Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

school > anatomy and physiology > Flashcards

anatomy and physiology Flashcards

1
Q

what is anatomy

A

study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is physiology

A

study of the function of body parts and how they work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is gross or macroscopic anatomy

A

study of large visible structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the types of macroscopic anatomy and what are they

A

regional anatomy (structures in an area) and system anatomy (system duh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is microscopic anatomy

A

study of structures that can only be seen by microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is developmental anatomy

A

study of all structural changes (gross/macroscopic) from fertilization to postnatal stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the levels of structural organization

A

chemical
cellular
tissue
organ
organ system
organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the types of basic tissue

A

muscle
nervous
connective
epithelial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the standard anatomical position

A

standing forward with thumbs pointing out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the terms used to describe a body part that is above another vs one that is below

A

superior/cranial is above
inferior/caudal is lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does anterior/ventral mean

A

at the front of the body (stomach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does posterior/dorsal mean

A

at the back of the body (back)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does medial mean

A

at the middle of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does lateral mean

A

on the outer side of the body, away from middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does intermediate mean

A

between the outside and middle of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what does proximal mean

A

that the part is closer to the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb to the trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does distal mean

A

that the part is farther from the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb to the trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does superficial/external mean

A

towards or at the body surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does deep/internal mean

A

away from the body surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does cephalic refer to

A

head region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does cervical refer to

A

neck region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does thoracic refer to

A

region from neck to end of ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does abdominal refer to

A

region from ribs to abs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does pelvic refer to

A

region after abs and before genitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what does pubic refer to

A

genital region

26
Q

what does upper limb refer to

A

arm region

27
Q

what does manus refer to

A

hand region

28
Q

what does lower limb refer to

A

leg region

29
Q

what does pedal refer to

A

foot region

30
Q

what does dorsal refer to

A

back region

31
Q

what are the types of body planes

A

sagittal
coronal/frontal
transverse

32
Q

what is a sagittal plane

A

vertical cut into left and right
makes sagittal section
midsagittal/median when cut of body or organ is perfectly centered

33
Q

what is a transverse plane

A

horizontal cut
makes cross section

34
Q

what is a frontal/coronal plane

A

vertical cut into front and back
makes frontal/coronal section

35
Q

what are the two types of body cavities and their purpose

A

dorsal: protects nervous system
ventral: protects viscera/internal organs

36
Q

what separates body cavities

A

a lining called the serous membrane which lubricates the organs and prevents them from rubbing on each other

37
Q

what are the dorsal body cavities

A

cranial cavity (brain)
spinal/vertebral cavity (spinal cord)

38
Q

what are the ventral body cavities

A

thoracic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity (made up of abdominal and pelvic cavities)

39
Q

what separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

A

the diaphragm

40
Q

what are the subdivisions of the thoracic cavity

A

pleural cavities (each houses one lung)
mediastinum (between lungs)
pericardial cavity (encloses heart)

41
Q

what is the mediastinum

A

it contains organs such as the esophagus and trachea
contains the pericardial cavity

42
Q

what are the subdivisions of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

abdominal cavity (stomach, intestines, liver, spleen)
pelvic cavity (urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum)
they are not separated by a physical barrier

43
Q

what are the other body cavities

A

oral and digestive (mouth)
nasal (nose)
orbital (eyes)
middle ear (ears)
synovial (joints)

44
Q

how many organ systems are there in the human body

A

11
integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
respiratory
digestive
reproductive
urinary

45
Q

characteristics of integumentary system

A

hair, skin and nails
protects from injury and pathogens
regulates body temp. and prevents water loss
makes vitamin d
has sensory receptors

46
Q

characteristics of skeletal system

A

bones and joints
protects and supports body organs
provides muscle attachment for movement
blood cell formation in red bone marrow
stores minerals (calcium and phosphorous)

47
Q

what are the two subdivisions of the skeletal system

A

axial (top to bottom, head, trunk, spinal column)
appendicular (limbs and girdles)

48
Q

characteristics of the muscular system

A

skeletal muscles
locomotion, movement and facial expressions
maintains posture
produces heat

49
Q

characteristics of the nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord and nerves
control system
generates action potential to regulate body activities
detects changes in external and internal env. then responds accordingly

50
Q

characteristics of the endocrine system

A

pineal gland, pituitary glans, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas and ovary/testes
slower acting control system
releases hormones to regulate body activity

51
Q

characteristics of the cardiovascular system

A

heart and blood vessels
pumps blood that contains gases and nutrients
regulates pH and body temp.
can defend against disease

52
Q

characteristics of the lymphatic system

A

red bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct, spleen and lymph nodes
returns fluids and proteins to blood
carries lipids absorbed to blood
lymphocytes maturing structures

53
Q

characteristics of the respiratory system

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus and lungs
transfer gases
regulates pH
vocal cords

54
Q

characteristics of the digestive system

A

oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach, intestines, rectum and anus
breakdown of food
absorbs nutrients
eliminates solid waste

55
Q

characteristics of the urinary system

A

kidney, ureter, urinary bladder and urethra
eliminates nitrogenous waste
regulates volume and chemical composition of blood
regulates pH
produces hormone that regulates production of red blood cells

56
Q

characteristics of the reproductive system

A

female: mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina and uterine tube
ovaries produce eggs, estrogen and progesterone
male: prostate gland, penis, testis, ductus deferens and scrotum
testes produce sperm and testosterone

57
Q

what is a homeostatic imbalance

A

disease is a disturbance in homeostatic equilibrium

58
Q

what is required for homeostasis

A

receptor (responds to stimuli and sends info to control center)
control center (determines set point, analyzes info, determines response)
effector (responds to stimuli)

59
Q

what are the pathways of homeostasis

A

afferent (towards control center)
efferent (away from control center)

60
Q

what is the control center for body temp.

A

hypothalamus in the brain

61
Q

what is a hernia

A

when an organ shifts into a different body cavity

school (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions