Anatomy 8 - The Upper And Lower Limbs Flashcards
The bones of the upper limb
Clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpels, metacarpals and phalanges
Bones of the lower limb
Hip bone, fe,mur, patella, fibula, tibia, falls, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, cuneiforms, metatarsals and phalanges
What are the joints of the upper limb
Sternoclavicular, glenohumeral, elbow, proximal and distal radio-ulnar, wrist and intercarpel
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular
Saddle joint
Characteristics of the sternoclavicular joint
It is extremely strong and significantly mobile
Range of movement of the sternoclavicular joint
Flexion-extension and rotation
What does the sternoclavicular joint allow the upper limb to do
Carry out circumduction
What type of joint is the glendohumeral joint
Ball and socket synovial joint
Characteristics of th glendohumeral joint
Wide range of mobility but is relatively unstable
Range of movement of the glendohumeral joint
Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, medial-lateral rotation and circumduction
What type of joint is the elbow joint
A hinge synovial joint
Range of movement of the elbow joint
Flexion-extension
What type of joint is the proximal radio-ulnar joint
A pivot synovial joint
Range of movement of the proximal radio-ulnar joint
Medial and lateral rotation of the head of the radius on the ulna
What type of joint in the distal radio-ulnar joint
A pivot synovial joint
Range of movement of the distal radio-ulnar joint
Medial and lateral rotation of the radius around the fixed end of the ulna
What type of joint is the wrist joint
Condyloid synovial joint
Range of movement of the wrist joint
Flexion-extension and abduction-adduction
What type of joint are the intercarpel joints
Plane synovial joints
Range of motion of intercarpel joints
Flexion-extension and gliding motion
What are the joints of the lower limb
Hip, knee, ankle and foot
What does the hip joint for a connection between
Lower limb and the pelvic girdle
Characteristics of the hip joint
It is a strong, stable, multi-axial joint
What type of joint in the hip joint
Ball and socket synovial joint
Range of movement of the hip joint
Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, medial-lateral rotation and circumduction
What type of joint in the knee joint
Hinge synovial joint
Range of movement of the knee joint
Flexion-extension and also some gliding, rolling and rotation
What type of joint is the ankle joint
Hinge joint
Range of movements of the ankle joint
Doris-plantar flexion, abduction-adduction and inversion-version
What do the joints of the foot involve
The tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
What innervates the upper limb
The brachial plexus
Where does the brachial plexus begin
In the neck
What is the brachial plexus formed of
The last four cervical nerves (C5-C8) and the first thoracic nerve (T1)
What are the three trunks of the brachial plexus
The superior trunk, middle trunk and inferior trunk
What nerves make up the superior trunk
C5 and C6
What nerves make up the middle trunk
C7
What nerves make up the inferior trunk
C8 and T1
What are the branches of the supraclavicular branch of the brachial plexus
Dorsal scapular, the long thoracic, the suprascapular and subclavian
What are the branches of the infraclavicular branch of the brachial plexus
The lateral pectoral, medial cutaneous nerve of the arm, median cutaneous of the arm, ulnar, upper subscapular, lower subscapular, thoracodorsal, axillary and radial
What innervates the lower limb
The lumbosacral plexus
What is the lumbosacral plexus formed of
The first four lumbar nerves (l1-4) and contributions from the last thoracic nerve (T12)
What is the function of the lumbosacral plexus
To provide innervation to the pelvis and lower limb
What are the anterior axio-appendicular muscles (Upper Limb)
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, subclavius and serratus anterior
What are the posterior axio-appendicular muscles (UL)
SUPERFICIAL - Trapezius and altissimo
DEEP - Levator scapulae, rhomboid minor and rhomboid major
Muscles of the scapulohumeral
Deltoid and rotator cuff muscles
Muscles of the arm
Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis, triceps brachii and anconeus
Muscles of the anterior compartment off the forearm
FIRST LAYER - Pronation teres, flexor carpel radius, palmaris longus and flexor carpi ulnaris
INTERMEDIATE - flexor digitorium superficialis
DEEP - flexor digitorium profundus, flexor pollicis longus and pronation quadratus
Muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm
SUPERFICIAL - Brachiordialis, ECRL, ECRB, extensor digitorium, EDM and ECU
DEEP - Supinator and extensor indices
Intrinsic muscles of the hand
SCALES - Opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis, oblique head, transverse head, deep head, superficial head and adductor pollicis
HYPOTHENAR - Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis and opponens digit
SHORT - Lumbricals, dorsal interossei and palmar interossei
Veins of the upper limb are
Subclavian, axillary, basilica, cephallic, median cubital and median antebrachial
Major veins of the lower limb
Iliac, femoral, popliteal, tibial, greater saphenous and lesser saphenous
