Anatomy 17 - The Integumentary System Flashcards
What is the integumentary system composed of
Skin and associated hair, nails, sensory receptors and sweat glands
Functions of the skin
Provides protection, helps maintain homeostasis, temperature control and provides sensory information
Three layers of the skin
The epidermis, dermis and hypodermis
What is the epidermis composed of
Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
The dermis is made up of
Connective tissue
What does the hypodermis have
A rich blood supply and a fat layer
What do stratified epithelium protect against
Mechanical abrasion
What is the function of the keraatin in the epithelium
To prevent water loss
What does the continuos epithelium protect against
Microorgansims
What in the dermis proctets against stretching
Elastin and collagen fibres
How is temperature regulated
By blood flow, hair, fat and sweat glands
What are the different types of cell found within the epidermis
Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhan cells and merkel cells
Function of keratinocytes
Produce keratin
Function of melaninocytes
To produce the pigemt melanin
What does melanin protect from
Damaging UV rays
Where do Langerhan cells originate from
Bone marrow
Function of Langerhan cells
Protect against microbes
Function of merkel cells
To contact the sensory receptors and detect touch sensation
What are the layers of the epidermis
Stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stadum lucidum and stratum corneum
What is the stratum basale
The deepest layer of columnar keratinocytes
What happens within the stratum granulosum
Keratinocytes gradually flatten and undergo apoptosis
Where is the stadum lucidum found
On the palms, fingertips and soles of the feet
What is the stratum corneum
The final layer of flattened dead keratinocytes
In which layer of the epidermis are new cells formed
Stratum basale
In which layer can stem cells be found
The stratum basale
In what layer of the skin are blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles and glands found
In the dermis
Where are epidermal ridges found
On the palms, fingertips and soles of the feet
What is degloving
When decomposition causes the epidermis and dermis to separate
Melanin pigment that is yellow/red in colour
Phenomelanin
Melanin pigment that is brown/black
Eumelanin
What absorbs melanin
The keratinocytes
A compete lack of melanin is known as
Albinism
What are hemangiomas
Benign tumours of dermal blood capilaries
What is a mole
An aggreagation of melanocytes
Where does caretene concentrate
In the stratum corneum and subcutaneous fat layers
What causes cyanosis
Deficiency of oxygen in the circulating blood
What is erythma
A redness due to dilated cutaneous vessels
What causes jaundice
An excess of bilirubin in the blood
What is pallor
Paleness due to a lack of blood flow
What is a haematoma
A bruise
What cancer cells arise from the stratum basale
Basal cell carcinomas
Where do basal cell carcinomas invade
The dermis
How can basal cell carcinomas be treated
By radiation or by being surgically removed
What cells do squamous cell carcinomas arise from
Keratinocytes
What layer of skin do squamous cell carcinomas form in
Stratum spinosum
What makes squamous cell carcinomas lethal
Metastitis to the lymph nodes
What is the most deadly form of cancer
Malignant melanoma
What do malignant melanomas arise from
Melanocytes of a pre-existing mole
How can a malignant melanoma be identified
Asymmetry, border irregularity, colour mix, diamter ver 6mm - ABCD
What causes acne vulgaris
Incread hormonal activity with excessive skin secretion
Where does acne vulgaris affect
Face, chest, upper back and shoulders
What is another name for decubitus ulcers
Bed sores
What causes bed sores
When skin in close relation to bone has pressure constanlty applied to it so the blood vessels compress cause the tissue to be deprived of oxygen and nutrients
What are warts
Benign epithelial tumours
How are warts transmitted
Through direct contact
What thickness are 1st degree burns
Partial thickness
What thickness are 2nd degree burns
Partial thickness
What thickness are 3rd degree burns
Full thickness
How are thrid degree burns treated
By skin grafts
What is an autograft
Tissue taken from a different part of the patient
What is an isograft
Tissue taken from an identical twin
What is a homograft
Tissue taken from an unrelated person
What is a heterograft
Tissue taken from another species
What can skin graft be taken from that is produced in the afterbirth
The amnion
What is artificial skin made form
Silicon and collagen
Burns that cover less than 10% of the body are classified as
Minor
Burns that cover more than 15% of the body are classified as
Serious
Burns that cover more than 20% of the body are classified as
Severe
