
Q

What is the action of rectus femoris?

A

Extension at the knee and flexion at the hip.

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15
Q

What is the innervation of quadriceps femoris?

A

Femoral nerve, L2-4.

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16
Q

What is the origin of sartorius?

A

anterior superior iliac spines

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17
Q

What is the action of sartorious?

A

Flexion, abduction and lateral rotation at the hip. Flexion at the knee.

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18
Q

What is the innervation to sartorious?

A

Femoral nerve, L2-4.

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19
Q

How can you test the action of quadriceps femoris?

A

Ask the patient to extend their legs against resistance whilst lying in a supine position.

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20
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator, L2-4.

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21
Q

What is the action of the majority of the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Hip adductors.

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22
Q

Name the 5 muscles found in the medial compartment of the thigh.

A
  1. Gracilis. 2. Obturator externus. 3. Adductor brevis. 4. Adductor longus. 5. Adductor magnus.
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23
Q

Where do adductor brevis, adductor longus and adductor magnus originate and insert?

A

Origin: pubis. Insertion: medial femur.

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24
Q

What is the action of adductor brevis, adductor longus and adductor magnus.

A

Adduction of the thigh.

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25
Q

What is the innervation of adductor brevis, adductor longus and adductor magnus.

A

Obtruator nerve, L2-4.

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26
Q

What forms the superior border of the femoral triangle?

A

The inguinal ligament.

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27
Q

What muscle forms the medial border of the femoral triangle?

A

Adductor longus.

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28
Q

What muscle forms the lateral border of the femoral triangle?

A

Sartorious.

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29
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein and lymph nodes. NAV lateral to medial.

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30
Q

What is the femoral canal and what does it contain?

A

A potential space medial to the femoral vein. It contains lymph nodes.

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31
Q

Define hernia.

A

The protrusion of an organ through the wall of the cavity containing it.

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32
Q

What is a femoral hernia?

A

Protrusion of bowel into the femoral canal. This manifests as a bulge in the thigh.

33
Q

What is the subsartorial canal?

A

A passageway for vessels extending from the femoral triangle to the popliteal fossa at the back of the knee.

34
Q

What is the saphenous opening?

A

An opening in the fascia lacta pierced by the great saphenous vein.

35
Q

What is the surface marking for the saphenous opening?

A

4cm below and lateral to the pubic tubercle.

36
Q

What are the contents of the femoral sheath?

A

Femoral artery, veins and lymphatics.

37
Q

What is the surface marking for the femoral artery?

A

2cm below the mid-inguinal point.

38
Q

Where is the femoral artery pulsation palpable?

A

Below the mid-inguinal point.

39
Q

Name the arteries in between the aorta and the femoral artery?

A

Aorta -> common iliac arteries -> external iliac arteries -> femoral artery.

40
Q

Name the 2 main branches of the femoral artery.

A
  1. Profunda femoris artery. 2. Superficial femoral artery.
41
Q

Which veins join to become the common femoral vein?

A

The superficial femoral vein and the profunda femoris vein.

42
Q

Name all the major veins blood flows through from the femoral vein to the heart?

A

Femoral vein -> external iliac vein -> common iliac vein -> IVC -> heart.

43
Q

If you do a femoral puncture to take blood from the femoral vein, do you introduce the needle lateral or medial to the femoral arterial pulsation?

A

Medial. NAV therefore vein is medial to artery.

44
Q

What is the motor supply of the femoral nerve?

A

Anterior thigh compartment muscles.

45
Q

Which joints does the femoral nerve supply?

A

The hip and knee.

46
Q

What are the problems produced by weak quadriceps?

A

Difficulty walking downstairs.

47
Q

In what muscle is the obturator nerve formed?

A

Psoas major.

48
Q

Define referred pain.

A

Pain arising from one area but it’s felt elsewhere.

49
Q

Give an example of referred pain in the leg.

A

Medial thigh pain can be felt due to inflammation of the ovary irritating the obturator nerve.

50
Q

What is the femoral artery a continuation of?

A

The external iliac artery.

51
Q

When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

A

When it crosses under the inguinal ligament into the femoral triangle.

52
Q

What artery does the obturator arise from?

A

The internal iliac artery.

53
Q
A
54
Q
A
55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q

Name 3 muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg.

A
  1. Tibialis anterior. 2. Extensor digitorum longus. 3. Extensor hallucis longus.
58
Q

What are the actions of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Dorsiflexion and inversion. The extensors also extend the toes.

59
Q

Describe dorsiflexion.

A

Flexing the ankle joint so that the toes are brought closer to the shin.

60
Q

What is the innervation to the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep peroneal nerve (L4-5).

61
Q

What is the deep peroneal nerve a branch of?

A

The common peroneal nerve, which is a branch of the sciatic nerve.

62
Q

What is the action of tibialis anterior?

A

Dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot.

63
Q

Describe inversion of the foot.

A

Turning the ankle so that the plantar surface of the foot faces medially.

64
Q

What is the action of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes.

65
Q

What is the action of extensor hallucis longus?

A

Dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes.

66
Q

Where does extensor hallucis longus insert?

A

The great toe.

67
Q

What is the blood supply to the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery.

68
Q

What is the origin of extensor digitorum longus?

A

Lateral condyle of the tibia and medial fibula.

69
Q

What can cause foot drop?

A

Damage to the common peroneal nerve and so paralysis of the dorsiflexors.

70
Q

What is foot drop?

A

When the foot is permanently plantarflexed as the action of these muscles in unopposed due to paralysis of the dorsiflexors.

71
Q

Name 2 muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg.

A

Peroneal brevis and longus.

72
Q

What are the actions of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the thigh?

A

Eversion and plantarflexion.

73
Q

What do the tendons of peroneal brevis and longus pass posteriorly to in the foot?

A

The lateral malleolus.

74
Q

What is the innervation to the muscles in the lateral compartment of the thigh?

A

Superficial peroneal nerve.

75
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery.

76
Q

What is the blood supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Peroneal artery.

77
Q

What is the innervation to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep peroneal nerve.

78
Q

What is the innervation to the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial peroneal nerve.

Phase 1 - Anatomy (29 decks)

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