Anatomy 13 - The Digestive System • The Midgut and Hindgut

Question 1

What comprises the digestive system in the abdomen and pelvis

Answer 1

The jejunum, ileum, caecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, defending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal

Question 2

What arteries supply the midgut and hindgut

Answer 2

The anterior branches of the abdominal aorta and the pelvic artery

Question 3

What are the branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 3

The superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric

Question 4

What does the pelvic artery supply blood to

Answer 4

The lower rectum and anal canal

Question 5

What veins drain the midgut and hindgut

Answer 5

The hepatic portal veins

Question 6

What is the peritoneum

Answer 6

The lining of the abdominal cavity

Question 7

What does the peritoneum do

Answer 7

It holds the organs to the abdominal wall and also creates a smooth environment for the organs

Question 8

The structures found within the peritoneum are known as

Answer 8

Intraperitoneal structures

Question 9

What are structures stuck to the posterior abdominal wall known as

Answer 9

The retroperitoneal structures

Question 10

Where does the midgut start and end

Answer 10

It starts at the distal duodenum and end 2/3rds along the transverse colon

Question 11

The structures within the midgut are supplied blood from

Answer 11

The superior mesenteric

Question 12

Where does the superior mesenteric sit

Answer 12

At L1 level of the aorta

Question 13

What veins does blood from the midgut drain into

Answer 13

The superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein

Question 14

The jejunum and ileum are part of

Answer 14

The small intestine

Question 15

The ileum joins the caecum at

Answer 15

The ileo-caecal junction

Question 16

What are the jejunum and ileum suspend from

Answer 16

The posterior abdominal wall

Question 17

What suspends the jejunum and ileum

Answer 17

Mesentery

Question 18

What is the main function of the jejunum and ileum

Answer 18

To absorb nutrients

Question 19

Where are Peyer’s patches found

Answer 19

In the ileum

Question 20

What are Peyer’s pathes

Answer 20

Isolated lymphoid immune tissue

Question 21

Function of Peyer’s patches

Answer 21

They are involved in the development of immunity to antigens present in the small intestine

Question 22

What is the caecum part of

Answer 22

The large intestine

Question 23

What is the small outgrowth from the caecum called

Answer 23

The appendix

Question 24

If the appendix becomes inflamed this is known as

Answer 24

Appendicitis

Question 25

The removal of an appendix is known as an

Answer 25

Appendectomy

Question 26

Where does the ascending colon end

Answer 26

At the hepatic flexure

Question 27

What are the functions of the large intestine

Answer 27

The absorption of nutrient and water

Question 28

What are tenure coli

Answer 28

Longitudinal muscle bands

Question 29

What are haustra

Answer 29

Sacculations

Question 30

What are appendices epiplocae

Answer 30

Fatty tags

Question 31

Where does the hindgut start and finish

Answer 31

It starts at the splenic flexure and ends at the anal canal

Question 32

What is the hindgut composed of

Answer 32

Distal transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and the anal canal

Question 33

What supplies blood to the hindgut

Answer 33

The inferior mesenteric

Question 34

Where does the inferior mesenteric sit

Answer 34

It sits at L3 level of the aorta

Question 35

Where is blood from the hindgut drained to

Answer 35

Blood up to the mid-rectum is drained into the portal vein and blood from the distal rectum drains directly into the inferior vena cava

Question 36

Where does the descending colon start and finish

Answer 36

It starts at the splenic flexure and ends at the sigmoid colon

Question 37

What does the sigmoid colon pass over

Answer 37

The pelvic brim

Question 38

Where does the rectum begin and end

Answer 38

It starts at the sigmoid colon and ends at the anal canal

Question 39

The rectum acts as a junction between

Answer 39

The portal and systemic drainage of the intestine

Question 40

Where is the anal canal

Answer 40

In the pelvis

Question 41

What is the anal canal composed of

Answer 41

Smooth muscle and skeletal muscle sphincters

Question 42

What do the skeletal muscle sphincters of the anal canal allow for

Answer 42

Voluntary control of deification