92 - Hip and Thigh Bones Flashcards
Location of iliac fossa
Internal portion of ilium
Spines of iliac
Superior and inferior posterior and anterior spines
Three lines projecting from posterior, anterior and inferior on lateral surface of ilium
Posterior, anterior and inferior gluteal lines, where gluteal muscles attach
Muscle originating on smooth anterior surface of femur
Vastus medius
Location of intertrochanteric line
Anterior on superior femur, between greater and lesser trochanters
Spiral line
From lesser trochanter, and joins to medial lip of the linear aspera, then to medial supracondylar ridge
Location of gluteal tubercle
Posterior side of femur, inferior to greater trochanter
Does the anterior or posterior surface of the femur have more muscle attachments?
Posterior
Where does gluteus maximus originate?
Between posterior gluteal line and sacrum
Deep fascia of thigh
Fascia lata surrounds thigh.
Thickens laterally to form iliotibial band.
Compartments of thigh
Anterior (largest)
Posterior
Medial
Divided by medial, lateral and posterior septa
Contents of anterior thigh compartment
Hip flexors, knee extensors
Contents of posterior thigh compartment
Hip extensors, knee flexors
Contents of medial thigh compartment
Hip adductors
In which compartment is the femoral artery?
Anterior compartment
Innervation of anterior compartment
Femoral nerve
Innervation of posterior compartment
Sciatic nerve
Innervation of medial compartment
Obturator nerve
Innervation of gluteal compartment (above gluteal tuberosity of femur)
Gluteal nerve
Regions of the leg
Look at ‘leg regions’ picture
Attachment and origin of sartorius
Originates at lateral pelvis, attaches to medial knee (to tibia, on pes anserinus)
Most powerful hip flexor
Iliopsoas (made up of fusion of iliacus and psoas major)
Origin of psoas major
L1-L5 vertebral bodies
Origin of iliacus
Iliac fossa
Relevance of arches between psoas major and the vertebral bodies to which it attaches
Form tunnels for nerves arising from the lumbar spine
Insertion of iliopsoas
Traction epiphysis on lesser trochanter of femur
Non communicating bursa of the hip joint, anteriorly
Between inssrtion of iliopsoas and hip joint capsule.
Effect on spine of psoas major contraction
Generates compressive forces on lumbar spine, and shear forces on L5/S1, because of angle
Tendon attachments at the pes anserinus
1-4
Sartorius Gracilis Bursa Semitendinosus (say grace before tea)
Two muscles of anterior compartment that aren’t quadriceps
Sartorius and pectineus
Pectineus origin and insterion
Originates on publis, inserts below lesser trochanter
Innervation of pectineus
Femoral and obturator nerves
Four heads of quadriceps
Rectus femoris (originates from anterior), vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius (all originate on femur)
Quadricept muscle that can both extend knee, flex hip
Rectus femoris
Origin and insertion of vastus medialis and lateralis
Vastus medialis originates on medial lip of linea aspera and intertrochanteric line.
Vastus lateralis originates on lateral lip of linea aspera and the gluteal tuberosity
Insert into the patella, and to the tibia via the patellar tendon.
Vastus medialis oblique
Oblique fibres of vastus medialis, which pull patella medially.
Articularis genu
Lies in anterior thigh compartment, deep to rectus femoris
Patellar ligament
Links patella and tibia
Adductor muscles
1-5
Gracilis
Adductor longus, brevis, magnus
Obturator externus
Origin and attachment of gracilis
Originates at pubis.
Inserts at pes answerinus
Order of adductor muscles in thigh.
Adductor longus is most anterior.
Adductor brevis is middle.
Adductor magnus is most posterior.
Origin and insertion of adductor magnus
Originates at pubis and ischial crest.
Inserts to femur, above knee joint (medial)
Has a gap, which allows vessels to travel between anterior compartment and popliteal fossa
Location of obturator externus
Deep to adductor magnus
Location of tensor fascia lata
Originates on iliac spine.
Attaches to iliotibial band
Role of tensor fascia lata
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Extensor at knee.
Maintains tension in iliotibial band.
Relieves femur of some weight-bearing forces
Name for gait from damage to gluteus medius and minimus
Trendellenberg gait
Attachment of gluteus maximus
Attaches to iliotibial band and gluteal tuberosity
Insertion of gluteus medius and minimus
Greater trochanter of femur
Short muscles that run in line with femoral neck
Lateral rotators.
Act as stabilisers.
Key prime movers in hip external rotation
Piriformus and obturator internus (originate at pelvis, get innervation from pelvis)
Key landmark to gluteal region
Piriformis (sciatic nerve, inferior gluteal nerve and artery emerge below it, superior gluteal nerve and artery emerge above it)
Muscles of hamstrings
1-3
- Biceps femoris (inferomedial)
- Semitendinosus (inferomedial)
- Semimembranosus (posterolateral)
Semitendinosus location
Superficial to semitendinosus
Heads of biceps femoris
Long head (crosses the knee) and short head (doesn’t cross the knee).
Origins of hamstring muscles
Biceps femoris and semitendinosus insert inferomedial hip.
Semimembranosis inserts into posterolateral hip
Attachment of semimembranosus
Oblique popliteal ligament attaches to femur.
Rest inserts to posterior tibia (medial)
Insertion of semitendinosus
Inserts to medial tibia, below semimembranosus
Insertion of biceps femoris
Inserts into fibula (lateral)
