Anatomy 12 - The Digestive System • The Foregut Flashcards
Where does the digestive system start and finish
It starts at the oral cavity and ends at the anal opening
What is the digestive system composed of
A smooth muscle tube with regional modifications and associated organs
What are the functions of the digestive system
To breakdown food and fluid, absorb required nutrients and water, and a waste removal system
How are the abdominal sections split into the foregut, midgut and hindgut
They are split based on the blood supply
Where does digestion begin
In the oral cavity
What does the teeth and tongue help form food into
A bolus
Where does the bolus travel to after the oral cavity
The pharynx
After the pharynx where does the bolus travel
To the oesophagus
What does the salivary glands release
Amylase
What is the function of amylase
To begin the breakdown of starch
What is the oesophagus
A muscular tube
Where does the oesophagus start and finish
The oesophagus starts at the inferior constrict of the pharynx and ends at the stomach
What is the foregut composed of
The distal oesophagus, stomach, liver, spleen, proximal duodenum and the pancreas.
What supplies the foregut with blood
Branches of the coeliac axis
Where does the coeliac axis sit
At T12 level of the aorta
Where does blood from the foregut drain into
The hepatic portal vein
The stomach turns food with digestive acid to create
Chyme
What does chyme pass through to get to the duodenum
The pyloric valve
What are the folds inside the stomach known as
Rugae
How many layers of muscle make up the stomach
Three
What are the three layers of muscles in the stomach
Longitudinal, circular and oblique
What is attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach
The lesser omentum
What is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach
The greater omentum
What is the omentum composed of
Sheets of peritoneum with layers of fat and blood vessels between the sheets
Where is the liver located
Under the right hemisphere of the diaphragm
How many lobes are on the anterior section of the liver
Two
What are the anterior lobes of the liver
The left lobe and the right lobe
What is between the anterior left and right lobes of the liver
The falciform ligament
How many lobes are on the posterior section of the liver
Four
What are the four posterior lobes of the liver
The left lobe, the right lobe, the quadrate lobe and the caudate lobe
What other structures are found on the posterior of the liver
The inferior vena cava and the porta hepatis
What enters/exits the liver via the porta hepatis
The hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct
What is stored in the gall bladder
Bile produced by the stomach
What is the function of the gall bladder
To emulsify fats
If bile becomes concentrated in the gall bladder what can form
Gallstones
What are gallstones made of
Cholesterol and bile salts
Where can gallstones get stuck
In the cystic or bile ducts
What is the function of the spleen
To breakdown old red blood cells and form new immune T and B cells
What ribs protect the spleen
The 9. 10 and 11 left ribs
Where does the duodenum start and end
It starts at the pyloric valve and ends at the jejunum
What is the first part of the duodenum
The duodenal cap
What is the second part of the duodenum
The loop around the head of the pancreas, duodenal papilla entrance to the bile duct and pancreatic duct
What is the third part of the duodenum
The transverse section
What crosses the transverse section of the duodenum
The superior mesenteric vessels
What is the forth part of the duodenum
It ascends to join the jejunum
The duodenum is a junction between
The foregut and midgut
