Anatomy 2 -Cardiovascular System • The Heart

Question 1

Location of the heart

Answer 1

In the mediastinum between the lungs

Question 2

The base of the heart is what portion? And located where?

Answer 2

It is the broad superior portion and is located behind the rest of the heart

Question 3

The heart tapers to a point known as…

Answer 3

The apex

Question 4

The apex is what portion of the heart?

Answer 4

The inferior portion

Question 5

The four chambers of the heart are

Answer 5

The right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle

Question 6

System related to the right side of the heart

Answer 6

Pulmonary system

Question 7

What side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood?

Answer 7

The right side

Question 8

Blood from the right side of the heart goes where and undergoes what?

Answer 8

It goes to the lungs and undergoes gas exchange

Question 9

What system is related to the left side of the heart?

Answer 9

The systemic system

Question 10

What side of the heart contains oxygenated blood?

Answer 10

The left side

Question 11

The internal features of the heart are

Answer 11

The pericardium and the heart wall

Question 12

What makes up the pericardium and the heart wall

Answer 12

Pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium, myocardium and endocardium

Question 13

Fibrous pericardium function

Answer 13

Allows the heart to beat in a frictionless motion

Question 14

Serous pericardium function

Answer 14

Lines the sac, covers the heart and allows the heart to beat in a smooth motion

Question 15

What is the myocardium

Answer 15

A thick muscular layer which is part off the fibrous skeleton

Question 16

What is the endocardium

Answer 16

The smooth lining of the heart

Question 17

What is the fossa ovalis

Answer 17

A thumb shaped impression on the right atrium

Question 18

What was the function of the fossa ovalis

Answer 18

It was an opening during development that allowed direct blood flow from the right to the left atrium because the lungs were not developed

Question 19

Muscular ridges in the atrium are known as

Answer 19

Masculi pectinati

Question 20

Muscular ridges in the ventricles are known as

Answer 20

Trabecular carneae

Question 21

Rounded muscular projections found in the ventricles are known as

Answer 21

Papillary muscles

Question 22

Function of the chordae tendineae

Answer 22

Muscles attached along the edges of the valves to prevent the vales from opening up under high pressure

Question 23

External features of the heart

Answer 23

Superior vena cava, ascending aorta, right auricle, right atrium, right ventricle, inferior vena cava, apex of the heart, left ventricle, left auricle, left atria, pulmonary trunk, left pulmonary artery, left pulmonary veins, coronary sinus, right pulmonary artery, right pulmonary veins and the arch of the aorta

Question 24

What does the pulmonary trunk branch into

Answer 24

The pulmonary artery

Question 25

What arteries supply the heart with blood

Answer 25

The coronary arteries. The left coronary artery branches into the circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular branch

Question 26

Veins that drain the heart tissue

Answer 26

The cardiac veins

Question 27

What are the three cardiac veins

Answer 27

The great, the middle and the small

Question 28

Where is the great cardiac vein located

Answer 28

The anterior aspect of the heart

Question 29

Where are the middle and small cardiac veins located

Answer 29

On the posterior aspect of the heart.

Question 30

What vessels return blood to the coronary sinus

Answer 30

The middle and small cardiac veins

Question 31

Where are the valves located

Answer 31

Behind the sternum

Question 32

Left atrium valve is

Answer 32

Bicuspid

Question 33

Right atrium valve is

Answer 33

Tricuspid

Question 34

The semi-lunar valves are the

Answer 34

Pulmonary and aortic valves

Question 35

Function of valves

Answer 35

To make sure blood flows smoothly and there is no back flow of blood

Question 36

What muscles stop the valves from opening under high pressure

Answer 36

Papillary muscles

Question 37

Where can the aortic valve closing be heard

Answer 37

2nd intercostal space on the right

Question 38

Where can the tricuspid valve be heard closing

Answer 38

5th intercostal space on the right

Question 39

Where can the pulmonary valve be heard closing

Answer 39

2nd intercostal space on the left

Question 40

Where can the mitral valve (apex) be heard closing

Answer 40

5th intercostal space in the left, 3 fingers from the midline

Question 41

What is the cardiac cycle made up of

Answer 41

One complete contraction and relaxation of all chambers of the heart

Question 42

What occurs together during the cardiac cycle

Answer 42

Atrial systole and ventricular diastole | Atrial diastole and ventricular systole

Question 43

Myogenic cells can

Answer 43

Generate their own heart beat

Question 44

What is the heart beat regulated by

Answer 44

The cardiac conduction system

Question 45

Components of the cardiac conduction system

Answer 45

SA node, a fibrous skeleton, AV node, AV bundle, purkinjie fibres and right and left bundle branches

Question 46

What is the pacemaker of the heart

Answer 46

SA node

Question 47

Function of the fibrous skeleton

Answer 47

Insulates the atria from the ventricles

Question 48

Function of the AV node

Answer 48

It is a small bundle in the right atrium and communicates with the AV bundle

Question 49

What is the pathway for signals produced from the AV node

Answer 49

AV bundle

Question 50

Function of the right and left bundle branches

Answer 50

They are divisions of the AV bundle that enter the interventicular septum and descend the apex

Question 51

What is the heart rate measured from

Answer 51

The pulse

Question 52

Normal heart rate for infants, young female adult and young male adult

Answer 52

Infant - 120 bmp YFA - 72-80 bmp YMA - 64-72 bmp

Question 53

Where is blood pressure measured

Answer 53

The brachial artery

Question 54

Normal blood pressure value

Answer 54

120/80 mm Hg

Question 55

What is the systolic pressure of BP

Answer 55

Ventricular systole

Question 56

What the diastolic pressure in BP

Answer 56

Ventricular diastole