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Edexcel IGCSE Biology > A Balanced Diet > Flashcards

A Balanced Diet Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 main reasons we need food

A

1 to supply us with food for energy

2 to provide materials for growth and repair of tissues

3 to help fight disease and keep our bodies healthy

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2
Q

what is your diet

A

what you eat

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3
Q

what are the 5 food groups

A

1 carbohydrates
2 lipids
3 proteins
4 minerals
5 vitamins

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4
Q

these 2 are not food groups but we still need them

A

1 water
2 dietary fibre

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5
Q

do we need all 5 food groups to stay healthy

A

yes

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6
Q

what percent of human body mass do carbs make up

A

1%

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7
Q

why are carbs important

A

they are the main fuel for the body

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8
Q

what do carbs supply

A

glucose for respiration in the body

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9
Q

what do glucose and other sugars belong to

A

one group of carbs

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10
Q

where is glucose found naturally

A

in many foods (fruits and vegetables)

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11
Q

do other foods have other sugars

A

yes

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12
Q

what is the fruit sugar

A

fructose

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13
Q

what is the milk sugar

A

lactose

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14
Q

what is ordinary table salt

A

sucrose

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15
Q

what is the main sugar transported through plant stems

A

sucrose. which is why it is extracted from sugar cane

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16
Q

what are sugars 2 physical properties

A

1 all are sweet
2 all are soluble in water

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17
Q

where can we get all the sugar we need

A

we can get it naturally from fruits and veggies and from the digestion of starch

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18
Q

do many processed foods have a lot of added sugar

A

yes

19
Q

where do we get most of our carbs

A

from starch not sugars

20
Q

is starch soluble

A

No. starch is a large insoluble molecule

21
Q

where is starch found

A

it is found in many plants as a storage carb

22
Q

what is the staple diet around the world

A

starchy foods (rice, potato, bread, pasta)

23
Q

what is starch

A

a polymer of glucose. it is made of long chains of hundreds of glucose molecules joined together

24
Q

where is the only place starch is found

A

in plant tissues

25
Q

sometimes animals contain a similar carb that is also a polymer of glucose. what is it

A

glycogen

26
Q

where is glycogen found

A

in the tissues of the liver and muscle

27
Q

what does glycogen act as in the body

A

a source of energy for the organs

28
Q

what has to happen to large carbs during digestion

A

they have to be broken down into simple sugars so they can be absorbed in the blood

29
Q

what is the carb cellulose

A

a polymer of glucose

30
Q

why can’t human digest cellulose

A

we don’t have the enzyme needed to do so

31
Q

can humans use cellulose for energy

A

no

32
Q

does cellulose play an important part in our diet

A

yes. it forms dietary fibre/roughage which give the gut muscle something to push against as food goes through the intestine which keeps gut contents moving preventing constipation and intestine diseases like colitis and bowel cancer

33
Q

what are single sugars (glucose, fructose) called

A

monosaccharides

34
Q

sucrose molecules are made up of 2 monosaccharides joined together. what are they

A

glucose and fructose

35
Q

if sucrose is made of 2 monosaccharides what is it

A

a disaccharide

36
Q

what is the disaccharide lactose made of

A

glucose and galactose

37
Q

what are polymers of sugars (starch, glycogen, cellulose) called

A

polysaccharides

38
Q

what is the chemical formula for glucose

A

C6H12O6

39
Q

what are the only 3 elements that all carbohydrates have

A

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

40
Q

what does the carbo part of carbohydrates refer to

A

the carbon

41
Q

what does the hydrate part of carbohydrate refer to

A

the fact that the hydrogen and oxygen atom are in the ratio two to one, as in water H20

42
Q

glucose and fructose are single sugar molecules. a molecule of glucose joined to a molecule of fructose forms what

A

a double sugar ( in this case sucrose)

43
Q

starch is what

A

a polymer of many glucose sub-units

Edexcel IGCSE Biology (43 decks)

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