Anatomy 15 - Respiratory System Flashcards
What does the respiratory system allow for
Inspiration, gas exchange and expiration
What does it take in and give out
It takes in oxygen and gives out carbon dioxide
What is the respiratory tract composed of
The nasal canal, hard palate, choana, soft palate, nostrils, epiglottis, glottis, phatynx, larynx, oesophagus, trachea, lung, pleura cavity and bronchi
Functions of the nasal cavity
To filter, warm and moisten the air
What lies within the nasal cavity
The concha
What are the three concha
The superior, middle and inferior concha
What are the concha
Folds of tissue on the lateral wall of the nasal fossa
What are the concha covered in
Mucous
What are the functions of the concha
To create turbulance with the air passing through and warm the blood
How is the air in the nasal cavity warmed
Through capillaries in the concha being close to the surface
What are the narrow passages between the concha known as
Meatuses
What are the para-nasal sinuses
Air filled spaces within the skull
Functions of the para-nasal sinuses
To lighten the skull and produce mucous
What do the nasal cavity and para-nasal sinuses allow for in relation to sound production
Resonance
What are the three sections of the pharynx
The nasopharyns, oropharynx and the laryngopharynx
What is the larynx
The vocal box
How does the larynx produced sound
Through vibrations of the vocal folds
What is the trachea composed of
C-shaped cartilage
Which direction does the cartilage of the trachea face
Anteriorly
What connects the edges of the cartilage within the trachea
Small muscles
When the trachea bifurcates what does it give
The left and right main bronchi
What are the vital organs of respiration
The lungs
Main function of the lungs
To oxygenate blood
What are the two pleura of the lungs
Parietal and visceral
What does the parietal pleura line
The pulmonary cavity
What are the different sections of the parietal cavity
Cervical, costal, diaphragmatic and mediastinal
What does the visceral pleura cover
The surface of the lungs
WHat is the pulmonary ligament
The sleeve of pleura that hangs down below the lung root
What are the different branches of the bronchi
Main, lober and segmental
What do the bronchioles lack
Cartilage
How many lober bronchi are in the right lung
Three
How many lober bronchi are in the left lung
Two
Main function of the bronchi
To transport air
What are the respiratory surfaces within the lungs
The alveoli
What are alveoli
Air-filled sacs that are in close association with capilaries of the lung
What is the larynx composed of
Epiglottic cartilage, thyroid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage and cricoid carilage
What makes up the Adams apple
Thyroid cartilage
What happens when the thyroid cartilage expands
The vocal folds expands which causes the voice to deepen
What carilage connects the larynx to the trachea
Cricoid cartilage
What two cartilages form a synovial joint
Arytenoid and cricoid cartilage
What type of crtilage is the epiglottic caertilage
Elastic
What is the epiglottic cartilage involved in
Closing of the respiratory tract
What are the vocal folds attached to anteriorly
The thyroid cartilage
What are the vocal fold attached to posteriorly
The arytenoid cartilage
What is the range of movement of the vocal folds
Abduction and adduction
What are the principle adductors of the vocal folds
The lateral crico-arytenoid muscles
In what direction do the lateral crico-arytenoid muscle pull the vocal folds
Anteriorly
What other muscles help in the action of adduction of the vocal folds
The transverse/oblique arytenoid muscles
What are sole abductors of the vocal folds
The posterior crico-arytenoid muscles
In which direction does the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles pull the vocal folds
Posteriorly
Whare does the trachea sit relative to the oesophagus
The trachea sits anteriorly to the trachea
What do the muscles in the trachea allow for
They allow for a bolus to pass through the oesophagus without the trachea being damaged
What are the tree surfaces of the lungs
Costal, diaphragmatic and mediastinal
Which is the largest surface of the lung
The costal
What is inferior to the lungs
The diaphragm
How many lobes does the left lung have
Two
How many lobes does the right lung have
Three
What are the lobes of the left and right lungs
Left - Superior and inferior
Right - Superior, middle and inferior
What separates the superior and inferior lobes
The oblique fissure
What separates the superior and middle lobes
The horizontal fissure
What are the impressions present on the left lung
Cardiac, arch of the aorta and the descending aorta
What are the impressions present on the right lung
Oespohageal and superior vena cava
What is found within the lung hilum
Pulmonary arteries, bronchial vessels, broncho-pulmonary lymph node and the different lober bronchi
What is most posterior in the lung hilum
The bronchus
What is the bronchus composed of
Cartilage
Where does gas exchange occur
Between the alveoli and the capilaries within the walls of the alveoli
What happens to structures in the thorax during inspiration
The sternum moves anteriorly and superiorly, the lower ribcage moves laterally and the diaphragm decends
What is the primary muscle of inspiration at rest
The diaphragm
What muscles are involved in raising the ribcage
The external intercostal muscles
What muscles are involved in lowering the ribcage
The interal intercostal and the innermost intercostal muslces
What accessory muscles are involved in inspiration
The scalenes, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid and erector spinae muscles
