47 - Learning and Memory

Question 1

Part of the brain associated with viewing, identifying faces

Answer 1

Fusiform face area

Question 2

Area of the brain where memories are thought to form

Answer 2

Medial temporal lobe.

Question 3

Problem with patient H.M.

Answer 3

Could hold immediate impressions in his ming, but lost them as soon as his attention was diverted.
Could not form long-term memories.
Procedural memory intact (could learn skills)

Question 4

Declarative memory

Answer 4

Explicitly remembering events or facts

Question 5

Non-declarative memory

Answer 5

Skills, habits, emotional responses, reflexes

Question 6

Membrane receptors thought to be involved in memory

Answer 6

NMDA.

Mice with genes for this k/o have trouble learning to find platform in swimming test

Question 7

Effect of repeated electrical stimulation of a neuron

Answer 7

Long-term potentiation.
Synapse strengthened.
Neurons stimulate other neurons post-synapse more strongly.

Question 8

How can LTP be inhibited?

Answer 8

Inhibit protein synthesis (LTP probably relies on formation of new protein receptors, channels)

Question 9

Effect of increased NR2B receptor subunit (for NMDA)

Answer 9

Cognitive enhancement.

Retain memory more effectively.

Question 10

Ligand for NMDA receptors

Answer 10

Glutamate

Question 11

Short term memory storage

Answer 11

AMPA receptor insertion (increase stimulation of neuron for each release of glutamate).
Enhanced presynaptic release via retrograde signalling
Phosphorylation of receptors

Question 12

Long term memory storage

Answer 12

Protein synthesis, structural changes