Anatomy 14 - The Urogenital System Flashcards
What is the urinary system composed of
The kidneys, ureter, bladder and urethra
What are the main functions of the urinary system
To filter the blood, conserve/release water and ions, create and store urine, and release urine as a waste product
Function of the kidneys
To filter the blood to create urine
How do the kidneys filter the blood
Thought the removal of excess water, slats and waste products of protein metabolism from the blood
What surrounds the kidneys
A capsule
What sits at the apex of the kidneys
The supra-renal glands
Where does the renal vessels and ureter enter/exit the kidney from
The hilus
Where does the renal artery come from
The aorta
Where doe the renal veins drain into
The inferior vena cava
Where does filtration of the blood occur
In the medulla
What makes up the kidney cells
The cortex and the medulla
What is the path of urine thought the kidney
Medulla -> small collecting ducts -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter
What are the kidneys surrounded by
Perirenal fat pads
What supplies the suprarenal glands
The suprarenal vessels
What are the suprarenal glands involved in
Endocrine functions
What are the ureters
Smooth muscle tubes passing from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder
Where is the starting point of the ureter
L1
Where does the urinary bladder sit
Behind the pubic bone
What pushes the bladder forward
The peritoneum
What is the function of the bladder
To be a urine store
What lines the bladder
Containment epithelia
What drains the bladder
The urethra
What is the urethra
A muscular tube that passes from the pelvic cavity into the perineum
Characteristics of the female urethra
3-4 cm long, straight tube and the urinary and genital tracts are completely separate
Characteristics of the male urethra
Longer than females and the urinary and genial tracts are united
What are urinary stones also known as
Caculi
Where can urinary stones be found
Kidneys, ureter or bladder
What is the male reproductive system composed of
Testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland and the penis
Where do the testes develop
In the abdominal cavity
Why do the testes drop into the scrotum
As it is too warm within the abdominal cavity for spermatogenesis to occur
What do the testes descend through to get to the scrotum
The inguinal canal
Where does the sperm mature
The epididymis
What does the vas deferens connect
The testes and the pelvic cavity
What does the vas deferens carry
Sperm
What do the seminal vesicle and prostate gland release
Fluid that supports the sperm
What is found within the fluid released by the seminal vesicles
Fructose
What does sperm use fructose as
An energy source
What joins the duct of the seminal vesicles to the ejaculatory duct
The vas deferens
What is the penis composed of
Erectile tissue
What is the female reproductive system composed of
Ovaries, uterine (fallopian) tubes, uterus and vagina
What do the ovaries release
The ovum
Where does the ovum pass into from the ovaries
The uterine tube
What occurs in the uterine tube
Fertilisation
What occurs in the uterus
Implantation
If implantation occurs in the uterine tubes or the peritoneal cavity the pregnancy is likely to become
Etopic
What is the uterus composed of
Epimetrium, myometrium and endometrium
If no implantation occur what is shed
The endometrium lining
What is the outside of the uterus covered in
The peritoneum
What is the opening of the vagina surrounded by
Erectile tissue
What does the vagina pass through
The pelvic floor, also known as the urogenital diaphragm
What is the vagina
A muscular tube
