52 - Presentation of Cognitive Disorders

Question 1

Useful person to ask about someone’s cognition

Answer 1

Their nurse

Question 2

A definition of cognitive rehabilitation

Answer 2

The application of techniques and procedures
and the implementation of supports to allow
individuals with cognitive impairment to function
as safely, productively and independently as
possible in their environment.

Question 3

Current model of cognitive rehabilitation

Answer 3

Active participation model

Question 4

Active participation model of cognitive rehabilitation
1
2
3

Answer 4

1) Cognitive rehabilitation
takes place in real world
contexts where the person
is most likely to use/need
these skills
2) Cognitive interventions
focus on enhancing
participation and reducing
functional limitations
3) Goal-focussed

Question 5

Key aspects of cognitive rehabilitation necessary for success
1
2
3
4

Answer 5

1) Approach must be tailored to individual patient
2) Collaboration between patient, family and treatment team must be good (best predictor of success)
3) Have to manage depression and/or anxiety (common)
4) Determine most effective method of learning for the individual

Question 6

Two categories of cognitive interventions

Answer 6

Environmental modifications

Compensatory strategies

Question 7

Environmental modifications
1
2

Answer 7

1) Change the physical and social environment to
facilitate greater independence and to reduce the
impact of a person’s cognitive and behavioural
difficulties
2) Remove or manipulate precipitating environmental
factors
- Eg. Providing low stimulus environments for those with traumatic brain injuries

Question 8

When are environmental modifications useful?
1
2
3

Answer 8

Useful to use when people have:
1) Reduced insight
2) Reduced self monitoring and regulation
3) Significant/catestrophic attentional, memory and
executive deficits

Question 9

Examples of environmental modifications
1
2
3
4

Answer 9

1) Reduced stimulation, quiet environments
2) Left neglect – place items in right visual field, reorganise
rooms
3) Declutter, orientation information on walls, calendars
4) Set routines

Question 10

When are compensatory cognitive interventions often used?

Answer 10

In more discrete, less severe cognitive issues

Question 11

A definition of compensatory cognitive interventions

Answer 11

Training/teaching clients to use behaviours or
processes that circumvent difficulties caused by
cognitive deficits

Question 12

Internal and external strategies for compensatory cognitive interventions
1 a, b
2 a, b

Answer 12

1) Internal strategies
* Improvement of skill set/learn to utilise other skills eg.
* Use of mnemonic strategies, metacognitive strategies
2) External strategies
* Use cues and aids to assist compensation of deficit
* Eg. Diaries, smartphones, apps now available