Anatomy 2 -Cardiovascular System • The Heart Flashcards
Location of the heart
In the mediastinum between the lungs
The base of the heart is what portion? And located where?
It is the broad superior portion and is located behind the rest of the heart
The heart tapers to a point known as…
The apex
The apex is what portion of the heart?
The inferior portion
The four chambers of the heart are
The right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle
System related to the right side of the heart
Pulmonary system
What side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood?
The right side
Blood from the right side of the heart goes where and undergoes what?
It goes to the lungs and undergoes gas exchange
What system is related to the left side of the heart?
The systemic system
What side of the heart contains oxygenated blood?
The left side
The internal features of the heart are
The pericardium and the heart wall
What makes up the pericardium and the heart wall
Pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium, myocardium and endocardium
Fibrous pericardium function
Allows the heart to beat in a frictionless motion
Serous pericardium function
Lines the sac, covers the heart and allows the heart to beat in a smooth motion
What is the myocardium
A thick muscular layer which is part off the fibrous skeleton
What is the endocardium
The smooth lining of the heart
What is the fossa ovalis
A thumb shaped impression on the right atrium
What was the function of the fossa ovalis
It was an opening during development that allowed direct blood flow from the right to the left atrium because the lungs were not developed
Muscular ridges in the atrium are known as
Masculi pectinati
Muscular ridges in the ventricles are known as
Trabecular carneae
Rounded muscular projections found in the ventricles are known as
Papillary muscles
Function of the chordae tendineae
Muscles attached along the edges of the valves to prevent the vales from opening up under high pressure
External features of the heart
Superior vena cava, ascending aorta, right auricle, right atrium, right ventricle, inferior vena cava, apex of the heart, left ventricle, left auricle, left atria, pulmonary trunk, left pulmonary artery, left pulmonary veins, coronary sinus, right pulmonary artery, right pulmonary veins and the arch of the aorta
What does the pulmonary trunk branch into
The pulmonary artery
What arteries supply the heart with blood
The coronary arteries. The left coronary artery branches into the circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular branch
Veins that drain the heart tissue
The cardiac veins
What are the three cardiac veins
The great, the middle and the small
Where is the great cardiac vein located
The anterior aspect of the heart
Where are the middle and small cardiac veins located
On the posterior aspect of the heart.
What vessels return blood to the coronary sinus
The middle and small cardiac veins
Where are the valves located
Behind the sternum
Left atrium valve is
Bicuspid
Right atrium valve is
Tricuspid
The semi-lunar valves are the
Pulmonary and aortic valves
Function of valves
To make sure blood flows smoothly and there is no back flow of blood
What muscles stop the valves from opening under high pressure
Papillary muscles
Where can the aortic valve closing be heard
2nd intercostal space on the right
Where can the tricuspid valve be heard closing
5th intercostal space on the right
Where can the pulmonary valve be heard closing
2nd intercostal space on the left
Where can the mitral valve (apex) be heard closing
5th intercostal space in the left, 3 fingers from the midline
What is the cardiac cycle made up of
One complete contraction and relaxation of all chambers of the heart
What occurs together during the cardiac cycle
Atrial systole and ventricular diastole
Atrial diastole and ventricular systole
Myogenic cells can
Generate their own heart beat
What is the heart beat regulated by
The cardiac conduction system
Components of the cardiac conduction system
SA node, a fibrous skeleton, AV node, AV bundle, purkinjie fibres and right and left bundle branches
What is the pacemaker of the heart
SA node
Function of the fibrous skeleton
Insulates the atria from the ventricles
Function of the AV node
It is a small bundle in the right atrium and communicates with the AV bundle
What is the pathway for signals produced from the AV node
AV bundle
Function of the right and left bundle branches
They are divisions of the AV bundle that enter the interventicular septum and descend the apex
What is the heart rate measured from
The pulse
Normal heart rate for infants, young female adult and young male adult
Infant - 120 bmp
YFA - 72-80 bmp
YMA - 64-72 bmp
Where is blood pressure measured
The brachial artery
Normal blood pressure value
120/80 mm Hg
What is the systolic pressure of BP
Ventricular systole
What the diastolic pressure in BP
Ventricular diastole
