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Second Year - Anatomy CA21007 > Anatomy 10 - Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Anatomy 10 - Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissue consists of cells embedded in

A

Large quantities of extracellular matrix

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2
Q

The extracellular matrix is composed of

A

Protein fibres, amorphous ground substance and tissue fluid

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3
Q

What are the two categories of connective tissue

A

Soft connective tissue and hard connective tissue

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4
Q

Examples of soft connective tissue

A

Tendons, ligaments, mesentery, stroma of organs and dermis of skin

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5
Q

Examples of hard connective tissue

A

Bone and cartilage

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6
Q

How is the type of connective tissue determined

A

By the type and relative amount if cells and the extracellular matrix

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7
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A

Space filler, mechanical support, attachment, protection, highway for nutrients and innervation, fat store, calcium store and the site of many immunological defence reactions

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8
Q

What are the resident cells of connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts, adipose cells, osteocytes and chondrocytes

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9
Q

What are osteocytes

A

The cells of bones

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10
Q

What are chondrocytes

A

The cells of cartilage

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11
Q

What do fibroblasts produce/maintain

A

The extracellular matrix

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12
Q

What cell is involved in tissue repair

A

Fibroblasts

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13
Q

Types of fibres found within the extracellular matrix

A

Reticular and elastic fibres

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14
Q

What is ground substance

A

An amorphous, space occupying material made of huge unbranched polysaccharide molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

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15
Q

What are GAGs bound to

A

Protein cores

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16
Q

What is a GAG bound to a protein core called

A

Glycoprotein

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17
Q

What is the function of adipose cells

A

Release fatty acid into the bloodstream to provide energy for other cells

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18
Q

Most common type of connective tissue

A

Loose CT

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19
Q

Characteristics of loose CT

A

Loosely packed fibres separated by abundant ground substances

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20
Q

Characteristics of dense CT

A

It is made up of densely packed bundles of collagen fibres

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21
Q

If the fibres of dense CT are aligned it is known as

A

Dense regular CT

22
Q

Example of dense regular CT

A

Tendon

23
Q

If in dense CT the fibre bundles run in many directions it is known as

A

Dense irregular CT

24
Q

Example of dense irregular CT

A

Dermis of the skin

25
Q

Characteristics of cartilage

A

It is semi-rigid, consists of scattered cells surrounded by an amorphous appearing extracellular matrix, it is deformable, permeable, cells are nourished by diffusion and they grow appositional and interstitially

26
Q

Characteristics of bone

A

It is rigid, non-permeable, the cells within the bone are nourished by blood vessels that provide the matrix and they grow appositionally only

27
Q

Functions of bone

A

Provide support, act as levers for movement, protection, calcium store and the site of haemopoiesis

28
Q

What are the three types of cartilage

A

Hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage

29
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found

A

Articular surfaces, tracheal rings, costal cartilage, epiphyseal growth plates and is the precursor to bone in the foetus

30
Q

What is found in the extracellular matrix of elastic cartilage

A

Elastic fibres

31
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found

A

In the pinna of the ear, epiglottis and auditory tube

32
Q

What is fibrocartilage made up of

A

Dense regular CT, islands of cartilage cells and cartilage matrix

33
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found

A

In the intervertebral discs, where tendons insert into bones and in the pubic symphysis

34
Q

Cartilage surrounded by connective tissue is called

A

The perichondrium

35
Q

What are the layers of the perichondrium

A

An outer layer of dense CT and associated fibroblasts

An inner chondrogenic layer

36
Q

What does the outer layer of the perichondrium provide

A

Support

37
Q

What does the inner layer of the perichondrium provide

A

It supplies nutrients to the whole of the cartilage

38
Q

What is bone comprised of

A

Water, collagen, non-collagen proteins and calcium hydroxyapatite crystals

39
Q

What do osteoblasts secrete

A

Collagen, GAGs, proteoglycans and other organic compounds

40
Q

What are the secretions of the osteoblasts collectively known as

A

Osteoid

41
Q

Function of osteoblasts

A

Bone forming cells found on the surface of developing bone

42
Q

What are osteocytes

A

Bone cells trapped within the bone matrix

43
Q

What are osteoclasts

A

Large, multinucleated cells found on the surface of bone

44
Q

Function of osteoclasts

A

Bone reabsorption

45
Q

What are osteoprogenitor cells

A

They are located on the surface of bones and serve as a pool of reserve osteoblasts

46
Q

Inactive periosteum

A

No bone is being formed

47
Q

Active periosteum

A

New bone is being formed

48
Q

What happens to osteoprogenitor when new bone is being formed

A

They proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts

49
Q

What is the endosteum

A

A thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the surface of bony tissue

50
Q

Functions of the endosteum

A

Repair, remodel and grow bone

Second Year - Anatomy CA21007 (18 decks)

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