A Balanced Diet Flashcards
what are the 3 main reasons we need food
1 to supply us with food for energy
2 to provide materials for growth and repair of tissues
3 to help fight disease and keep our bodies healthy
what is your diet
what you eat
what are the 5 food groups
1 carbohydrates
2 lipids
3 proteins
4 minerals
5 vitamins
these 2 are not food groups but we still need them
1 water
2 dietary fibre
do we need all 5 food groups to stay healthy
yes
what percent of human body mass do carbs make up
1%
why are carbs important
they are the main fuel for the body
what do carbs supply
glucose for respiration in the body
what do glucose and other sugars belong to
one group of carbs
where is glucose found naturally
in many foods (fruits and vegetables)
do other foods have other sugars
yes
what is the fruit sugar
fructose
what is the milk sugar
lactose
what is ordinary table salt
sucrose
what is the main sugar transported through plant stems
sucrose. which is why it is extracted from sugar cane
what are sugars 2 physical properties
1 all are sweet
2 all are soluble in water
where can we get all the sugar we need
we can get it naturally from fruits and veggies and from the digestion of starch
do many processed foods have a lot of added sugar
yes
where do we get most of our carbs
from starch not sugars
is starch soluble
No. starch is a large insoluble molecule
where is starch found
it is found in many plants as a storage carb
what is the staple diet around the world
starchy foods (rice, potato, bread, pasta)
what is starch
a polymer of glucose. it is made of long chains of hundreds of glucose molecules joined together
where is the only place starch is found
in plant tissues
sometimes animals contain a similar carb that is also a polymer of glucose. what is it
glycogen
where is glycogen found
in the tissues of the liver and muscle
what does glycogen act as in the body
a source of energy for the organs
what has to happen to large carbs during digestion
they have to be broken down into simple sugars so they can be absorbed in the blood
what is the carb cellulose
a polymer of glucose
why can’t human digest cellulose
we don’t have the enzyme needed to do so
can humans use cellulose for energy
no
does cellulose play an important part in our diet
yes. it forms dietary fibre/roughage which give the gut muscle something to push against as food goes through the intestine which keeps gut contents moving preventing constipation and intestine diseases like colitis and bowel cancer
what are single sugars (glucose, fructose) called
monosaccharides
sucrose molecules are made up of 2 monosaccharides joined together. what are they
glucose and fructose
if sucrose is made of 2 monosaccharides what is it
a disaccharide
what is the disaccharide lactose made of
glucose and galactose
what are polymers of sugars (starch, glycogen, cellulose) called
polysaccharides
what is the chemical formula for glucose
C6H12O6
what are the only 3 elements that all carbohydrates have
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
what does the carbo part of carbohydrates refer to
the carbon
what does the hydrate part of carbohydrate refer to
the fact that the hydrogen and oxygen atom are in the ratio two to one, as in water H20
glucose and fructose are single sugar molecules. a molecule of glucose joined to a molecule of fructose forms what
a double sugar ( in this case sucrose)
starch is what
a polymer of many glucose sub-units
