Anatomy 12 - The Digestive System • The Foregut Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the digestive system start and finish

A

It starts at the oral cavity and ends at the anal opening

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2
Q

What is the digestive system composed of

A

A smooth muscle tube with regional modifications and associated organs

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3
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system

A

To breakdown food and fluid, absorb required nutrients and water, and a waste removal system

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4
Q

How are the abdominal sections split into the foregut, midgut and hindgut

A

They are split based on the blood supply

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5
Q

Where does digestion begin

A

In the oral cavity

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6
Q

What does the teeth and tongue help form food into

A

A bolus

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7
Q

Where does the bolus travel to after the oral cavity

A

The pharynx

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8
Q

After the pharynx where does the bolus travel

A

To the oesophagus

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9
Q

What does the salivary glands release

A

Amylase

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10
Q

What is the function of amylase

A

To begin the breakdown of starch

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11
Q

What is the oesophagus

A

A muscular tube

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12
Q

Where does the oesophagus start and finish

A

The oesophagus starts at the inferior constrict of the pharynx and ends at the stomach

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13
Q

What is the foregut composed of

A

The distal oesophagus, stomach, liver, spleen, proximal duodenum and the pancreas.

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14
Q

What supplies the foregut with blood

A

Branches of the coeliac axis

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15
Q

Where does the coeliac axis sit

A

At T12 level of the aorta

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16
Q

Where does blood from the foregut drain into

A

The hepatic portal vein

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17
Q

The stomach turns food with digestive acid to create

A

Chyme

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18
Q

What does chyme pass through to get to the duodenum

A

The pyloric valve

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19
Q

What are the folds inside the stomach known as

20
Q

How many layers of muscle make up the stomach

21
Q

What are the three layers of muscles in the stomach

A

Longitudinal, circular and oblique

22
Q

What is attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

The lesser omentum

23
Q

What is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach

A

The greater omentum

24
Q

What is the omentum composed of

A

Sheets of peritoneum with layers of fat and blood vessels between the sheets

25
Where is the liver located
Under the right hemisphere of the diaphragm
26
How many lobes are on the anterior section of the liver
Two
27
What are the anterior lobes of the liver
The left lobe and the right lobe
28
What is between the anterior left and right lobes of the liver
The falciform ligament
29
How many lobes are on the posterior section of the liver
Four
30
What are the four posterior lobes of the liver
The left lobe, the right lobe, the quadrate lobe and the caudate lobe
31
What other structures are found on the posterior of the liver
The inferior vena cava and the porta hepatis
32
What enters/exits the liver via the porta hepatis
The hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct
33
What is stored in the gall bladder
Bile produced by the stomach
34
What is the function of the gall bladder
To emulsify fats
35
If bile becomes concentrated in the gall bladder what can form
Gallstones
36
What are gallstones made of
Cholesterol and bile salts
37
Where can gallstones get stuck
In the cystic or bile ducts
38
What is the function of the spleen
To breakdown old red blood cells and form new immune T and B cells
39
What ribs protect the spleen
The 9. 10 and 11 left ribs
40
Where does the duodenum start and end
It starts at the pyloric valve and ends at the jejunum
41
What is the first part of the duodenum
The duodenal cap
42
What is the second part of the duodenum
The loop around the head of the pancreas, duodenal papilla entrance to the bile duct and pancreatic duct
43
What is the third part of the duodenum
The transverse section
44
What crosses the transverse section of the duodenum
The superior mesenteric vessels
45
What is the forth part of the duodenum
It ascends to join the jejunum
46
The duodenum is a junction between
The foregut and midgut