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Second Year - Anatomy CA21007 > Anatomy 4 - Intro to the Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Anatomy 4 - Intro to the Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the axial skeleton

A

Cranium, vertebrae, hyoid, sternum and ribs

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2
Q

Components of the appendicular skeleton

A

Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpus, metacarpals, femur, phlanges, patella, tibia, fibula and metatarsals

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3
Q

Where would you find compact bone tissue

A

The outer layer of all bones

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4
Q

What type of bone is found on the inside of bones

A

Spongey or cancellous bone

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5
Q

What is contained within cancellous bone

A

Trabeculae

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6
Q

What are trabeculae

A

Lamellae that are arranged as rods or plates

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7
Q

What is found between the trabeculae

A

Red bone marrow

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8
Q

Different classes of bones

A

Long bone, short bone, flat bone, irregular bone and sesamoid

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9
Q

Characteristic of long bones

A

Their height is greater than their width

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10
Q

Characteristic of a short bone

A

Usually pretty compact, their height and width are usually the same

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11
Q

Example of a long bone

A

Humorous, phalanges and metacarpals

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12
Q

Example of a short bone

A

The bones found in the wrist and ankle

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13
Q

Characteristic of flat bones

A

They are thin sheets of bone

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14
Q

Example of a flat bone

A

The side of the skull and the scapula

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15
Q

Characteristic of an irregular bone

A

They dont have any… they’re irregular

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16
Q

Example of an irregular bone

A

The vertebrae

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17
Q

Characteristic of a sesamoid bone

A

They are embedded in a tendon

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18
Q

Example of a sesamoid

A

The patella and the bone underneath the metatarsal (tarsal bone)

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19
Q

Three classifications of joints

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial

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20
Q

Describe fibrous joints

A

Made up of fibrous material that connects the bones, exhibit little or no movement and have no joint cavity

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21
Q

Describe cartilaginous joints

A

Made up of cartilage between the bones, they exhibit little or no movement and have no joint cavity

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22
Q

Six sub classifications of synovial joints

A

Plane (gliding), condyloid, saddle, hinge, pivot and ball and socket

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23
Q

Functions of muscles

A

Movement of the skeleton and organs, posture and body support and heat production

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24
Q

The three muscle types are

A

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle

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25
Q

Example of smooth muscle

A

The intestines

26
Q

Example of cardiac muscle

A

The heart

27
Q

Example of skeletal muscle

A

The biceps

28
Q

Three categories of muscles are

A

Fusiform, broad sheet and pennate

29
Q

Description of fusiform muscles

A

Tendon on each side with a belly of muscle in the middle

30
Q

Description of broad sheet muscles

A

Have flat sheet of tendon running along the length of them with muscle fibres coming off of one side

31
Q

The name for the flat sheet of tendon in broad sgheet muscles is

A

Aponeurosis

32
Q

Example of fusiform muscle

A

Biceps brachii

33
Q

Example of broad sheet muscle

A

External abdominal obliques

34
Q

Three types of pennate muscle

A

Unipennate, bipennate and multipennate

35
Q

Description of unipennate

A

Has a tendon running along the length of it with muscle fibres attached to one side

36
Q

Description of bipennate

A

Has a tendon running down the middle with muscle fibres coming off each side

37
Q

Description of multipennate

A

Has many tendons running through it with muscle fibres running diagonally from all the tendons

38
Q

Example of unipennate muscle

A

Flexor halluces longus

39
Q

Example of bipennate muscle

A

Rector femoris

40
Q

Example of multipennate muscle

A

Deltoid

41
Q

Prime movers/agonists definition

A

Muscles which move a joint

42
Q

Synergists definition

A

Assist work of prime movers

43
Q

Muscles who itch oppose the prime movers are known as

A

Antagonists

44
Q

What muscles contract to prov ide support, hold a joint in palace and maintain posture

A

Stabilisers/fixators

45
Q

Description of plane joints

A

Permit gliding and sliding, opposed surfaces of the bones are almost always flat and dithery have limited movement

46
Q

Description of hinge joints

A

Permit flexion and extension in the sagittal plane, joint capsules are thin and the bones are held strongly in place by collateral ligaments

47
Q

Description of saddle joints

A

Permit abduction, adduction, flexion and extension in the sagittal and frontal planes and circumduction can be performed

48
Q

Description of a condyloid joint

A

Permits flexion and extension as well as abduction and adduction, movement in one plane is greater than the other and can perform circumduction but not greatly

49
Q

Description of ball and socket joints

A

Allow for movement in multiple planes and axis, permit flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, medial and lateral rotation and circuumduction

50
Q

Description of pivot joints

A

Permits rotation around a central axis

51
Q

Which joints are uniaxial

A

Hinge joints and pivot joints

52
Q

Which joints are biaxial

A

Saddle joints and condyloid joints

53
Q

Which joints are multiaxial

A

Ball and socket joints

54
Q

What type of joints are nonaxial

A

Plane joints

55
Q

Example of plane joint

A

Acromioclavicular (between the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula)

56
Q

Example of hinge joint

A

Elbow joint

57
Q

Example of saddle joint

A

Carpo-metacarpal joint (joint at the base of the thumb)

58
Q

Example of condyloid joint

A

Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle joints)

59
Q

Example of ball and socket joint

A

Hip joint

60
Q

Example of pivot joint

A

Atlanto-axial joint (C1 and C2 vertebrae)

61
Q

Draw and label a synovial joint

A
  • Bony articular surface
  • Hyaline cartilage
  • Ligaments (inelastic, tough, provide stability, attached to bones surrounding joints)
  • Capsule (surrounds joint)
  • Synovial membrane (surrounds joint, lines capsule, secretes synovial fluid)
  • Joint cavity (contains synovial fluid)

Second Year - Anatomy CA21007 (18 decks)

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