Cell division and differentiation Flashcards
what do we all start out life as
a zygote
what is mitosis
a type of cell division
how does it happen (mitosis)
all the chromosomes copy themselves (double chromosomes). The double chromosomes line up down the middle of the cell, then it pulls one copy of each chromosome to each side of the cell. the cell then splits (2 identical cells now). in plant cells a cell wall forms around the cell to split them
when does it happen quickly (mitosis)
when your growing
when does it happen (mitosis)
all the time (the body is constantly regenerating)
what is it responsible for
growth and repair
finish the sentence
Some organisms reproduce
using mitosis.
what type of cells does mitosis make
diploid cells (46 chromosomes)
how many chromosomes are in human cells
all human cells have 46 chromosomes except gametes (sperm and eggs) and red blood cells (no nucleus)
what is meiosis
a type of cell division
what type of cell does meiosis make
it makes gametes (sex cells) which are haploid cell meaning they have 23 chromosomes. reason being because they have to connect to make a total of 46 chromosomes
how does it happen meiosis
diploid cells make double chromosomes like in mitosis, but instead of splitting into 2 cells it splits into 4 cells. giving four genetically varied cells with 23 chromosomes each
why do offspring vary genetically
each sperm and egg are different due to the mother and the father’s genes mixing when cells are created by meiosis
how is an embryo made
the zygote multiplies using mitosis then the cells get food and substances to supply energy so the cells can fully grow making an embryo
how is differentiation done
as the embryo grows cells become more specialized. the type of cell it turns into depends on where the cell is in the embryo
