A15 Flashcards
Hip joint and its muscles
M. gluteus superficiale
- Comprises these muscles in domestic mammals
- Cranial superficial gluteal
- Caudofemoral which lies behind it (only in cat)
- Vertebral head and cranial terminal branch of biceps femoris
- Vertebral head of the semitendinous (Su and Eq)
- Separate muscle only in Ca
- Su + Ru: fused with the cranial portion of the bicep, glutaeobiceps
- Eq: caudal portion of the tensor fascia latae (innervated by the cranial gluteal nerve)
O: tuber coxae + fascia glutea
I: trochanter tertius
O: Sacrum, first caudal vertebrae, sacrotuberal ligament and fascia glutea
I: Tuberositas glutea
A: extends the hip joint and draws the limb backwards (Carnivores)
Flexes hip and abduct and draws forelimb forwards in other domestic mammals
M. gluteus medius
- Large, ovoid muscle
- Lies between tensor fascia latae and superficial gluteal
- Strongest muscles of the hip
O: Crista ilium, fascies glutea (sacrum and the longissimus lumborum muscle in the other domestic mammals)
I: trochanter major
A: Extends the hip, draws the limb backwards and outwards (+longissimus lumborum=rearing and kicking in horse) rotates medially
M. gluteus profundus
Gluteus profundus
- Fan- shaped, small, powerfull
- Completely covered by gluteus medius
O: spina ischiadica, body of ischium
I: greater trochanter
A:Extend and abduct the hip joint, pronates the pelvic limb
M. gluteus accesorius
In equine
Deep portion of gluteus medius
M. piriformis
Piriformis
- Individual only in Ca, in the others it is fused with gluteus medius
O: last sacral and first caudal vertebrae
I: trochanter major
A: extension of hip
M. tensor fascia latae
O: tube rcoxae
I: lateral femoral fascia
A: flexes hip joint
The gluteus muscles
superficale
profundus
medius
accesorius (eq)
caudofemoralis (fe)
M. piriformis
M. tensor fascia lata
M. caudofemoralis
Feline
O: 2nd to 4th caudal vertbrae
I: fascia latae and patella
A: extends and abducts hip joint
M. sartorius
- 2 strap-like parts
- Lies superficially on the medial aspect of the thigh
- Lies medial side of the quadriceps
Pars craniales
- 1cm thick
- forms the cranial border of the thigh
- visible from lateral side
O: Crista iliaca, thoracolumbiar fascia
I: patella w/rectus femoris
A: flexes hip, extends stifle
Pars caudalis
- on the medial side
- thinner longer and wider than the cranial part
O: spina iliaca ventralis cranialis, ventral border of ilium
I: cranial border of tibia w/gracilis
A: flexes hip and stifle
M. adductor
- adductor longus
- adductor magnus & brevis
O: Ramus cranialis ossis pubis
Symphysis pelvis
I: fascies aspera +labium laterale
A: adducts hindlimb and extends hip
M. pectineus
- Forms the caudal boundary of the femoral canal
O: body of pubis on each side, eminentia ilopubica, pectin ossis pubis
I: labium medium
A: Adducts the limb
M. gracilis
- broad muscular sheath (not graceful thin sheath as name says)
- caudal to sartorius, forms medial surface of the thigh
- aponeurosis of origin covers the adductor
O: symphysial tendon from symphysis pelvis
I: crista tibia together with semitendinosus, also blends with the crural fascia and togheter with bicep and semitendinosus on the tuber calcanei
A: Adducts limb, flexes stifle extends hip and tarsal joints
Caudal muscles acting on the hip
M. bicep femoris
M. abductor cruris caudalis (ca)
M. semitendinosus
M. semimembranosus
Medial muscles of the hip joint
M. sartorius
M. gracilis
M. adductor
M. pectineus
M. bicep femoris
O: Tuber ischiadicum and the sacrotuberal ligament
I: The dividing branches blends with the fascia latae and cruris to insert on the patellar ligament, patella and crista
tibia, also on the yber calcanei by means of calcaneal tendon
A: extends hip, and stifle with the cranial portion, flexes the stifle (caudal) and extends the hock joint
The whole muscle: abducts and extends the limb, if the limb is fixed on the ground: powerful forward thrust
