42 - Nasal Cavity, Nasopharynx Flashcards
Cartilage in the nose
Lateral cartilages
Septal cartilage
Alar cartilages
Bony parts of nose
Frontal bone above nasal bones superiorly
Frontal process of maxilla laterally
Bones that make up roof of nasal cavity
Ethmoid bone.
Sphenoid bone makes up deepest part of nasal cavity roof
Shape of ethmoid bone in a coronal plane
M-shaped.
Forms roofs, lateral walls of nasal cavity
What separate two halves of nasal cavity?
Ethmoid bone, vomer (vomer is more inferior)
Openings of nasal cavity
Anterior and posterior nares
Effect of breaking ethmoid bone (EG with a bad nose break)
Rinorrhoea (leakage of CSF from breaking meninges)
Bleeding
Infection
Part of nasal cavity not lined by mucous membrane
Vestibule (lined by skin and hair).
Two broad divisions of medial nasal mucosa
Olfactory area (with first order sensory nerves from olfactory bulb) Respiratory area (ciliated surface)
Role of cilia of respiratory area of nasal mucosa
Beat towards vestibule.
Move mucus out of nose
Surface feature of lateral walls of nasal cavity
Turbinate bones: superior concha, middle concha, inferior concha
Concha which is formed by its own bone
Inferior concha
What makes up the superior and middle conchae?
Ethmoid bone
Problem with having conchae lining nasal cavity
If inflamed (because have a highly vascularised mucosal lining), can easily block nose
Space underneath conchae
Superior, middle, inferior meatus
What are contained in the superior, middle and inferior meati?
Openings for the paranasal sinuses
Paranasal sinuses 1 2 3 4
Frontal
Ethmoid (in lateral plate of ethmoid bone particularly)
Sphenoid
Maxillary
Sinuses that drain downwards into nasal cavity
Frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid
Why is sinusitis more associated with maxillary sinus?
Maxillary sinus opening into nasal cavity is high up on medial wall of sinus.
Doesn’t drain with gravity into nasal cavity, so difficult to clear.
Where is the opening of the maxillary sinus?
Middle meatus
Orifice of the nasolacrimal duct
In the inferior meatus
Drainage of tears
Lacrimal gland above eye makes tears
Drain through nasolacrimal duct into the inferior meatus
Medical term for a nose bleed
Epistaxis
Blood supply of posterior quadrant of nasal cavity (lateral and medial)
Spheno-palatine artery (a branch of the external carotid).
High pressure artery.
Blood supply of superior quadrant of nasal cavity (lateral and medial)
Anterior and posterior ethmoid arteries (branches of ophthalmic artery)
Blood supply of inferior quadrant of nasal cavity (lateral and medial)
Greater palatine artery.
Also supplies roof of the mouth, travels through a hole in the hard palate, into nose
Blood supply of anterior quadrant of nasal cavity (lateral and medial)
Lateral nasal branches of facial artery
Nerve supply of the nasal cavity
Anterior-superior part innervated by ophthalmic division of trigeminal (anterior ethmoidal nerves, nasociliary nerve).
Posterior-inferior part innervated by maxillary division of trigeminal (greater, lesser palatine nerves).
Divisions of the pharynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
What forms larynx?
Muscular sling around the back of the nasal cavity, oral cavity and larynx
Muscles forming sling for pharynx
Superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles.
These join posteriorly at the median raphe.
Attachment of the superior constrictor
Buccinator
Attachment of the middle constrictor
Hyoid bone
Attachment of the inferior constrictor
Thyroid and cricoid cartilage
Superior border of the nasopharynx
Sphenoid bone
Inferior border of the nasopharynx
Uvula
Location of adenoids
Roof of the nasopharynx (pharyngeal tonsils)
Where is the opening of the auditory tube?
Lateral wall of the nasopharynx
Name for muscle that is internal pharyngeal muscle that attaches to auditory tube
Salpingopharyngeus
Effect of salpingopharyngeus contraction
Opens auditory tube.
