92 - Hip and Thigh Bones

Question 1

Location of iliac fossa

Answer 1

Internal portion of ilium

Question 2

Spines of iliac

Answer 2

Superior and inferior posterior and anterior spines

Question 3

Three lines projecting from posterior, anterior and inferior on lateral surface of ilium

Answer 3

Posterior, anterior and inferior gluteal lines, where gluteal muscles attach

Question 4

Muscle originating on smooth anterior surface of femur

Answer 4

Vastus medius

Question 5

Location of intertrochanteric line

Answer 5

Anterior on superior femur, between greater and lesser trochanters

Question 6

Spiral line

Answer 6

From lesser trochanter, and joins to medial lip of the linear aspera, then to medial supracondylar ridge

Question 7

Location of gluteal tubercle

Answer 7

Posterior side of femur, inferior to greater trochanter

Question 8

Does the anterior or posterior surface of the femur have more muscle attachments?

Answer 8

Posterior

Question 9

Where does gluteus maximus originate?

Answer 9

Between posterior gluteal line and sacrum

Question 10

Deep fascia of thigh

Answer 10

Fascia lata surrounds thigh.

Thickens laterally to form iliotibial band.

Question 11

Compartments of thigh

Answer 11

Anterior (largest)
Posterior
Medial
Divided by medial, lateral and posterior septa

Question 12

Contents of anterior thigh compartment

Answer 12

Hip flexors, knee extensors

Question 13

Contents of posterior thigh compartment

Answer 13

Hip extensors, knee flexors

Question 14

Contents of medial thigh compartment

Answer 14

Hip adductors

Question 15

In which compartment is the femoral artery?

Answer 15

Anterior compartment

Question 16

Innervation of anterior compartment

Answer 16

Femoral nerve

Question 17

Innervation of posterior compartment

Answer 17

Sciatic nerve

Question 18

Innervation of medial compartment

Answer 18

Obturator nerve

Question 19

Innervation of gluteal compartment (above gluteal tuberosity of femur)

Answer 19

Gluteal nerve

Question 20

Regions of the leg

Answer 20

Look at ‘leg regions’ picture

Question 21

Attachment and origin of sartorius

Answer 21

Originates at lateral pelvis, attaches to medial knee (to tibia, on pes anserinus)

Question 22

Most powerful hip flexor

Answer 22

Iliopsoas (made up of fusion of iliacus and psoas major)

Question 23

Origin of psoas major

Answer 23

L1-L5 vertebral bodies

Question 24

Origin of iliacus

Answer 24

Iliac fossa

Question 25

Relevance of arches between psoas major and the vertebral bodies to which it attaches

Answer 25

Form tunnels for nerves arising from the lumbar spine

Question 26

Insertion of iliopsoas

Answer 26

Traction epiphysis on lesser trochanter of femur

Question 27

Non communicating bursa of the hip joint, anteriorly

Answer 27

Between inssrtion of iliopsoas and hip joint capsule.

Question 28

Effect on spine of psoas major contraction

Answer 28

Generates compressive forces on lumbar spine, and shear forces on L5/S1, because of angle

Question 29

Tendon attachments at the pes anserinus | 1-4

Answer 29

``` Sartorius Gracilis Bursa Semitendinosus (say grace before tea) ```

Question 30

Two muscles of anterior compartment that aren't quadriceps

Answer 30

Sartorius and pectineus

Question 31

Pectineus origin and insterion

Answer 31

Originates on publis, inserts below lesser trochanter

Question 32

Innervation of pectineus

Answer 32

Femoral and obturator nerves

Question 33

Four heads of quadriceps

Answer 33

Rectus femoris (originates from anterior), vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius (all originate on femur)

Question 34

Quadricept muscle that can both extend knee, flex hip

Answer 34

Rectus femoris

Question 35

Origin and insertion of vastus medialis and lateralis

Answer 35

Vastus medialis originates on medial lip of linea aspera and intertrochanteric line. Vastus lateralis originates on lateral lip of linea aspera and the gluteal tuberosity Insert into the patella, and to the tibia via the patellar tendon.

Question 36

Vastus medialis oblique

Answer 36

Oblique fibres of vastus medialis, which pull patella medially.

Question 37

Articularis genu

Answer 37

Lies in anterior thigh compartment, deep to rectus femoris

Question 38

Patellar ligament

Answer 38

Links patella and tibia

Question 39

Adductor muscles | 1-5

Answer 39

Gracilis Adductor longus, brevis, magnus Obturator externus

Question 40

Origin and attachment of gracilis

Answer 40

Originates at pubis. | Inserts at pes answerinus

Question 41

Order of adductor muscles in thigh.

Answer 41

Adductor longus is most anterior. Adductor brevis is middle. Adductor magnus is most posterior.

Question 42

Origin and insertion of adductor magnus

Answer 42

Originates at pubis and ischial crest. Inserts to femur, above knee joint (medial) Has a gap, which allows vessels to travel between anterior compartment and popliteal fossa

Question 43

Location of obturator externus

Answer 43

Deep to adductor magnus

Question 44

Location of tensor fascia lata

Answer 44

Originates on iliac spine. | Attaches to iliotibial band

Question 45

Role of tensor fascia lata 1 2 3

Answer 45

Extensor at knee. Maintains tension in iliotibial band. Relieves femur of some weight-bearing forces

Question 46

Name for gait from damage to gluteus medius and minimus

Answer 46

Trendellenberg gait

Question 47

Attachment of gluteus maximus

Answer 47

Attaches to iliotibial band and gluteal tuberosity

Question 48

Insertion of gluteus medius and minimus

Answer 48

Greater trochanter of femur

Question 49

Short muscles that run in line with femoral neck

Answer 49

Lateral rotators. | Act as stabilisers.

Question 50

Key prime movers in hip external rotation

Answer 50

Piriformus and obturator internus (originate at pelvis, get innervation from pelvis)

Question 51

Key landmark to gluteal region

Answer 51

Piriformis (sciatic nerve, inferior gluteal nerve and artery emerge below it, superior gluteal nerve and artery emerge above it)

Question 52

Muscles of hamstrings | 1-3

Answer 52

- Biceps femoris (inferomedial) - Semitendinosus (inferomedial) - Semimembranosus (posterolateral)

Question 53

Semitendinosus location

Answer 53

Superficial to semitendinosus

Question 54

Heads of biceps femoris

Answer 54

Long head (crosses the knee) and short head (doesn't cross the knee).

Question 55

Origins of hamstring muscles

Answer 55

Biceps femoris and semitendinosus insert inferomedial hip. | Semimembranosis inserts into posterolateral hip

Question 56

Attachment of semimembranosus

Answer 56

Oblique popliteal ligament attaches to femur. | Rest inserts to posterior tibia (medial)

Question 57

Insertion of semitendinosus

Answer 57

Inserts to medial tibia, below semimembranosus

Question 58

Insertion of biceps femoris

Answer 58

Inserts into fibula (lateral)