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Second Year - Anatomy CA21007 > Anatomy 2 -Cardiovascular System • The Heart > Flashcards

Anatomy 2 -Cardiovascular System • The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Location of the heart

A

In the mediastinum between the lungs

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2
Q

The base of the heart is what portion? And located where?

A

It is the broad superior portion and is located behind the rest of the heart

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3
Q

The heart tapers to a point known as…

A

The apex

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4
Q

The apex is what portion of the heart?

A

The inferior portion

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5
Q

The four chambers of the heart are

A

The right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle

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6
Q

System related to the right side of the heart

A

Pulmonary system

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7
Q

What side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood?

A

The right side

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8
Q

Blood from the right side of the heart goes where and undergoes what?

A

It goes to the lungs and undergoes gas exchange

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9
Q

What system is related to the left side of the heart?

A

The systemic system

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10
Q

What side of the heart contains oxygenated blood?

A

The left side

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11
Q

The internal features of the heart are

A

The pericardium and the heart wall

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12
Q

What makes up the pericardium and the heart wall

A

Pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium, myocardium and endocardium

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13
Q

Fibrous pericardium function

A

Allows the heart to beat in a frictionless motion

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14
Q

Serous pericardium function

A

Lines the sac, covers the heart and allows the heart to beat in a smooth motion

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15
Q

What is the myocardium

A

A thick muscular layer which is part off the fibrous skeleton

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16
Q

What is the endocardium

A

The smooth lining of the heart

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17
Q

What is the fossa ovalis

A

A thumb shaped impression on the right atrium

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18
Q

What was the function of the fossa ovalis

A

It was an opening during development that allowed direct blood flow from the right to the left atrium because the lungs were not developed

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19
Q

Muscular ridges in the atrium are known as

A

Masculi pectinati

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20
Q

Muscular ridges in the ventricles are known as

A

Trabecular carneae

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21
Q

Rounded muscular projections found in the ventricles are known as

A

Papillary muscles

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22
Q

Function of the chordae tendineae

A

Muscles attached along the edges of the valves to prevent the vales from opening up under high pressure

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23
Q

External features of the heart

A

Superior vena cava, ascending aorta, right auricle, right atrium, right ventricle, inferior vena cava, apex of the heart, left ventricle, left auricle, left atria, pulmonary trunk, left pulmonary artery, left pulmonary veins, coronary sinus, right pulmonary artery, right pulmonary veins and the arch of the aorta

24
Q

What does the pulmonary trunk branch into

A

The pulmonary artery

25
Q

What arteries supply the heart with blood

A

The coronary arteries. The left coronary artery branches into the circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular branch

26
Q

Veins that drain the heart tissue

A

The cardiac veins

27
Q

What are the three cardiac veins

A

The great, the middle and the small

28
Q

Where is the great cardiac vein located

A

The anterior aspect of the heart

29
Q

Where are the middle and small cardiac veins located

A

On the posterior aspect of the heart.

30
Q

What vessels return blood to the coronary sinus

A

The middle and small cardiac veins

31
Q

Where are the valves located

A

Behind the sternum

32
Q

Left atrium valve is

A

Bicuspid

33
Q

Right atrium valve is

A

Tricuspid

34
Q

The semi-lunar valves are the

A

Pulmonary and aortic valves

35
Q

Function of valves

A

To make sure blood flows smoothly and there is no back flow of blood

36
Q

What muscles stop the valves from opening under high pressure

A

Papillary muscles

37
Q

Where can the aortic valve closing be heard

A

2nd intercostal space on the right

38
Q

Where can the tricuspid valve be heard closing

A

5th intercostal space on the right

39
Q

Where can the pulmonary valve be heard closing

A

2nd intercostal space on the left

40
Q

Where can the mitral valve (apex) be heard closing

A

5th intercostal space in the left, 3 fingers from the midline

41
Q

What is the cardiac cycle made up of

A

One complete contraction and relaxation of all chambers of the heart

42
Q

What occurs together during the cardiac cycle

A

Atrial systole and ventricular diastole

Atrial diastole and ventricular systole

43
Q

Myogenic cells can

A

Generate their own heart beat

44
Q

What is the heart beat regulated by

A

The cardiac conduction system

45
Q

Components of the cardiac conduction system

A

SA node, a fibrous skeleton, AV node, AV bundle, purkinjie fibres and right and left bundle branches

46
Q

What is the pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

47
Q

Function of the fibrous skeleton

A

Insulates the atria from the ventricles

48
Q

Function of the AV node

A

It is a small bundle in the right atrium and communicates with the AV bundle

49
Q

What is the pathway for signals produced from the AV node

A

AV bundle

50
Q

Function of the right and left bundle branches

A

They are divisions of the AV bundle that enter the interventicular septum and descend the apex

51
Q

What is the heart rate measured from

A

The pulse

52
Q

Normal heart rate for infants, young female adult and young male adult

A

Infant - 120 bmp
YFA - 72-80 bmp
YMA - 64-72 bmp

53
Q

Where is blood pressure measured

A

The brachial artery

54
Q

Normal blood pressure value

A

120/80 mm Hg

55
Q

What is the systolic pressure of BP

A

Ventricular systole

56
Q

What the diastolic pressure in BP

A

Ventricular diastole

Second Year - Anatomy CA21007 (18 decks)

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