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Second Year - Anatomy CA21007 > Anatomy 15 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

Anatomy 15 - Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the respiratory system allow for

A

Inspiration, gas exchange and expiration

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2
Q

What does it take in and give out

A

It takes in oxygen and gives out carbon dioxide

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3
Q

What is the respiratory tract composed of

A

The nasal canal, hard palate, choana, soft palate, nostrils, epiglottis, glottis, phatynx, larynx, oesophagus, trachea, lung, pleura cavity and bronchi

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4
Q

Functions of the nasal cavity

A

To filter, warm and moisten the air

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5
Q

What lies within the nasal cavity

A

The concha

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6
Q

What are the three concha

A

The superior, middle and inferior concha

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7
Q

What are the concha

A

Folds of tissue on the lateral wall of the nasal fossa

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8
Q

What are the concha covered in

A

Mucous

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9
Q

What are the functions of the concha

A

To create turbulance with the air passing through and warm the blood

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10
Q

How is the air in the nasal cavity warmed

A

Through capillaries in the concha being close to the surface

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11
Q

What are the narrow passages between the concha known as

A

Meatuses

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12
Q

What are the para-nasal sinuses

A

Air filled spaces within the skull

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13
Q

Functions of the para-nasal sinuses

A

To lighten the skull and produce mucous

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14
Q

What do the nasal cavity and para-nasal sinuses allow for in relation to sound production

A

Resonance

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15
Q

What are the three sections of the pharynx

A

The nasopharyns, oropharynx and the laryngopharynx

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16
Q

What is the larynx

A

The vocal box

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17
Q

How does the larynx produced sound

A

Through vibrations of the vocal folds

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18
Q

What is the trachea composed of

A

C-shaped cartilage

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19
Q

Which direction does the cartilage of the trachea face

A

Anteriorly

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20
Q

What connects the edges of the cartilage within the trachea

A

Small muscles

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21
Q

When the trachea bifurcates what does it give

A

The left and right main bronchi

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22
Q

What are the vital organs of respiration

A

The lungs

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23
Q

Main function of the lungs

A

To oxygenate blood

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24
Q

What are the two pleura of the lungs

A

Parietal and visceral

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25
What does the parietal pleura line
The pulmonary cavity
26
What are the different sections of the parietal cavity
Cervical, costal, diaphragmatic and mediastinal
27
What does the visceral pleura cover
The surface of the lungs
28
WHat is the pulmonary ligament
The sleeve of pleura that hangs down below the lung root
29
What are the different branches of the bronchi
Main, lober and segmental
30
What do the bronchioles lack
Cartilage
31
How many lober bronchi are in the right lung
Three
32
How many lober bronchi are in the left lung
Two
33
Main function of the bronchi
To transport air
34
What are the respiratory surfaces within the lungs
The alveoli
35
What are alveoli
Air-filled sacs that are in close association with capilaries of the lung
36
What is the larynx composed of
Epiglottic cartilage, thyroid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage and cricoid carilage
37
What makes up the Adams apple
Thyroid cartilage
38
What happens when the thyroid cartilage expands
The vocal folds expands which causes the voice to deepen
39
What carilage connects the larynx to the trachea
Cricoid cartilage
40
What two cartilages form a synovial joint
Arytenoid and cricoid cartilage
41
What type of crtilage is the epiglottic caertilage
Elastic
42
What is the epiglottic cartilage involved in
Closing of the respiratory tract
43
What are the vocal folds attached to anteriorly
The thyroid cartilage
44
What are the vocal fold attached to posteriorly
The arytenoid cartilage
45
What is the range of movement of the vocal folds
Abduction and adduction
46
What are the principle adductors of the vocal folds
The lateral crico-arytenoid muscles
47
In what direction do the lateral crico-arytenoid muscle pull the vocal folds
Anteriorly
48
What other muscles help in the action of adduction of the vocal folds
The transverse/oblique arytenoid muscles
49
What are sole abductors of the vocal folds
The posterior crico-arytenoid muscles
50
In which direction does the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles pull the vocal folds
Posteriorly
51
Whare does the trachea sit relative to the oesophagus
The trachea sits anteriorly to the trachea
52
What do the muscles in the trachea allow for
They allow for a bolus to pass through the oesophagus without the trachea being damaged
53
What are the tree surfaces of the lungs
Costal, diaphragmatic and mediastinal
54
Which is the largest surface of the lung
The costal
55
What is inferior to the lungs
The diaphragm
56
How many lobes does the left lung have
Two
57
How many lobes does the right lung have
Three
58
What are the lobes of the left and right lungs
Left - Superior and inferior | Right - Superior, middle and inferior
59
What separates the superior and inferior lobes
The oblique fissure
60
What separates the superior and middle lobes
The horizontal fissure
61
What are the impressions present on the left lung
Cardiac, arch of the aorta and the descending aorta
62
What are the impressions present on the right lung
Oespohageal and superior vena cava
63
What is found within the lung hilum
Pulmonary arteries, bronchial vessels, broncho-pulmonary lymph node and the different lober bronchi
64
What is most posterior in the lung hilum
The bronchus
65
What is the bronchus composed of
Cartilage
66
Where does gas exchange occur
Between the alveoli and the capilaries within the walls of the alveoli
67
What happens to structures in the thorax during inspiration
The sternum moves anteriorly and superiorly, the lower ribcage moves laterally and the diaphragm decends
68
What is the primary muscle of inspiration at rest
The diaphragm
69
What muscles are involved in raising the ribcage
The external intercostal muscles
70
What muscles are involved in lowering the ribcage
The interal intercostal and the innermost intercostal muslces
71
What accessory muscles are involved in inspiration
The scalenes, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid and erector spinae muscles

Second Year - Anatomy CA21007 (18 decks)

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