46 - Oral Cavity and Oropharynx

Question 1

Bone forming the hard palate

Answer 1

Maxilla

Question 2

Parts of maxilla in hard palate

Answer 2

Alveolar arch
Palatine process of maxilla
Horizontal process of palatine bone

Question 3

Were is the soft palate?

Answer 3

Posterior to hard palate.

Uvula is most posterior part

Question 4

What forms floor of mouth?

Answer 4

Mylohyoid muscle.

Forms a diaphragm

Question 5

Muscles assocarted with mylohyoid muscle
1
2

Answer 5

Digastric muscles (external) and geniohyoid muscle (internal).

Question 6

What divides tongue into anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3?

Answer 6

Sulcus terminalis.

Question 7

What lies at the apex of sulcus terminalis?

Answer 7

Foramen caecum.

A closed duct, where thyroid gland descended during development (thyroglossal duct)

Question 8

Appearance of posterior 1/3 of tongue

Answer 8

Nodular.
Lymphoid tissue (called the lingual tonsils)

Question 9

Papillae of tongue (on anterior 1/3 of tongue)
1
2
3
4

Answer 9

Fungiform papillae (on mid-tongue).
Valate papillae (lie along sulcus terminalis)
Foliate papillae (on lateral tongue, near sulcus terminalis)
Filiform papillae (give tongue rough surface, grip bolus of food)

Question 10

Function of papillae

Answer 10

House tastebuds

Question 11

Role of extrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 11

Alter position of the tongue

Question 12

Role of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 12

Alter shape of the tongue

Question 13

Tongue extrinsic muscles
1
2
3
4

Answer 13

1) Geniglossus (attaches to genial tubercle of mandible, protracts tongue)
2) Palatoglossus (attaches to soft palate, elevates tongue)
3) Styloglossus (attaches to styloid process, retracts tongue)
4) Hyoglossus (attached to the hyoid bone, depresses tongue)

Question 14

Motor innervation of the tongue

Answer 14

All muscles innervated for CNXII, except for palatoglossus, which is CNX.

Question 15

Intrinsic tongue muscles
1
2
3

Answer 15

1) Superior longitudinal
2) Inferior longitudinal
3) Transverse and vertical

Question 16

Motor innervation of intrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 16

All innervated by CNXII

Question 17

Somatosensory innervation of tongue

Answer 17

1) Anterior 2/3 is by lingual nerve (from CNV3)
2) Posterior 1/3 is by glossopharyngeal nerve
3) Between anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 is a region of overlap

Question 18

Special sensory innervation of tongue

Answer 18

1) Anterior 2/3 is by CNVII chorda tympani (taste)

2) Posterior 1/3 is by CNIX

Question 19

Types of teeth

Answer 19

Incisors, canines, premolars, molars

Question 20

Number of teeth

Answer 20

16 on roof, 16 on floor

Question 21

Where are teeth embedded?

Answer 21

Superior alveolar arch in maxilla, inferior alveolar arch in mandible

Question 22

Location of wisdom teeth

Answer 22

Third molars

Question 23

Innervation of upper teeth

Answer 23

Branches of maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

Question 24

Innervation of lower teeth

Answer 24

Branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 25

Common site of referred dental pain

Answer 25

Maxillary sinus (from upper teeth, can present as sinusitis)

Question 26

Blood supply of teeth

Answer 26

Branches of external carotid

Question 27

Location of salivary glands
1
2
3

Answer 27

1) Parotid (anterior to external auditory meatus, over the top of masseter muscle)
2) Submandibular gland (two parts. One part inside oral cavity - superior to mylohyoid, one outside - interior to mylohyoid)
3) Sublingual gland (floor of the mouth, lateral to the tongue)

Question 28

Where does the submandibular gland open?

Answer 28

Opens into sublingual papilla

Question 29

Where does the sublingual gland open?

Answer 29

Into the lateral part of the floor of the mouth

Question 30

Vasculature under mucosa on the underside of tongue

Answer 30

Lingual arteries and veins

Question 31

Where does the oral cavity end?

Answer 31

At the end of the alveolar arches

Question 32

Structures in the oropharynx

Answer 32

Soft palate, posterior 1/3 of tongue, epiglottis, uvula, palato-pharyngeal arch, palato-glossal arch, palatine tonsils

Question 33

Arches in the oropharynx

Answer 33

Palato-glossal arch (formed by mucosa lying over palatoglossus). More anterior.

Palato-pharyngeal arch (formed by mucosa overlying palatopharyngeal muscle). More posterior.

Question 34

Location of the palatine tonsils

Answer 34

Lie between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

Question 35

Roles of soft palate

Answer 35

Seals the nasal cavity during swallowing, coughing and suction.

Seals oral cavity to allow unimpeded breathing during chewing

Question 36

Muscle of soft palate

Answer 36

Musculus uvulae

Question 37

What links musculus uvulae with hard palate?

Answer 37

Palatine aponeurosis

Question 38

Muscles supporting soft palate structure
1
2
3
4
5

Answer 38

1) Tensory veli palatini
2) Levator veli palatini
3) Musculus uvulae
4) Palatoglossus
5) Palatopharyngeus

Question 39

What innervates the muscles supporting the soft palate?

Answer 39

CNX.

Tensor vali palatini is innervated by CBV (‘T’ for tensor and trigeminal)

Question 40

Name for ring of incomplete ring of lymphoid tissue in the oropharynx and nasopharynx

Answer 40

Waldeyer’s ring.

Question 41

Waldeyer’s ring

Answer 41

All of the tonsilar tissue in the oropharynx and nasopharynx.
EG Pharyngeal, tubal, paptine, lingual lymphoid tissue (tonsils)