Anatomy 13 - The Digestive System • The Midgut and Hindgut Flashcards
What comprises the digestive system in the abdomen and pelvis
The jejunum, ileum, caecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, defending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal
What arteries supply the midgut and hindgut
The anterior branches of the abdominal aorta and the pelvic artery
What are the branches of the abdominal aorta
The superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric
What does the pelvic artery supply blood to
The lower rectum and anal canal
What veins drain the midgut and hindgut
The hepatic portal veins
What is the peritoneum
The lining of the abdominal cavity
What does the peritoneum do
It holds the organs to the abdominal wall and also creates a smooth environment for the organs
The structures found within the peritoneum are known as
Intraperitoneal structures
What are structures stuck to the posterior abdominal wall known as
The retroperitoneal structures
Where does the midgut start and end
It starts at the distal duodenum and end 2/3rds along the transverse colon
The structures within the midgut are supplied blood from
The superior mesenteric
Where does the superior mesenteric sit
At L1 level of the aorta
What veins does blood from the midgut drain into
The superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein
The jejunum and ileum are part of
The small intestine
The ileum joins the caecum at
The ileo-caecal junction
What are the jejunum and ileum suspend from
The posterior abdominal wall
What suspends the jejunum and ileum
Mesentery
What is the main function of the jejunum and ileum
To absorb nutrients
Where are Peyer’s patches found
In the ileum
What are Peyer’s pathes
Isolated lymphoid immune tissue
Function of Peyer’s patches
They are involved in the development of immunity to antigens present in the small intestine
What is the caecum part of
The large intestine
What is the small outgrowth from the caecum called
The appendix
If the appendix becomes inflamed this is known as
Appendicitis
The removal of an appendix is known as an
Appendectomy
Where does the ascending colon end
At the hepatic flexure
What are the functions of the large intestine
The absorption of nutrient and water
What are tenure coli
Longitudinal muscle bands
What are haustra
Sacculations
What are appendices epiplocae
Fatty tags
Where does the hindgut start and finish
It starts at the splenic flexure and ends at the anal canal
What is the hindgut composed of
Distal transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and the anal canal
What supplies blood to the hindgut
The inferior mesenteric
Where does the inferior mesenteric sit
It sits at L3 level of the aorta
Where is blood from the hindgut drained to
Blood up to the mid-rectum is drained into the portal vein and blood from the distal rectum drains directly into the inferior vena cava
Where does the descending colon start and finish
It starts at the splenic flexure and ends at the sigmoid colon
What does the sigmoid colon pass over
The pelvic brim
Where does the rectum begin and end
It starts at the sigmoid colon and ends at the anal canal
The rectum acts as a junction between
The portal and systemic drainage of the intestine
Where is the anal canal
In the pelvis
What is the anal canal composed of
Smooth muscle and skeletal muscle sphincters
What do the skeletal muscle sphincters of the anal canal allow for
Voluntary control of deification
