A15 Flashcards
Hip joint and its muscles
M. gluteus superficiale
- Comprises these muscles in domestic mammals
- Cranial superficial gluteal
- Caudofemoral which lies behind it (only in cat)
- Vertebral head and cranial terminal branch of biceps femoris
- Vertebral head of the semitendinous (Su and Eq)
- Separate muscle only in Ca
- Su + Ru: fused with the cranial portion of the bicep, glutaeobiceps
- Eq: caudal portion of the tensor fascia latae (innervated by the cranial gluteal nerve)
O: tuber coxae + fascia glutea
I: trochanter tertius
O: Sacrum, first caudal vertebrae, sacrotuberal ligament and fascia glutea
I: Tuberositas glutea
A: extends the hip joint and draws the limb backwards (Carnivores)
Flexes hip and abduct and draws forelimb forwards in other domestic mammals
M. gluteus medius
- Large, ovoid muscle
- Lies between tensor fascia latae and superficial gluteal
- Strongest muscles of the hip
O: Crista ilium, fascies glutea (sacrum and the longissimus lumborum muscle in the other domestic mammals)
I: trochanter major
A: Extends the hip, draws the limb backwards and outwards (+longissimus lumborum=rearing and kicking in horse) rotates medially
M. gluteus profundus
Gluteus profundus
- Fan- shaped, small, powerfull
- Completely covered by gluteus medius
O: spina ischiadica, body of ischium
I: greater trochanter
A:Extend and abduct the hip joint, pronates the pelvic limb
M. gluteus accesorius
In equine
Deep portion of gluteus medius
M. piriformis
Piriformis
- Individual only in Ca, in the others it is fused with gluteus medius
O: last sacral and first caudal vertebrae
I: trochanter major
A: extension of hip
M. tensor fascia latae
O: tube rcoxae
I: lateral femoral fascia
A: flexes hip joint
The gluteus muscles
superficale
profundus
medius
accesorius (eq)
caudofemoralis (fe)
M. piriformis
M. tensor fascia lata
M. caudofemoralis
Feline
O: 2nd to 4th caudal vertbrae
I: fascia latae and patella
A: extends and abducts hip joint
M. sartorius
- 2 strap-like parts
- Lies superficially on the medial aspect of the thigh
- Lies medial side of the quadriceps
Pars craniales
- 1cm thick
- forms the cranial border of the thigh
- visible from lateral side
O: Crista iliaca, thoracolumbiar fascia
I: patella w/rectus femoris
A: flexes hip, extends stifle
Pars caudalis
- on the medial side
- thinner longer and wider than the cranial part
O: spina iliaca ventralis cranialis, ventral border of ilium
I: cranial border of tibia w/gracilis
A: flexes hip and stifle
M. adductor
- adductor longus
- adductor magnus & brevis
O: Ramus cranialis ossis pubis
Symphysis pelvis
I: fascies aspera +labium laterale
A: adducts hindlimb and extends hip
M. pectineus
- Forms the caudal boundary of the femoral canal
O: body of pubis on each side, eminentia ilopubica, pectin ossis pubis
I: labium medium
A: Adducts the limb
M. gracilis
- broad muscular sheath (not graceful thin sheath as name says)
- caudal to sartorius, forms medial surface of the thigh
- aponeurosis of origin covers the adductor
O: symphysial tendon from symphysis pelvis
I: crista tibia together with semitendinosus, also blends with the crural fascia and togheter with bicep and semitendinosus on the tuber calcanei
A: Adducts limb, flexes stifle extends hip and tarsal joints
Caudal muscles acting on the hip
M. bicep femoris
M. abductor cruris caudalis (ca)
M. semitendinosus
M. semimembranosus
Medial muscles of the hip joint
M. sartorius
M. gracilis
M. adductor
M. pectineus
M. bicep femoris
O: Tuber ischiadicum and the sacrotuberal ligament
I: The dividing branches blends with the fascia latae and cruris to insert on the patellar ligament, patella and crista
tibia, also on the yber calcanei by means of calcaneal tendon
A: extends hip, and stifle with the cranial portion, flexes the stifle (caudal) and extends the hock joint
The whole muscle: abducts and extends the limb, if the limb is fixed on the ground: powerful forward thrust
M. abductor cruris caudalis
Abductor cruris caudalis
- Only in Ca (also known as tenuissimus) Rudimentary in cat
- Thin band of muscle
- Lies against thinner surface of the bicep femoris, crosses its inner edge in the proximal third of the crus to reach the lateral side of the gastrocnemius
O: distal part of the sacrotuberal ligament
I: fuses with the caudal borderof the bicep before it disappears into the crural fascia
A: Supports the caudal portion of the bicep femoris as an abductor
M. semitendinosus
- In Eq and Su: also originates from spinosus and tranverse provesses of the first caudal vertebrae (vertebral head)
O: Tuber ischiadicum
I: Medial side of crista tibiae and tuber calcanei by means of a tendon
A: extends hip, flexes stifle and extends hock, draws limb backwards and
inwards, when the foot is of the ground
M. semimembranosus
- 2 bellies in: Ca, Su and Ru (bifurcate in Eq)
- Additional vertebral head in the horse (O: sacrosciatic ligament)
O: Ventral side of the tuber ischaidicum
I: condylus mediales femoris (labium
mediale) and condylus mediales
tibialis
A: extends the hip and stifle joint, propel the trunk forwards (hanging limb: adduct ,pronate and pull the limb
backwards)
Deep muscles acting on the hip
M. gemelli
M. obturatorius externus/internus
M. quadratus femoris
M articulatio coxae
M. quadratus femoris
O: ventral surface of the tabula ossis ischia
I: fossa trochanterica
A: extends the hip and rotates limb laterally
M. obturatorius externus
O: Ventral surface of the pubis and ischium (Su+Ru: even from corpus ilium and sacrum
I: Fossa trochanterica
A: rotates pelvic limb medially
M. obturatorius internus
- Present only in Ca and Eq
- Its tendon “separates” the gemelli
- Lies a bursa between the tendon and incisura ischiadica minor
O: symphysis pelvis (Eq: also from corpus ilium)
I: fossa trochanterica
A rotates the pelvic limb laterally at the hip joint
M. gemelli
O: spina ishiadica and corpus ischium
I: fossa trochanterica
A: rotates the pelvic limb laterally at the hipjoint
M. articularis coxae
Only in Eq and Ca
will tense the joint capsule
How does the quadricep act on the hip joint?
M. rectus femoris will flex the hip
Flexors of the hip
Gluteus supf (øCa)
Tensor fascia lata
M. sartorius
M. rectus femoris
Supination of hindlimb is performed by
M. gemelli
M. obturatorius ext/int
quadratus femoris
Articulatio coxae
coxofemoral, hip joint
gead of femur + fascies lunata of acetabulum
spheroid joint, limited by muscles
Un: free flexion and extension, head of femur is cylindrically shaped
Ca: extremly mobile
Labrum acetabulare
cartilage that completes the joint
Descrebe the joint capsule
spacious
attached to the neck of the femur and the outer margin of acetabulum
surrounds the ligament of the head of the femur
Ligaments of os coxae
Lig. capitis ossis femoris
- fossa acetabulum –> fovea capitis on femur
lig accesorium ossis femoris (Eq)
- rectus abdomnis –> lig. pubicum craniale
Lig. transversum acetabuli
