Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

1 - PBS2 > 81 - Vitamins, Water- and Fat-soluble > Flashcards

81 - Vitamins, Water- and Fat-soluble Flashcards

1
Q

Alternative name for NAD and NADP

A

Niacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alternative name for Thiamin

A

TP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alternative name for FAD, FMN

A

Riboflavin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Alternative name for vitamin B6

A

Pantothenic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Alternative name for pantothenic acid

A

CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Role of thiamin (B1)

1-3

A

1) Coenzyme in decarboxylation
2) Carbohydrate, fat, protein metabolism
3) Nerve function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sources of B1

A

Wholemeal breads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Effect of B1 deficiency

1-3

A

1) Rapid onset (have small B1 stores)
2) Develop beriberi
3) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in alcoholics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Very important reaction mediated by thiamin (B1)

A

Converting pyruvate to acetyl CoA (acetyl CoA to begin Kreb’s cycle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Organ particularly affected by beriberi

A

Liver (becomes necrotic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does wet beriberi arise?

A

Liver becomes necrotic, serum albumin production drops, pitting oedema arises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most common nutritional defect in Australia

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (thiamin deficiency affecting nervous system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clinical sign of riboflavin deficiency

A

Sore, swollen, oedematous, magenta-coloured tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Role of riboflavin

A

Cofactor in specific redox reactions, EG in the Kreb’s cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Role of niacin (B3 or nicotinic acid)
1
2

A

1) Electron carrier (NAD, NADP)

2) Carbohydrate, fat, protein metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Effect of B3 deficiency

A

Pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia, death)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Role of vitamin B6

A

Amino acid metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sources of B6

A

Nuts, bananas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Effect of B6 deficiency

A

Rare.
Can be reduced be excessive oestrogen levels (EG with very early contraceptive pills)
Need depends on protein intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Role of biotin
1
2

A

1) Adding CO2

2) Glucose, fat, amino acid synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Food sources of biotin

1-3

A

1) Brewer’s yeast
2) Cooked egg yolk
3) Soy beans

22
Q

Clinical effect of biotin deficiency

A

Skin of hands is shiny, dry, scaly.

23
Q

Role of folate

A

‘One carbon’ metabolism (EG amino acids, fat, purines for DNA synthesis)

24
Q

Sources of folate

A

Green vegetables

Liver

25
Q

Demographic in which folate deficiency is common

A

Elderly

Chronic alcoholics

26
Q

Effects of folate deficiency

1-3

A

1) Macrocytic anaemia
2) Neural tube defects (spina bifida)
3) Glossitis (with papillae atrophy, leaving a shiny surface)

27
Q

What can lead to spina bifida?

A

Folate deficiency in pregnancy

28
Q

Possible negative side-effect of public increase in folate intake

A

Increase in incidence of cancer (folate assists with rapidly-replicating cells)

29
Q

Role of vitamin B12

A

Folate metabolism

Transalkylation

30
Q

Food sources of B12

A

Meat
Egg yolk
Cheese

31
Q

Effect of B12 deficiency

A 
Neurological disorders
Pernicious anaemia (yellow tint to skin, prematurely blonde or grey hair)
32
Q

Unusual component of B12

A

Cobalt (hence ‘cobalmin’)

33
Q

Necessary factor for B12 absorption

A

Intrinsic factor.

Produced by parietal cells of the stomach

34
Q

Ways in which B12 deficiency can arise

A

Dietary

Intrinsic factor defect

35
Q

Role of vitamin C

1-4

A

1) Cofactor in collagen synthesis
2) Neurotransmitter metabolism
3) Iron absorption
4) Antioxidant

36
Q

Food sources of vitamin C

A

Citrus fruits

Cabbage

37
Q

Alternative name for vitamin C

A

Ascorbic acid

38
Q

Manner in which people with scurvy die

A

Collagen in arteries breaks down

39
Q

What is vitamin A derived from?

A

Beta carotene

40
Q

Where is vitamin A stored?

A

Liver

41
Q

Roles of vitamin A
1
2

A

1) Retinal (important for vision)

2) Retinol important in epithelial growth (healthy skin and eyes - corneal epithelium)

42
Q

From what is vitamin D derived from?

A

Cholesterol

43
Q

What does vitamin D require for synthesis?

A

UV

44
Q

Role of vitamin D

A

Ca2+ regulation (particularly absorption from the gut) and bone development

45
Q

Effect of vitamin D deficiency

A

Rickets in the young.

Osteomalacia in adults.

46
Q

Organs in which vitamin D is synthesised

A

Skin then the liver

47
Q

Why is it essential to consume Ca2+?

A

Lose about 1g per day through kidneys

48
Q

Effect of excessive vitamin D

A

Calcification of the kidneys

49
Q

Role of vitamin E

A

Antioxidant.

Inserts into membranes and intercepts free radicals

50
Q

Where is vitamin E found?

A

Seed oils

51
Q

Role of vitamin K

A

Important in blood clotting.
Activated thrombin causes fibrinogen to convert to fibrin and form a
blood clot. Inadequate clotting leads to haemorrhage.

52
Q

Source of vitamin K

A

Gut flora make a lot of vitamin K

1 - PBS2 (96 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions