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Second Year - Anatomy CA21007 > Anatomy 14 - The Urogenital System > Flashcards

Anatomy 14 - The Urogenital System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the urinary system composed of

A

The kidneys, ureter, bladder and urethra

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2
Q

What are the main functions of the urinary system

A

To filter the blood, conserve/release water and ions, create and store urine, and release urine as a waste product

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3
Q

Function of the kidneys

A

To filter the blood to create urine

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4
Q

How do the kidneys filter the blood

A

Thought the removal of excess water, slats and waste products of protein metabolism from the blood

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5
Q

What surrounds the kidneys

A

A capsule

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6
Q

What sits at the apex of the kidneys

A

The supra-renal glands

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7
Q

Where does the renal vessels and ureter enter/exit the kidney from

A

The hilus

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8
Q

Where does the renal artery come from

A

The aorta

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9
Q

Where doe the renal veins drain into

A

The inferior vena cava

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10
Q

Where does filtration of the blood occur

A

In the medulla

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11
Q

What makes up the kidney cells

A

The cortex and the medulla

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12
Q

What is the path of urine thought the kidney

A

Medulla -> small collecting ducts -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter

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13
Q

What are the kidneys surrounded by

A

Perirenal fat pads

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14
Q

What supplies the suprarenal glands

A

The suprarenal vessels

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15
Q

What are the suprarenal glands involved in

A

Endocrine functions

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16
Q

What are the ureters

A

Smooth muscle tubes passing from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder

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17
Q

Where is the starting point of the ureter

A

L1

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18
Q

Where does the urinary bladder sit

A

Behind the pubic bone

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19
Q

What pushes the bladder forward

A

The peritoneum

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20
Q

What is the function of the bladder

A

To be a urine store

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21
Q

What lines the bladder

A

Containment epithelia

22
Q

What drains the bladder

A

The urethra

23
Q

What is the urethra

A

A muscular tube that passes from the pelvic cavity into the perineum

24
Q

Characteristics of the female urethra

A

3-4 cm long, straight tube and the urinary and genital tracts are completely separate

25
Q

Characteristics of the male urethra

A

Longer than females and the urinary and genial tracts are united

26
Q

What are urinary stones also known as

A

Caculi

27
Q

Where can urinary stones be found

A

Kidneys, ureter or bladder

28
Q

What is the male reproductive system composed of

A

Testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland and the penis

29
Q

Where do the testes develop

A

In the abdominal cavity

30
Q

Why do the testes drop into the scrotum

A

As it is too warm within the abdominal cavity for spermatogenesis to occur

31
Q

What do the testes descend through to get to the scrotum

A

The inguinal canal

32
Q

Where does the sperm mature

A

The epididymis

33
Q

What does the vas deferens connect

A

The testes and the pelvic cavity

34
Q

What does the vas deferens carry

A

Sperm

35
Q

What do the seminal vesicle and prostate gland release

A

Fluid that supports the sperm

36
Q

What is found within the fluid released by the seminal vesicles

A

Fructose

37
Q

What does sperm use fructose as

A

An energy source

38
Q

What joins the duct of the seminal vesicles to the ejaculatory duct

A

The vas deferens

39
Q

What is the penis composed of

A

Erectile tissue

40
Q

What is the female reproductive system composed of

A

Ovaries, uterine (fallopian) tubes, uterus and vagina

41
Q

What do the ovaries release

A

The ovum

42
Q

Where does the ovum pass into from the ovaries

A

The uterine tube

43
Q

What occurs in the uterine tube

A

Fertilisation

44
Q

What occurs in the uterus

A

Implantation

45
Q

If implantation occurs in the uterine tubes or the peritoneal cavity the pregnancy is likely to become

A

Etopic

46
Q

What is the uterus composed of

A

Epimetrium, myometrium and endometrium

47
Q

If no implantation occur what is shed

A

The endometrium lining

48
Q

What is the outside of the uterus covered in

A

The peritoneum

49
Q

What is the opening of the vagina surrounded by

A

Erectile tissue

50
Q

What does the vagina pass through

A

The pelvic floor, also known as the urogenital diaphragm

51
Q

What is the vagina

A

A muscular tube

Second Year - Anatomy CA21007 (18 decks)

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