Anatomy 4 - Intro to the Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Components of the axial skeleton

Answer 1

Cranium, vertebrae, hyoid, sternum and ribs

Question 2

Components of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpus, metacarpals, femur, phlanges, patella, tibia, fibula and metatarsals

Question 3

Where would you find compact bone tissue

Answer 3

The outer layer of all bones

Question 4

What type of bone is found on the inside of bones

Answer 4

Spongey or cancellous bone

Question 5

What is contained within cancellous bone

Answer 5

Trabeculae

Question 6

What are trabeculae

Answer 6

Lamellae that are arranged as rods or plates

Question 7

What is found between the trabeculae

Answer 7

Red bone marrow

Question 8

Different classes of bones

Answer 8

Long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone and sesamoid

Question 9

Characteristic of long bones

Answer 9

Their height is greater than their width

Question 10

Characteristic of a short bone

Answer 10

Usually pretty compact, their height and width are usually the same

Question 11

Example of a long bone

Answer 11

Humorous, phalanges and metacarpals

Question 12

Example of a short bone

Answer 12

The bones found in the wrist and ankle

Question 13

Characteristic of flat bones

Answer 13

They are thin sheets of bone

Question 14

Example of a flat bone

Answer 14

The side of the skull and the scapula

Question 15

Characteristic of an irregular bone

Answer 15

They dont have any… they’re irregular

Question 16

Example of an irregular bone

Answer 16

The vertebrae

Question 17

Characteristic of a sesamoid bone

Answer 17

They are embedded in a tendon

Question 18

Example of a sesamoid

Answer 18

The patella and the bone underneath the metatarsal (tarsal bone)

Question 19

Three classifications of joints

Answer 19

Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial

Question 20

Describe fibrous joints

Answer 20

Made up of fibrous material that connects the bones, exhibit little or no movement and have no joint cavity

Question 21

Describe cartilaginous joints

Answer 21

Made up of cartilage between the bones, they exhibit little or no movement and have no joint cavity

Question 22

Six sub classifications of synovial joints

Answer 22

Plane (gliding), condyloid, saddle, hinge, pivot and ball and socket

Question 23

Functions of muscles

Answer 23

Movement of the skeleton and organs, posture and body support and heat production

Question 24

The three muscle types are

Answer 24

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle

Question 25

Example of smooth muscle

Answer 25

The intestines

Question 26

Example of cardiac muscle

Answer 26

The heart

Question 27

Example of skeletal muscle

Answer 27

The biceps

Question 28

Three categories of muscles are

Answer 28

Fusiform, broad sheet and pennate

Question 29

Description of fusiform muscles

Answer 29

Tendon on each side with a belly of muscle in the middle

Question 30

Description of broad sheet muscles

Answer 30

Have flat sheet of tendon running along the length of them with muscle fibres coming off of one side

Question 31

The name for the flat sheet of tendon in broad sgheet muscles is

Answer 31

Aponeurosis

Question 32

Example of fusiform muscle

Answer 32

Biceps brachii

Question 33

Example of broad sheet muscle

Answer 33

External abdominal obliques

Question 34

Three types of pennate muscle

Answer 34

Unipennate, bipennate and multipennate

Question 35

Description of unipennate

Answer 35

Has a tendon running along the length of it with muscle fibres attached to one side

Question 36

Description of bipennate

Answer 36

Has a tendon running down the middle with muscle fibres coming off each side

Question 37

Description of multipennate

Answer 37

Has many tendons running through it with muscle fibres running diagonally from all the tendons

Question 38

Example of unipennate muscle

Answer 38

Flexor halluces longus

Question 39

Example of bipennate muscle

Answer 39

Rector femoris

Question 40

Example of multipennate muscle

Answer 40

Deltoid

Question 41

Prime movers/agonists definition

Answer 41

Muscles which move a joint

Question 42

Synergists definition

Answer 42

Assist work of prime movers

Question 43

Muscles who itch oppose the prime movers are known as

Answer 43

Antagonists

Question 44

What muscles contract to prov ide support, hold a joint in palace and maintain posture

Answer 44

Stabilisers/fixators

Question 45

Description of plane joints

Answer 45

Permit gliding and sliding, opposed surfaces of the bones are almost always flat and dithery have limited movement

Question 46

Description of hinge joints

Answer 46

Permit flexion and extension in the sagittal plane, joint capsules are thin and the bones are held strongly in place by collateral ligaments

Question 47

Description of saddle joints

Answer 47

Permit abduction, adduction, flexion and extension in the sagittal and frontal planes and circumduction can be performed

Question 48

Description of a condyloid joint

Answer 48

Permits flexion and extension as well as abduction and adduction, movement in one plane is greater than the other and can perform circumduction but not greatly

Question 49

Description of ball and socket joints

Answer 49

Allow for movement in multiple planes and axis, permit flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, medial and lateral rotation and circuumduction

Question 50

Description of pivot joints

Answer 50

Permits rotation around a central axis

Question 51

Which joints are uniaxial

Answer 51

Hinge joints and pivot joints

Question 52

Which joints are biaxial

Answer 52

Saddle joints and condyloid joints

Question 53

Which joints are multiaxial

Answer 53

Ball and socket joints

Question 54

What type of joints are nonaxial

Answer 54

Plane joints

Question 55

Example of plane joint

Answer 55

Acromioclavicular (between the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula)

Question 56

Example of hinge joint

Answer 56

Elbow joint

Question 57

Example of saddle joint

Answer 57

Carpo-metacarpal joint (joint at the base of the thumb)

Question 58

Example of condyloid joint

Answer 58

Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle joints)

Question 59

Example of ball and socket joint

Answer 59

Hip joint

Question 60

Example of pivot joint

Answer 60

Atlanto-axial joint (C1 and C2 vertebrae)

Question 61

Draw and label a synovial joint

Answer 61

- Bony articular surface - Hyaline cartilage - Ligaments (inelastic, tough, provide stability, attached to bones surrounding joints) - Capsule (surrounds joint) - Synovial membrane (surrounds joint, lines capsule, secretes synovial fluid) - Joint cavity (contains synovial fluid)