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🌿5 Biology > 🟢8 Cell diversity > Flashcards

🟢8 Cell diversity Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define a tissue

A

Group of similar cells that are modified (or adapted) to carry out the same function

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2
Q

How many cell types does a simple tissue have

A

ONE

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3
Q

How many cell types does a complex tissue have

A

MORE RHAN ONE

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4
Q

What are the four main types of plant tissue

A

Dermal
Vascular
Ground
Meristematic

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5
Q

Plant tissues:
Where is dermal tissue located

A

Epidermis is found as a covering on leaves, stems and roots

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6
Q

Plant tissues:
Function of dermal tissue

A

Protect the plant

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7
Q

Plant tissues:
What is a dermal tissue

A

Single layer of cells that surrounds diff parts of a plant
Thickened cell wall
Sometimes have water a proof layer called cuticle
Epidermis is a type of dermal tissye

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8
Q

Plant tissues:
What does vascular tissue do?

A

Transports materials around a plant

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9
Q

Plant tissues:
Is vascular tissue simple or complex tissue and why?

A

Complex as it consists of 2 types of cells
Xylem and Phloem

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10
Q

Plant tissues:
Describe Xylem

A

Hollow tubes with openings called pits
Runs from root to leaf

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11
Q

Plant tissues:
Function of xylem

A

Transport water and dissolved minerals
Provide support

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12
Q

Plant tissues:
Describe phloem

A

Series of Tube like structures found in leaves stems and roots

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13
Q

Plant tissues:
Function of phloem

A

Transport food from leaves to elsewhere in plant

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14
Q

What are the four main types of animal tissues

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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15
Q

Animal Tissue:
Describe connective tissue

A

Number of cells spread out in a matrix thats produced by connective cells

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16
Q

Animal Tissue:
Funxtion of connective tissue

A

Joins and supports other body structures

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17
Q

Animal Tissue:
Examples of connective tissue

A

Adipose tissue (which stores fat)
Cartilage
Bone
Blood (cuz it consists of RBCs WBCs and platelets suspended in a matrix of plasma)

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18
Q

Animal Tissue:
Describe nervous tissue

A

Composed of nerve cells called neurons

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19
Q

Animal Tissue:
Function of nervous tissue

A

neurons Carry electrical impulses to/from brain/spinal cord

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20
Q

Define TISSUE CULTURE

A

Growth of cells in or on a sterile nutrient medium outside an organism

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21
Q

What is IN VITRO growth

A

The growth of cells outside the body in an artificial environment

22
Q

How does tissue culture work?

A

Sample of tissue removed
Grown in glassware/bath/bioreactor under carefully controlled conditioms
Nutrients are needed to allow the cells to grow

23
Q

What does sterile mean

A

No micro-organisms are present

24
Q

Why would tissue culture be carried out in a bath of sterile fluid?

A

So no micro-organisms are present as they might grow faster than the desired cells and could contaminate the product

25
Q

What is micropropogation?

A

Growth of large numbers of plants from very small plant pieces

26
Q

How does micropropogation work/
Steps in micropropogation

A

Plant cut into v small pieces

Cells are grown in a lab on a suitable medium

Cells form a clump of similar cells called a callus

Growing conditions changed so callus stays growing

Young plant embyro formed

Young plant formed

Young plants are planted outside as normal small plants

27
Q

3 benefits of micropropogation

A

Large no. of plants in a small time
Plants grown this way are genetically identical
Cheap

28
Q

What does micropropogation tell us about nucleuses

A

Each nucleus has all the genes or instructions necessary to form an entire adult organism

29
Q

What are antibodies

A

Special proteins that react with/join onto a particular chemical called an antigen
Produced by WBCs

30
Q

How can we affect cancer using tissue culture??

A

It is now possible to produce special antibodies (monoclonal antibodies/MABs) that will react with the antigens on cancer cells

31
Q

What does MABs stand for
Tissue culture+Cancer

A

Monoclonal antibodies

32
Q

Benefits of MABs for cancer

A

1.May colour change when they react with cancer->identify if a sample is cancerous or not

2.MABs wont join with normal cells so if a toxic drug is attached, the drug will only deliver to cancer cells

33
Q

How does tissue culture benefit ppl who have faced bad burns

A

Tissue culture can be used to grow new skin for patients

34
Q

How does the advance of tissue culture affect skin grafts?

A

previously skin had to be taken from a healthy part of the body and moved to injured part
Now skin can be grown from stem cells

35
Q

What are stem cells
skin grafts

A

Cells that can develop into any body tissue

36
Q

Where can stem cells be taken from

A

Embryos
Bone marrow
Umbilical cord

37
Q

Benefits of skin produced by tissue culture

A

No need to remove skin from another part of the body

new skin is identical to patients skin and isn’t rejected by their bodu

38
Q

Whats an organ

A

A structure composed of a number of tissues that work together to carry out one or more functions

39
Q

Name three plant organs

A

Roots
Stems
Leaves
Flowers
Seeds
Fruits

40
Q

Name five Animal organs

A

Brain
Lungs
Heary
Liver
Kidney
Stomach

41
Q

Why is a leaf considered a plant organ?
What tissues and function does it have

A

Leaf- Contains three type of plant tissue
1.Dermal (in epidermis)
2.Vascular (in xylem+phloem)
3.Ground (as palisade + mesophyll cells)
All of these combine so the leaf can carry out photosynthesis

42
Q

Why is the heart considered an animal organ?
What tissues and function does it have

A

Contains all 4 types of animal tissue
1.Muscular-Walls of heart
2.Epithelial-Membrane of pericardium
3.Connective-Blood+blood vessels
4.Nervous-Controlled by pacemaker
All these combine to pump blood

43
Q

What is an organ system?

A

Number of organs working together to carry out 1/More functions

44
Q

How many organ systems do humans have

A

10!!!!

45
Q

Name 10 organ sustems

A

ESMDCRUNER
Epithelial
Skeletal
Muscular
Digestive
Circulatory
Respiratory
Urinary
Nervous
Endocrine
Reproductive

46
Q

What do all organ systems combine to form?

A

The organism

47
Q

What is included in Circulatory system

A

Heart,Blood,Blood Vessels,Lymph+LV

48
Q

What are the functions of the circulatory system?

A

Transport materials around body
Fight infection

49
Q

What is included in digestive system

A

Mouth,oesophagus,stomach,small intestine, large intestine, anus

50
Q

What are the functions of digestive system

A

Take in food
Break it down
Transfer digested food into circulatory system

51
Q

Biological Organisation

A

Look at pg 100 in book xxxx
Cell->Tissue->Organ->Organ System-> Organism

🌿5 Biology (29 decks)

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