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Second Year - Anatomy CA21007 > Anatomy 5 - The Skull > Flashcards

Anatomy 5 - The Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the skull

A

Support and protect; the brain, cranial nerves, organs of special sense, beginning of respiratory and alimentary tract.

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2
Q

Bones of the neurocranium

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, ethmoid and sphenoid

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3
Q

Bones of the viscerocranium

A

Nasal, lacrimal, maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, hyoid, palatine, inferior conchae and the vomer

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4
Q

What does the neurocrainium house

A

The brain

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5
Q

What does the viscerocranium house

A

Soft tissue and it also allows for attachment of the muscles of facial expression

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6
Q

What is within the upper viscerocranium

A

The orbits and the nose

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7
Q

What is within the lower viscerocranium

A

The mandible and the hyoid

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8
Q

Characteristics of the hyoid

A

It doesn’t articulate with any other bones and is fully embedded in soft tissue

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9
Q

What bone forms most of the back wall of the orbit

A

The sphenoid

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10
Q

What does the sphenoid articulate with

A

The occipital

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11
Q

What does the parietal articulate with

A

The frontal, occipital, temporal and sphenoid

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12
Q

What bone makes up the inner medial wall of the orbit

A

The ethmoid

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13
Q

What are cranial sutures

A

Articulation between bones of the cranium which are initially open but may fuse with time

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14
Q

Where does the coronal suture sit

A

Between the frontal and parietal bones

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15
Q

What suture splits the skull anteriorly and posteriorly

A

The coronal suture

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16
Q

Where does the sagittal suture cut

A

It runs between the two parietals

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17
Q

Describe the squamosal suture

A

It is flat, runs along the temporal and parietal and the bones overlap

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18
Q

Where is the metopic suture

A

Between the left and right frontal (only present in children)

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19
Q

If the metopic suture is still present in adults it is known as

A

A retained metopic suture

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20
Q

Where does the basilar suture cut

A

Between the occipital and sphenoid bones

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21
Q

When does the basilar suture fuse

A

Between 16 and 18 years old

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22
Q

Where are the para-nasal sinuses found

A

On either side of your nose

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23
Q

Where is the maxillary sinus

A

At the top of the head

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24
Q

What is the characteristic of the frontal sinus

A

It has a unique pattern

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25
Q

Where is the sphenoid sinus located

A

Just below the pituitary

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26
Q

What do the eyes sit in

A

The orbits

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27
Q

How many bones make up the orbits

A

Seven

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28
Q

What is in the extra space in the oribit

A

Fat

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29
Q

Movement of the eye is controlled by

A

Six extrinsic muscles

30
Q

What are fontanelles

A

Fibrous tissue separations between the flat bones of the neurocranium

31
Q

What is the function of fontanelles

A

To allow for growth of the neurocranium

32
Q

When does the frontal fontanelle close

A

By 18-24 months old

33
Q

Where is the anterior cranial fossa and what does it contain

A

It sits just above the orbits and contains the frontal lobe

34
Q

Where is the middle cranial fossa and what does it contain

A

Sits just above the nose and contains the temporal lobes

35
Q

Where is the posterior cranial fossa and what does it contain

A

It sits below the nose and contains the cerebellum, medulla and pons.

36
Q

What is the posterior cranial fossa part of

A

The inter-cranial cavity

37
Q

Where is the posterior cranial fossa in the intercranial cavity located

A

Between the foramen magnum and tentorium cerebelli

38
Q

Dentition - medial

A

Towards the midline

39
Q

Dentition - distal

A

Away from the midline

40
Q

Dentition - labial

A

Towards the lips

41
Q

Dentition - buccal

A

Towards the cheeks

42
Q

Dentition - lingual

A

Towards the teeth

43
Q

How many teeth are in a complete set of permanent dentition

A

32

44
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression controlled by

A

The facial nerve CN VII

45
Q

What are sphincter

A

Rings of muscles surrounding and serving to guard or close an opening or a tube

46
Q

What are the sphincter on the face

A

The lips and the eyelids

47
Q

How many muscles make up the muscles of mastication

A

4

48
Q

What are the three elevators of the mandible

A

Masseter, temporalis and the medial pterygoid

49
Q

The one depressor of the mandible is the

A

Lateral pterygoid

50
Q

What nerve are the muscles of mastication controlled by

A

The trigeminal nerve CN V

51
Q

What are the five layers of the scalp

A

Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose areolar connective tissue and Pericranium = SCALP

52
Q

Characteristics of the scalp

A

Highly vascularised and has extensive anastomoses between the vessels

53
Q

Where does the arterial supply for the scalp come from

A

Arteries in the neck and inteercranial arteries

54
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves

A

Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, (spinal) accessory and hypoglossal
OLd OPen OCeans TRoubled TRIbesmen ABout Fish VEnom Giving Very ACute Headaches

55
Q

What are the three region of the ear

A

The external, middle and internal ear

56
Q

What is within the temporal bone

A

The middle and inner ear

57
Q

What are the three inner ear ossicles

A

Malleus, incus and stapes

58
Q

Function of olfactory nerve

A

It is a sensory nerve involved with smell

59
Q

Function of optic nerve

A

It is a sensory nerve involved in vision

60
Q

Function of the oculomotor nerve

A

It is a motor nerve that controls eye movemnt, eyelid opening, pupillary constriction and lens accomidation

61
Q

Function of the trochlear nerve

A

It is a motor nerve and is involved in the superior oblique muscle of the eye

62
Q

Function of the trigeminal nerve

A

It is a sensory nerve involved in facial sensation and somatosensation to anterior 2/3 of tounge
it is a motor nerve involved in the opening and closing of the jaw

63
Q

Function of abducens nerve

A

It is a motor nerve involved in lateral rectus muscle of the eye

64
Q

Function of facial nerve

A

It is a sensory nerve involved in taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tounge
It is a motor nerve involved in facial expression, lacrimation and salivation

65
Q

What is the vestibuocochlear nerve made up of

A

It is made up if the vestibular sensory nerve and the cochlear sensory nerve

66
Q

Function of the vestibular nerve

A

It is involved in equilibrium motion

67
Q

Function of the cochlear nerve

A

It is involved in hearing

68
Q

Function of the glossopharengeal nerve

A

It is a sensory nerve involved in somatosenation and taste to posterior 2/3 of the tounge
It is a motor nerve involved in swallowing

69
Q

Function of vagus nerve

A

It is a sensory nerve involed in the tase of the epiglottis

It is a motor nerve involved in swallowing, talking and coughing

70
Q

Function of the spinal accessory nerve

A

It is a motor nerve involved with the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius (shoulder shrugging and head turning)

71
Q

Function of the hypoglossal nerve

A

It is a motor nerve involved in all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Second Year - Anatomy CA21007 (18 decks)

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