A30 Flashcards
respiratory and urogenital system of birds
Kidneys of the bird
elongated and lobulated
- cranial
- middle
- caudal
Located in fossa renalis
close contact with the abdomnial air sacs
urinarysystem of the bird
only kidney and ureters
valva renalis
regulates how much blood they want to go to this spesific section of the vessels
non-concioussly controlled
blood pressure regulation - each side independently
open renal valves mean
all the blood will run through the common iliac directly into vena cava caudalis
no kidney work
when flying
closed renal valves
blood cannot enter, goes to the portal cranial vein and into the kidneys through vv.afferentes, comes back through v. efferentes
What is special about the bird respiratory system`?
most effective of all animals
very small lungs, which are inelastic
no diaphragm
conchas
cranial
medial
caudal
meatus
ventral –> lungs
Medial –> sinus
Dorsal –> smelling apparatus
larynx
2 larynx - cranial and caudal
caudal = syrinx - voice organ
proximal larynx (cranial)
separates food from air
cricoid cartilage and paired arytenoid cartilage
distal larynx
syrinx
- creates voice
- species and gender spesific
- parrots=17 pair of muscles
made up from:
- terminal part of trachea + first part of main bronhus
first part: tracheobronchealis –> tympanum
Pessulus: cartialge at the end of the membrana tympanoformis (med+lat)
muscle: sternotrachealis, trachealis lateralis
sinus infraorbitalis
paranasal sinus
overlaps the caudal concha
not covered by anything but skin
lungs
not lobed
dorsal third lies under the rib cage
costal surface
visceral surface
first bronchi - continuation
cartilage
mesobronchi - no cartilage
saccobronchus - airsacs
Air sacs - amount
9 airsacs
4 pairs
1 single