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Second Year - Anatomy CA21007 > Anatomy 12 - The Digestive System • The Foregut > Flashcards

Anatomy 12 - The Digestive System • The Foregut Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the digestive system start and finish

A

It starts at the oral cavity and ends at the anal opening

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2
Q

What is the digestive system composed of

A

A smooth muscle tube with regional modifications and associated organs

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3
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system

A

To breakdown food and fluid, absorb required nutrients and water, and a waste removal system

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4
Q

How are the abdominal sections split into the foregut, midgut and hindgut

A

They are split based on the blood supply

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5
Q

Where does digestion begin

A

In the oral cavity

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6
Q

What does the teeth and tongue help form food into

A

A bolus

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7
Q

Where does the bolus travel to after the oral cavity

A

The pharynx

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8
Q

After the pharynx where does the bolus travel

A

To the oesophagus

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9
Q

What does the salivary glands release

A

Amylase

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10
Q

What is the function of amylase

A

To begin the breakdown of starch

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11
Q

What is the oesophagus

A

A muscular tube

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12
Q

Where does the oesophagus start and finish

A

The oesophagus starts at the inferior constrict of the pharynx and ends at the stomach

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13
Q

What is the foregut composed of

A

The distal oesophagus, stomach, liver, spleen, proximal duodenum and the pancreas.

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14
Q

What supplies the foregut with blood

A

Branches of the coeliac axis

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15
Q

Where does the coeliac axis sit

A

At T12 level of the aorta

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16
Q

Where does blood from the foregut drain into

A

The hepatic portal vein

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17
Q

The stomach turns food with digestive acid to create

A

Chyme

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18
Q

What does chyme pass through to get to the duodenum

A

The pyloric valve

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19
Q

What are the folds inside the stomach known as

A

Rugae

20
Q

How many layers of muscle make up the stomach

A

Three

21
Q

What are the three layers of muscles in the stomach

A

Longitudinal, circular and oblique

22
Q

What is attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

The lesser omentum

23
Q

What is attached to the greater curvature of the stomach

A

The greater omentum

24
Q

What is the omentum composed of

A

Sheets of peritoneum with layers of fat and blood vessels between the sheets

25
Q

Where is the liver located

A

Under the right hemisphere of the diaphragm

26
Q

How many lobes are on the anterior section of the liver

A

Two

27
Q

What are the anterior lobes of the liver

A

The left lobe and the right lobe

28
Q

What is between the anterior left and right lobes of the liver

A

The falciform ligament

29
Q

How many lobes are on the posterior section of the liver

A

Four

30
Q

What are the four posterior lobes of the liver

A

The left lobe, the right lobe, the quadrate lobe and the caudate lobe

31
Q

What other structures are found on the posterior of the liver

A

The inferior vena cava and the porta hepatis

32
Q

What enters/exits the liver via the porta hepatis

A

The hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct

33
Q

What is stored in the gall bladder

A

Bile produced by the stomach

34
Q

What is the function of the gall bladder

A

To emulsify fats

35
Q

If bile becomes concentrated in the gall bladder what can form

A

Gallstones

36
Q

What are gallstones made of

A

Cholesterol and bile salts

37
Q

Where can gallstones get stuck

A

In the cystic or bile ducts

38
Q

What is the function of the spleen

A

To breakdown old red blood cells and form new immune T and B cells

39
Q

What ribs protect the spleen

A

The 9. 10 and 11 left ribs

40
Q

Where does the duodenum start and end

A

It starts at the pyloric valve and ends at the jejunum

41
Q

What is the first part of the duodenum

A

The duodenal cap

42
Q

What is the second part of the duodenum

A

The loop around the head of the pancreas, duodenal papilla entrance to the bile duct and pancreatic duct

43
Q

What is the third part of the duodenum

A

The transverse section

44
Q

What crosses the transverse section of the duodenum

A

The superior mesenteric vessels

45
Q

What is the forth part of the duodenum

A

It ascends to join the jejunum

46
Q

The duodenum is a junction between

A

The foregut and midgut

Second Year - Anatomy CA21007 (18 decks)

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