A22

Question 1

Colon ascendens of horse

Answer 1

Colon ascendend - colon crassum

• large with 2 u shapes

1. Right ventral colon
   
   • runs cranioventrally
   • connected to caecum by plica caecocolico
2. Flexura sternalis (diaphragmatica ventralis)
   
   • turns to the left
3. left ventral colon
   
   • caudoventrally
4. flexura pelvina
   
   • 360 degree turn
5. left dorsal colon
6. flexura diaphragmatica
   
   • to the right
7. right dorsal colon
   
   • shortest and widest
8. ampulla colli

Question 2

colon transversum of horse

Answer 2

short

right to left

involved in the dorsal attachment of the right dorsal colon

connected dorsally to the pancreas

Question 3

colon descendens of the horse

Answer 3

colon tenue

similar to jejunum in diameter

suspended by mesocolon descendens

Question 4

Taenia coli on equine

• colon ascendens

Answer 4

4 - on right and left ventral colon

• lateral mesocolon - contraction and attachemnet point, lies on dorsal surface
• medial mesocolon - contains vessels, nerves and lymphatics, dorsal surface
• 2 ventral bands - supportin function

1 - pelvic flexure and left dorsal colon

3 - diaphragmatic flexure and right dorsal colon

• Two dorsal and one ventral

Question 5

Taenia colon equine

• colon descendens

Answer 5

2 - antimesenterial and mesenterial

• produces faecal balls

Question 6

Taenia coli equine

• colon transversum

Answer 6

2

Question 7

Overviwe of equine hasutra and taenia

Answer 7

4 – right and left ventral colon

1 – Pelvix flexure + left dorsal colon

3 – Diaphragmatic flexure + right dorsal colon

2 – transvers colon

2 – Colon decendens

Question 8

lig intercolicum

Answer 8

ligmaent between the dorsal and ventral colon

Question 9

Colon ascendend in Ruminants

Answer 9

longest

divided into a proximal, spiral and distal loops

Ansa proximalis coli

• s-shaped
• 3 parts
  
  1. runs cranially -> caecum, doubles back on itself
  2. passes caudally (next to descending duodenum) loops on itself travels mediodorsally
  3. cranioventrally, related to ascending duodenum, descending colon and left kidney

Ansa spiralis coli

• decreases in diameter
• long single loop
  
  1. gyri centripetales
     
     • toward centrum, 2x
  2. flexura centralis
  3. gyri centrifugales
     
     • away from centrum x2

Ansa distalis coli

• lies medial to the proxmal loop and ascending duodenum

Question 10

Colon transversus in ru

Answer 10

in front of the cranial mesenteric artery

Right -> left

Question 11

Colon descendens in Ru

Answer 11

passes caudally on the left side of cranial mesenteric artery

Question 12

colon sigmoideum

Answer 12

an s-shaped curve just cranial to the rectum

Question 13

Draw the colons

Question 14

Caecum

Answer 14

blind part of the large intestine

lies on the right side in all but pig

ostium ileale: communicates with the ileum

ostium caecocolicum: communicate with the colon

plica ileocaecalis : attaches it to ileum

Question 15

caecum in ru

Answer 15

small, feutreless

within the supraomental recess

spex points caudally

Question 16

Caecum in horse

Answer 16

• Very big - 30 l
• basis, corpus and apex (cranioventrally)
• opens into the ileal papilla, contains a venous plexus (sphincter)
• apex is close to the xiphoid process
• 4 taenia + haustra
  
  • medial
  • lateral - attachemnt point for caecocolic fold
  • ventral
  • dorsal - ileocaecal fold
• valva caecocolica
  
  • formed by two muscular folds
  • hinders reflux into the ileum
• digests complex carbohydrates

Question 17

Structures on the caecum

Answer 17

basis caeci - dorsal dilation in eq

corpus caeci

apex caeci

curvtura caeci major

curvatura caeci minor

tenia caeci (eq + su) Ø dorsalis in su attachment of ileocaecal fold

Question 18

Blood supply to the caecum

Answer 18

A. ileocolica

• a caecalis - ru
• a caecalis media/lateralis - eq

Question 19

Blood supply to the hindgut of equine

Answer 19

Colon ascendens

• r. colicus
  
  • from ileocolic artery
  • ventral colon
• A. colica dextra together with a colica media
  
  • supports terminal segment of colon ascendens - colon dorsale

Colon transversus

• a. colica media

descending colon

• a.colica sinistra

Question 20

Blood supply to the hindgut in Ru

Answer 20

Colon ascendens

• r. colici
  
  • ex a ileocolica
  • ansa proximalis and gyri centripetale
• aa. colica dextrae
  
  • gyri centrifugales and ansa distales

Colon transversus

• a. colica media

Colon ascendens

• a. colica sinistra

colon sigmoidea

• aa. sigmoidea

Question 21

innervation

Answer 21

sympathetic

• N. splanhnicus –> solar plexus

parasympathetic

• Vagus
  
  • transverse and descending colon
• nn. pelvicus
  
  • descending colon, rectum
  • peristalsis

Question 22

Rectum

Answer 22

pelvic part of the large intestine, terminates in canalis analis

ampulla recti: enlargment in the terminal part, prominent in the horse

Question 23

blood supply of the rectum

Answer 23

Cranial part: a mesenterica caudalis, rectalis cranialis

middle part: a. vaginalis/media a. rectalis media

caudal: A. perinealis ventralis a rectalis caudalis