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🌿5 Biology > 🟢8 Cell diversity > Flashcards

🟢8 Cell diversity Flashcards

1
Q

Define a tissue

A

Group of similar cells that are modified (or adapted) to carry out the same function

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2
Q

How many cell types does a simple tissue have

A

ONE

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3
Q

How many cell types does a complex tissue have

A

MORE RHAN ONE

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4
Q

What are the four main types of plant tissue

A

Dermal
Vascular
Ground
Meristematic

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5
Q

Plant tissues:
Where is dermal tissue located

A

Epidermis is found as a covering on leaves, stems and roots

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6
Q

Plant tissues:
Function of dermal tissue

A

Protect the plant

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7
Q

Plant tissues:
What is a dermal tissue

A

Single layer of cells that surrounds diff parts of a plant
Thickened cell wall
Sometimes have water a proof layer called cuticle
Epidermis is a type of dermal tissye

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8
Q

Plant tissues:
What does vascular tissue do?

A

Transports materials around a plant

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9
Q

Plant tissues:
Is vascular tissue simple or complex tissue and why?

A

Complex as it consists of 2 types of cells
Xylem and Phloem

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10
Q

Plant tissues:
Describe Xylem

A

Hollow tubes with openings called pits
Runs from root to leaf

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11
Q

Plant tissues:
Function of xylem

A

Transport water and dissolved minerals
Provide support

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12
Q

Plant tissues:
Describe phloem

A

Series of Tube like structures found in leaves stems and roots

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13
Q

Plant tissues:
Function of phloem

A

Transport food from leaves to elsewhere in plant

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14
Q

What are the four main types of animal tissues

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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15
Q

Animal Tissue:
Describe connective tissue

A

Number of cells spread out in a matrix thats produced by connective cells

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16
Q

Animal Tissue:
Funxtion of connective tissue

A

Joins and supports other body structures

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17
Q

Animal Tissue:
Examples of connective tissue

A

Adipose tissue (which stores fat)
Cartilage
Bone
Blood (cuz it consists of RBCs WBCs and platelets suspended in a matrix of plasma)

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18
Q

Animal Tissue:
Describe nervous tissue

A

Composed of nerve cells called neurons

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19
Q

Animal Tissue:
Function of nervous tissue

A

neurons Carry electrical impulses to/from brain/spinal cord

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20
Q

Define TISSUE CULTURE

A

Growth of cells in or on a sterile nutrient medium outside an organism

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21
Q

What is IN VITRO growth

A

The growth of cells outside the body in an artificial environment

22
Q

How does tissue culture work?

A

Sample of tissue removed
Grown in glassware/bath/bioreactor under carefully controlled conditioms
Nutrients are needed to allow the cells to grow

23
Q

What does sterile mean

A

No micro-organisms are present

24
Q

Why would tissue culture be carried out in a bath of sterile fluid?

A

So no micro-organisms are present as they might grow faster than the desired cells and could contaminate the product

25
What is micropropogation?
Growth of large numbers of plants from very small plant pieces
26
How does micropropogation work/ Steps in micropropogation
Plant cut into v small pieces Cells are grown in a lab on a suitable medium Cells form a clump of similar cells called a **callus** Growing **conditions changed** so callus stays growing Young plant embyro formed Young plant formed Young plants are **planted outside** as normal small plants
27
3 benefits of micropropogation
Large no. of plants in a small time Plants grown this way are genetically identical Cheap
28
What does micropropogation tell us about nucleuses
Each nucleus has all the genes or instructions necessary to form an entire adult organism
29
What are antibodies
Special proteins that react with/join onto a particular chemical called an antigen Produced by WBCs
30
How can we affect cancer using tissue culture??
It is now possible to **produce** special **antibodies** (monoclonal antibodies/**MABs**) that will react with the antigens on cancer cells
31
What does MABs stand for Tissue culture+Cancer
Monoclonal antibodies
32
Benefits of MABs for cancer
1.May **colour change** when they react with cancer->identify if a sample is **cancerous or not** 2.MABs wont join with normal cells so if a toxic drug is attached, the drug will **only** deliver to cancer cells
33
How does tissue culture benefit ppl who have faced bad burns
Tissue culture can be used to grow new skin for patients
34
How does the advance of tissue culture affect skin grafts?
previously skin had to be taken from a healthy part of the body and moved to injured part Now skin can be grown from stem cells
35
What are stem cells *skin grafts*
Cells that can develop into any body tissue
36
Where can stem cells be taken from
Embryos Bone marrow Umbilical cord
37
Benefits of skin produced by tissue culture
No need to remove skin from another part of the body new skin is identical to patients skin and isn’t rejected by their bodu
38
Whats an organ
A structure composed of a number of **tissues** that **work together** to carry out one or more **functions**
39
Name three plant organs
Roots Stems Leaves Flowers Seeds Fruits
40
Name five Animal organs
Brain Lungs Heary Liver Kidney Stomach
41
Why is a leaf considered a plant organ? What tissues and function does it have
Leaf- Contains three type of plant tissue 1.**Dermal** (in epidermis) 2.**Vascular** (in xylem+phloem) 3.**Ground** (as palisade + mesophyll cells) All of these **combine** so the leaf can carry out **photosynthesis**
42
Why is the heart considered an animal organ? What tissues and function does it have
Contains all 4 types of animal tissue 1.**Muscular**-Walls of heart 2.**Epithelial**-Membrane of pericardium 3.**Connective**-Blood+blood vessels 4.**Nervous**-Controlled by pacemaker All these combine to **pump blood**
43
What is an organ system?
Number of organs working together to carry out 1/More functions
44
How many organ systems do humans have
10!!!!
45
Name 10 organ sustems
ESMDCRUNER Epithelial Skeletal Muscular Digestive Circulatory Respiratory Urinary Nervous Endocrine Reproductive
46
What do all organ systems combine to form?
The organism
47
What is included in Circulatory system
Heart,Blood,Blood Vessels,Lymph+LV
48
What are the functions of the circulatory system?
Transport materials around body Fight infection
49
What is included in digestive system
Mouth,oesophagus,stomach,small intestine, large intestine, anus
50
What are the functions of digestive system
Take in food Break it down Transfer digested food into circulatory system
51
Biological Organisation
Look at pg 100 in book xxxx Cell->Tissue->Organ->Organ System-> Organism

🌿5 Biology (29 decks)

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