Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1 - PBS2 > 93 - Bones, Muscles and Fascia of the Leg and Foot > Flashcards

93 - Bones, Muscles and Fascia of the Leg and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Landmarks of the tibia

1-5

A
  • Condyles
  • Intercondylar eminence
  • Tibial tuberosity
  • Soleal line
  • Medial malleolus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Shape of tibia

A

Roughly triangular (apex is on anterior face)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is the tibia or fibula more lateral?

A

Fibula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tibial tuberosity

A

On anterior surface of tibia, just below tibial plateau.

Site of muscle attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Location of tibial line of epiphysis

A

Below tibial plateau, runs through tibial tuberosity anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Soleal line location and structures around it

A

Attachment of soleus.
On posterior aspect of tibia.
Runs from superior tibio-fibular joint to medial mid-tibia.

Above soleal line is where popliteus attaches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Malleli

A

Medial mallelus is part of the tibia.

Lateral mallelus is part of the fibula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Attachments of tibia to fibula

A

Attaches superiorly and inferiorly with facet joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Borders of fibula

A

Sharp border is where interosseus membrane attaches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Most proximal muscle insertion to the fibula

A

Biceps femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Compartments of the leg
1
2
3

A

Anterior (dorsiflexors, inverters)
Lateral (everters)
Posterior (superficial and deep parts, divided by deep fascia, plantarflexors and inverters)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Examples of inverters

A

Tibialis anterior and posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Aspects of fascia of leg

A
  • Thick
  • Continuous with:
  • Fascia lata superiorly
  • Periosteum of tibia anteriorly
  • Intermuscular septa (deep)
  • Ankle retinaculae inferiorly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Structures formed by deep fascia at ankle

A

Ankle retinaculae
Bind tendons.
One flexor retinaculum, two extensor retinaculae, two fibular retinaculae.

These create the tarsal tunnels (anterior and posterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Location of retinaculae of ankle

A

Flexor retinaculum on medial foot, attaching to hell (calcaneus)
Superficial and inferior fibular retinacula superior to ankle joint, on anterior surface.
Extensor retinaculum on lateral foot, dorsal surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Part of foot that stores elastic energy

A

Particularly Achilles tendon, plantar aponeurosis and TFL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Muscles of anterior leg

1-4

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus (EHL)
Extensor digitorum longus (EDL)
Fibularis tertius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Innervation of muscles of anterior leg

A

Deep fibular nerve (from L4, L5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Foot slap

A

When tibialis anterior is not functioning properly (EG L4, L5 damage), can’t control heel-toe part of walking, so foot slaps on ground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Shin splints

A

Microtrauma at attachment of tibialis anterior to tibia.

From running on hard surfaces repeatedly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Role of fibularis tertius

A

Vestigial.

Attaches to dorsum of fifth metatarsal, at the base.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Attachment of extensor hallucis longus

A

Most-distal phalange of big toe (hallux)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tendons attaching to the talus

A

None

24
Q

Mnemonic for muscles of the anterior leg

A 
Timothy (tibialis anterior)
Has (extensor Hallucis longus)
A very nasty (neurovascular)
Dirty (extensor Digitorum)
Toe (fibularis Tertius)
25
Q

Muscles of the lateral leg
1
2

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

26
Q

Innervation of fibularis longus and brevis

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L4, L5)

27
Q

Insertion of fibularis brevis

A

Dorsum of fifth metatarsal, inserts onto fibularis tubercle, or peroneal tubercle).

28
Q

Clinical significance of fibularis brevis insertion

A

In severe inversion sprains, it is possible for attachment to be avulsed at the peroneal tubercle (5th metatarsal).

29
Q

Muscles of the posterior leg, superficial compartment

1-3

A

Gastrocnemius
Plantaris (vastigial, not very useful)
Soleus

30
Q

Nerve supply of superficial posterior muscles of the leg

A

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

31
Q

Role of soleus

A

High concentration of slow-twitch muscle fibres.

Mostly an antigravity muscle, prevents body falling forward.

32
Q

Role of gastrocnemius

A

Higher concentration of fast-twitch muscle fibres.

Involved in power activities, such as running.

33
Q

Location of lower limb venous sinuses

A

In soleus

34
Q

What form the Achilles tendon

A

Gastrocnemis and soleus

35
Q

Morphology of gastrocnemius

A

Crosses knee and ankle joints

36
Q

What protects the Achilles tendon?

A

A paratenon.

Doesn’t have synovial sheaths, like other tendons travelling across ankle joint have.

37
Q

Muscles of deep posterior leg

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Popliteus

38
Q

Direction of tendons of flexor digitorum longus

A

Travels from medial to lateral, to four phalanges

39
Q

Direction of tendons of flexor hallucis longus

A

Travels from lateral to medial, to attach to big toe

40
Q

Innervation of deep compartment of posterior leg

A

Tibial nerve, S1, S2

41
Q

Mnemonic for tendons crossing underneath medial mallelus

A

Tom (tibialis posterior)
Dick (flexor Digitorum longus
And very naughty (neurovascular)
Harry (flexor Hallucis longus)

42
Q

Role of popliteus

A

Unlocks knee.

43
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the dorsum of the foot
1
2

A

Extensor hallucis brevis

Extensor digitorum brevis

44
Q

Toes that are extended by extensor digitorum brevis

A

Phalanges 2, 3 and 4 (not big or little toes)

45
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot, layer 1 (most superficial)
1
2
3

A

Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Abductor Digiti Minimi

Stabilise foot during locomotor activities

46
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot, layer 2

A 
Lumbricals (four)
Flexor accessorius (quadratus plantae)
47
Q

Role of quadratus plantae

A

Straightens pull of flexor digitorum longus on the toes.

48
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot, layer 3
1
2
3

A

Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi

49
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the sole of the foot, layer 4 (deepest)

A 
Interossei
Four dorsal (these abduct, DAB)
Three plantar (these are adductors, to the second metatarsal, PAD)
50
Q

Arches of the foot shape

A

Between three weight bearing points:

Medial, lateral longitudinal arches, and a transverse arch between the longitudinal arches

51
Q

Role of arches of foot

A

Provide stability when standing.

Dynamic springs in locomotion

52
Q

Why do pathologies of the arches of the foot arise?

A

Poor bony support.
In standing, ligaments provide support for the arches, and in dynamic activity muscles provide support.

Doing too much standing or dynamic activity can damage/alter the ligaments or muscles.

53
Q

Important muscle in maintaining arches of foot

A

Flexor hallucis longus (tendon follows entire length of medial longitudinal arch).

54
Q

Plantar aponeurois

A
  • Between calcaneus and metatarsal heads - binds skin of foot for grip & protection
  • Maintains longitudinal arches of foot
55
Q

Pathology of plantar aponeurosis

A

Plantar fascitis with or without a bony spur

1 - PBS2 (96 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions