A30 Flashcards

respiratory and urogenital system of birds

1
Q

Kidneys of the bird

A

elongated and lobulated

  • cranial
  • middle
  • caudal

Located in fossa renalis

close contact with the abdomnial air sacs

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2
Q

urinarysystem of the bird

A

only kidney and ureters

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3
Q

valva renalis

A

regulates how much blood they want to go to this spesific section of the vessels

non-concioussly controlled

blood pressure regulation - each side independently

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4
Q

open renal valves mean

A

all the blood will run through the common iliac directly into vena cava caudalis

no kidney work

when flying

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5
Q

closed renal valves

A

blood cannot enter, goes to the portal cranial vein and into the kidneys through vv.afferentes, comes back through v. efferentes

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6
Q

What is special about the bird respiratory system`?

A

most effective of all animals

very small lungs, which are inelastic

no diaphragm

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7
Q

conchas

A

cranial

medial

caudal

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8
Q

meatus

A

ventral –> lungs

Medial –> sinus

Dorsal –> smelling apparatus

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9
Q

larynx

A

2 larynx - cranial and caudal

caudal = syrinx - voice organ

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10
Q

proximal larynx (cranial)

A

separates food from air

cricoid cartilage and paired arytenoid cartilage

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11
Q

distal larynx

A

syrinx

  • creates voice
  • species and gender spesific
  • parrots=17 pair of muscles

made up from:

  • terminal part of trachea + first part of main bronhus

first part: tracheobronchealis –> tympanum

Pessulus: cartialge at the end of the membrana tympanoformis (med+lat)

muscle: sternotrachealis, trachealis lateralis

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12
Q

sinus infraorbitalis

A

paranasal sinus

overlaps the caudal concha

not covered by anything but skin

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13
Q

lungs

A

not lobed

dorsal third lies under the rib cage

costal surface

visceral surface

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14
Q

first bronchi - continuation

A

cartilage

mesobronchi - no cartilage

saccobronchus - airsacs

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15
Q

Air sacs - amount

A

9 airsacs

4 pairs

1 single

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16
Q

name the airsacks

A
  1. paired cervical airsack
  2. clavicular airsack - fused = unpaired
    • in contact with the syrinx
  3. paired cranial thoracic
  4. paired caudal thoracic
  5. paired abdomnial
17
Q

the task of airsacs

A

similar to air ballons

no gas exchange

stores air until expiration

allows a continous stream of air to pass through the lungs an a one way flow

18
Q

airflow

A

Inhalation

  • air leaves the lungs
  • posterior airsacs will expand

Exhalation

  • air enters the lungs
  • anterior air sacs will contract
19
Q

cycle 1 - inhalation

A

trachea - mesobronchi - posterior thoracic sacs + abdomnial sacs

20
Q

cycle 1 - exhalation

A

caudal sacs will contract - into lungs - parabronchi

gas exchange

21
Q

cycle 2 - inhalation

A

air in lungs - cervical + interclavicula + cranial th air sacs

22
Q

cycle 2 - exhalation

A

cranial sacs contract - air into trachea - up and out the nostrils

23
Q

penis

A

phallus

  • protruding or non protruding

Parts

  • basis
  • flexura phalli
  • pars glandulaes
  • apex
  • sulcus phalli
24
Q

parts of the cloaca

A

colon rectum

coprodeum

urodeum

proctodeum

25
Q

plicas in the cloaca

A

plica colocoprodeum

plica coprourodeum

plica uroproctodealis

26
Q

found within the urodeum

A

ostium urethralis

papillae ductus deference (male)

fossa ejaculatoria (male)

27
Q

testicles

A

lies in contact with the intestine, liver, kidney and caudal thoracic sac

epididymus is small and crosses the urether

28
Q

female genital system

A

infundibulum

magnum

isthmus

uterus

vagina

ostium tuba uterina

29
Q

cloaca

A

where intestinal, urinary, and genital tracts open.