Anatomy 16 - Anatomy and Histology of the Nervous System

Question 1

Nerves that take information to the brain are known as

Answer 1

Afferent nerves

Question 2

Nerve that take informatoin from the brain are known as

Answer 2

Efferent nerves

Question 3

What is the nervous system composed of

Answer 3

The central nervous system and the periperal nervous system

Question 4

What is the function of the nervous system

Answer 4

To control and coordinate the function of organ systems

Question 5

What are the three membranous layers that cover the brain

Answer 5

The pia mater, the arichnoid mater and the dura mater

Question 6

What are the three membranous lyaers that cover the brain known as

Answer 6

The meninges

Question 7

What surrounds and protects the CNs

Answer 7

The meninges and the ceribrospinal fluid

Question 8

What is the innermost meningal covering

Answer 8

The pia mater

Question 9

What is the middle meningal covering

Answer 9

The arichnoid mater

Question 10

What is the outermst meningal covering

Answer 10

The dura mater

Question 11

What is the dura mater intimately related to

Answer 11

The internal aspect o the bone surrounding the neurocranium

Question 12

What separates the dura mater from the surrounding bone in the vertebral column

Answer 12

A fat filled epidural space

Question 13

What are the main arteries that supply the brain

Answer 13

The common carotid, external carotid, internal carotid and vertebral arteries

Question 14

What is formed when the vertebral arteries join

Answer 14

The basilar artery

Question 15

What arteries come from the bifurcation of the basilar artery

Answer 15

The anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Question 16

What arises from the external carotid artery

Answer 16

the middle meningeal artery

Question 17

Where does the middle meningeal artery enter the skull

Answer 17

Through the foramen spinosum

Question 18

What drains blood from the brain

Answer 18

The dural venous sinuses

Question 19

Where do the dural venous sinuses drain blood into

Answer 19

The internal jugular vein

Question 20

What veins drain the head

Answer 20

The anterior jugular, external jugular, internal jugular, vertebral and retromandibular veins

Question 21

What are the brain and spinal cord composed of

Answer 21

Grey matter and white matter

Question 22

Where are the nerve cell bodies found

Answer 22

Within the grey matter

Question 23

Where are the interconnecting fibre tract systems found

Answer 23

Within the white matter

Question 24

What is held within the grey matter

Answer 24

Neurons, cell processes, synapses and support cells

Question 25

What is held within the white matter

Answer 25

Axons and their support cells

Question 26

What is the appearance of the grey matter in the spinal cord

Answer 26

An h-shaped area

Question 27

What is the outer layer of matter in the spinal cord

Answer 27

White matter

Question 28

What are the two principle cells of the nervous system

Answer 28

Neurons and glial cells

Question 29

Functions of neurons

Answer 29

Recieve information, integrate he information and then transmit electrical impulses to another neuron/effector cell

Question 30

What are the four tyes of glial cells

Answer 30

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and ependymal cells

Question 31

What glial cells have many processes and are usually star-shaped

Answer 31

Astrocytes

Question 32

Function of astrocytes

Answer 32

Support, maintaining the blod-brain barrier and environmental homeostasis

Question 33

What type of ytissue is not found within the CNS

Answer 33

Conective tissue

Question 34

Function of oligodendrocytes

Answer 34

Produce myelin but only in the CNS

Question 35

Function of microglia

Answer 35

They are involved in immune monitoring and antigen presentation

Question 36

WHat are cuboidal/columnar epithelium

Answer 36

Ependymal cells

Question 37

Principle roles of the CNS

Answer 37

To integrate and coordinate incoming and outgoing nerual signals and to carry out higher mental function

Question 38

What systems are found within the brain

Answer 38

Somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system and endocrine functions

Question 39

In the CNS a collection of nerve cell bodies is known as

Answer 39

A nucleus

Question 40

In the CNS a bundle of fibres is known as

Answer 40

Tracts

Question 41

What is the function of bundles of fibres within the CNS

Answer 41

To connect the nuclei

Question 42

What does the PNS consist of

Answer 42

Nerve fibres and cell bodies that lie outside the CNS

Question 43

What makes up a nerve of the PNS

Answer 43

A cell body with a nucleus, an axon and a myelin sheath

Question 44

Nerves that leave the cranium are known as

Answer 44

Cranial nerves

Question 45

Nerve that leave the vertebral column are known as

Answer 45

Spinal nerves

Question 46

Within the PNS cell body aggregations constitue a

Answer 46

Ganglion

Question 47

Within the PNS what do a bundle of fibres, the connective tissue and blood vessels serving it constitue

Answer 47

A nerve

Question 48

What constitues the autonomic nervous sytem

Answer 48

Motor fibres

Question 49

What does the ANS stimulate

Answer 49

Smooth muscle, modified cardiac muscle and glandular cells

Question 50

What are the two systems of the ANS

Answer 50

The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

Question 51

Where are the cell bodies of presynaptic nerurons of the sympathetic system found

Answer 51

In the nuclei of the spinal cord/the intermedoilateral cell columns

Question 52

Where are the cell bodies of the postsynaptic neurones of the smpathetic system found

Answer 52

The paravertebral ganglia and the prevertebral ganglia

Question 53

Where is the paravertebral ganglia

Answer 53

The left and right synaptic trunks on each side of the vertebral column

Question 54

Where is the prevertebral ganglia

Answer 54

In the plexus that surround the origins of the main branches of the abdominal aorta

Question 55

What is the primary function of the symapthetic system

Answer 55

To regulate blod vessels

Question 56

Presynaptic parasympathetic nerve fibres that exit the CNS with cranial nerves are known as

Answer 56

Cranial parasympathetic outflow

Question 57

Presynaptic parasympathetic nerve fibres that exit through the anterior roots of the sacral spinal nerves and pelvic splanchic nerves are known as

Answer 57

Sacral parasympathetic outflow

Question 58

What type of system is the sympathetic system

Answer 58

Catabolic

Question 59

What type of system is the parasympathetic system

Answer 59

Anabolic/homeostatic