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Second Year - Anatomy CA21007 > Anatomy 17 - The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Anatomy 17 - The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the integumentary system composed of

A

Skin and associated hair, nails, sensory receptors and sweat glands

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2
Q

Functions of the skin

A

Provides protection, helps maintain homeostasis, temperature control and provides sensory information

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3
Q

Three layers of the skin

A

The epidermis, dermis and hypodermis

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4
Q

What is the epidermis composed of

A

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

The dermis is made up of

A

Connective tissue

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6
Q

What does the hypodermis have

A

A rich blood supply and a fat layer

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7
Q

What do stratified epithelium protect against

A

Mechanical abrasion

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8
Q

What is the function of the keraatin in the epithelium

A

To prevent water loss

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9
Q

What does the continuos epithelium protect against

A

Microorgansims

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10
Q

What in the dermis proctets against stretching

A

Elastin and collagen fibres

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11
Q

How is temperature regulated

A

By blood flow, hair, fat and sweat glands

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12
Q

What are the different types of cell found within the epidermis

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhan cells and merkel cells

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13
Q

Function of keratinocytes

A

Produce keratin

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14
Q

Function of melaninocytes

A

To produce the pigemt melanin

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15
Q

What does melanin protect from

A

Damaging UV rays

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16
Q

Where do Langerhan cells originate from

A

Bone marrow

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17
Q

Function of Langerhan cells

A

Protect against microbes

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18
Q

Function of merkel cells

A

To contact the sensory receptors and detect touch sensation

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19
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis

A

Stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stadum lucidum and stratum corneum

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20
Q

What is the stratum basale

A

The deepest layer of columnar keratinocytes

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21
Q

What happens within the stratum granulosum

A

Keratinocytes gradually flatten and undergo apoptosis

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22
Q

Where is the stadum lucidum found

A

On the palms, fingertips and soles of the feet

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23
Q

What is the stratum corneum

A

The final layer of flattened dead keratinocytes

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24
Q

In which layer of the epidermis are new cells formed

A

Stratum basale

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25
Q

In which layer can stem cells be found

A

The stratum basale

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26
Q

In what layer of the skin are blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles and glands found

A

In the dermis

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27
Q

Where are epidermal ridges found

A

On the palms, fingertips and soles of the feet

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28
Q

What is degloving

A

When decomposition causes the epidermis and dermis to separate

29
Q

Melanin pigment that is yellow/red in colour

A

Phenomelanin

30
Q

Melanin pigment that is brown/black

A

Eumelanin

31
Q

What absorbs melanin

A

The keratinocytes

32
Q

A compete lack of melanin is known as

A

Albinism

33
Q

What are hemangiomas

A

Benign tumours of dermal blood capilaries

34
Q

What is a mole

A

An aggreagation of melanocytes

35
Q

Where does caretene concentrate

A

In the stratum corneum and subcutaneous fat layers

36
Q

What causes cyanosis

A

Deficiency of oxygen in the circulating blood

37
Q

What is erythma

A

A redness due to dilated cutaneous vessels

38
Q

What causes jaundice

A

An excess of bilirubin in the blood

39
Q

What is pallor

A

Paleness due to a lack of blood flow

40
Q

What is a haematoma

A

A bruise

41
Q

What cancer cells arise from the stratum basale

A

Basal cell carcinomas

42
Q

Where do basal cell carcinomas invade

A

The dermis

43
Q

How can basal cell carcinomas be treated

A

By radiation or by being surgically removed

44
Q

What cells do squamous cell carcinomas arise from

A

Keratinocytes

45
Q

What layer of skin do squamous cell carcinomas form in

A

Stratum spinosum

46
Q

What makes squamous cell carcinomas lethal

A

Metastitis to the lymph nodes

47
Q

What is the most deadly form of cancer

A

Malignant melanoma

48
Q

What do malignant melanomas arise from

A

Melanocytes of a pre-existing mole

49
Q

How can a malignant melanoma be identified

A

Asymmetry, border irregularity, colour mix, diamter ver 6mm - ABCD

50
Q

What causes acne vulgaris

A

Incread hormonal activity with excessive skin secretion

51
Q

Where does acne vulgaris affect

A

Face, chest, upper back and shoulders

52
Q

What is another name for decubitus ulcers

A

Bed sores

53
Q

What causes bed sores

A

When skin in close relation to bone has pressure constanlty applied to it so the blood vessels compress cause the tissue to be deprived of oxygen and nutrients

54
Q

What are warts

A

Benign epithelial tumours

55
Q

How are warts transmitted

A

Through direct contact

56
Q

What thickness are 1st degree burns

A

Partial thickness

57
Q

What thickness are 2nd degree burns

A

Partial thickness

58
Q

What thickness are 3rd degree burns

A

Full thickness

59
Q

How are thrid degree burns treated

A

By skin grafts

60
Q

What is an autograft

A

Tissue taken from a different part of the patient

61
Q

What is an isograft

A

Tissue taken from an identical twin

62
Q

What is a homograft

A

Tissue taken from an unrelated person

63
Q

What is a heterograft

A

Tissue taken from another species

64
Q

What can skin graft be taken from that is produced in the afterbirth

A

The amnion

65
Q

What is artificial skin made form

A

Silicon and collagen

66
Q

Burns that cover less than 10% of the body are classified as

A

Minor

67
Q

Burns that cover more than 15% of the body are classified as

A

Serious

68
Q

Burns that cover more than 20% of the body are classified as

A

Severe

Second Year - Anatomy CA21007 (18 decks)

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