Anatomy 5 - The Skull Flashcards
Functions of the skull
Support and protect; the brain, cranial nerves, organs of special sense, beginning of respiratory and alimentary tract.
Bones of the neurocranium
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, ethmoid and sphenoid
Bones of the viscerocranium
Nasal, lacrimal, maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, hyoid, palatine, inferior conchae and the vomer
What does the neurocrainium house
The brain
What does the viscerocranium house
Soft tissue and it also allows for attachment of the muscles of facial expression
What is within the upper viscerocranium
The orbits and the nose
What is within the lower viscerocranium
The mandible and the hyoid
Characteristics of the hyoid
It doesn’t articulate with any other bones and is fully embedded in soft tissue
What bone forms most of the back wall of the orbit
The sphenoid
What does the sphenoid articulate with
The occipital
What does the parietal articulate with
The frontal, occipital, temporal and sphenoid
What bone makes up the inner medial wall of the orbit
The ethmoid
What are cranial sutures
Articulation between bones of the cranium which are initially open but may fuse with time
Where does the coronal suture sit
Between the frontal and parietal bones
What suture splits the skull anteriorly and posteriorly
The coronal suture
Where does the sagittal suture cut
It runs between the two parietals
Describe the squamosal suture
It is flat, runs along the temporal and parietal and the bones overlap
Where is the metopic suture
Between the left and right frontal (only present in children)
If the metopic suture is still present in adults it is known as
A retained metopic suture
Where does the basilar suture cut
Between the occipital and sphenoid bones
When does the basilar suture fuse
Between 16 and 18 years old
Where are the para-nasal sinuses found
On either side of your nose
Where is the maxillary sinus
At the top of the head
What is the characteristic of the frontal sinus
It has a unique pattern
Where is the sphenoid sinus located
Just below the pituitary
What do the eyes sit in
The orbits
How many bones make up the orbits
Seven
What is in the extra space in the oribit
Fat
Movement of the eye is controlled by
Six extrinsic muscles
What are fontanelles
Fibrous tissue separations between the flat bones of the neurocranium
What is the function of fontanelles
To allow for growth of the neurocranium
When does the frontal fontanelle close
By 18-24 months old
Where is the anterior cranial fossa and what does it contain
It sits just above the orbits and contains the frontal lobe
Where is the middle cranial fossa and what does it contain
Sits just above the nose and contains the temporal lobes
Where is the posterior cranial fossa and what does it contain
It sits below the nose and contains the cerebellum, medulla and pons.
What is the posterior cranial fossa part of
The inter-cranial cavity
Where is the posterior cranial fossa in the intercranial cavity located
Between the foramen magnum and tentorium cerebelli
Dentition - medial
Towards the midline
Dentition - distal
Away from the midline
Dentition - labial
Towards the lips
Dentition - buccal
Towards the cheeks
Dentition - lingual
Towards the teeth
How many teeth are in a complete set of permanent dentition
32
What are the muscles of facial expression controlled by
The facial nerve CN VII
What are sphincter
Rings of muscles surrounding and serving to guard or close an opening or a tube
What are the sphincter on the face
The lips and the eyelids
How many muscles make up the muscles of mastication
4
What are the three elevators of the mandible
Masseter, temporalis and the medial pterygoid
The one depressor of the mandible is the
Lateral pterygoid
What nerve are the muscles of mastication controlled by
The trigeminal nerve CN V
What are the five layers of the scalp
Skin, Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose areolar connective tissue and Pericranium = SCALP
Characteristics of the scalp
Highly vascularised and has extensive anastomoses between the vessels
Where does the arterial supply for the scalp come from
Arteries in the neck and inteercranial arteries
What are the 12 cranial nerves
Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, (spinal) accessory and hypoglossal
OLd OPen OCeans TRoubled TRIbesmen ABout Fish VEnom Giving Very ACute Headaches
What are the three region of the ear
The external, middle and internal ear
What is within the temporal bone
The middle and inner ear
What are the three inner ear ossicles
Malleus, incus and stapes
Function of olfactory nerve
It is a sensory nerve involved with smell
Function of optic nerve
It is a sensory nerve involved in vision
Function of the oculomotor nerve
It is a motor nerve that controls eye movemnt, eyelid opening, pupillary constriction and lens accomidation
Function of the trochlear nerve
It is a motor nerve and is involved in the superior oblique muscle of the eye
Function of the trigeminal nerve
It is a sensory nerve involved in facial sensation and somatosensation to anterior 2/3 of tounge
it is a motor nerve involved in the opening and closing of the jaw
Function of abducens nerve
It is a motor nerve involved in lateral rectus muscle of the eye
Function of facial nerve
It is a sensory nerve involved in taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tounge
It is a motor nerve involved in facial expression, lacrimation and salivation
What is the vestibuocochlear nerve made up of
It is made up if the vestibular sensory nerve and the cochlear sensory nerve
Function of the vestibular nerve
It is involved in equilibrium motion
Function of the cochlear nerve
It is involved in hearing
Function of the glossopharengeal nerve
It is a sensory nerve involved in somatosenation and taste to posterior 2/3 of the tounge
It is a motor nerve involved in swallowing
Function of vagus nerve
It is a sensory nerve involed in the tase of the epiglottis
It is a motor nerve involved in swallowing, talking and coughing
Function of the spinal accessory nerve
It is a motor nerve involved with the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius (shoulder shrugging and head turning)
Function of the hypoglossal nerve
It is a motor nerve involved in all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
