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๐ŸŒฟ5 Biology > 20 Monera > Flashcards

20 Monera Flashcards

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1
Q

What are micro-organisms

A

Small living things

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2
Q

Name three types of micro organism

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Plankton
Slime mould

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3
Q

What are the three bacterial types

A

Round
Rod
Spiral

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4
Q

What is the size range of bacteria

A

0.1 to 10 um in length

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5
Q

How many micrometers (um) in
a) meter
b) milimeter

A

a) 1,000,000
b) 1000

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6
Q

Whats structures are ALWAYS present in a bacterial cell

A

-Cell wall
-Cytoplasm
-Cell membrane
-Ribosome
-Storage granule
-Loop of dna

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7
Q

What structures ate SOMETIMES present in a bacterial cell

A

-Capsule (dry) or Slime Layer (moist)
-Flagella
-Plasmid (circle of dna)

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8
Q

What is a plasmid

A

Small circle loop of dna that is only sometimes present in a bacterial cell

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9
Q

What do plasmids contain

A

Genes that are responsible for bacterial resistance to antibiotics
-Used in genetic engineering

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10
Q

What is flagellas function in a bacterial cell

A

-Make it motile (move by itself)

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11
Q

Whats the purpose of a capsule surrounding a bacterial cell

A

-adds protection
-stops cell drying out
-Stops host WBCs from attacking

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12
Q

2 examples of round bacteria

A

-pneumonia
-sore throat
-food poisoning

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13
Q

2 examples of rod shaped bacteria

A

-Tuberculosis
-Tetanus (lock jaw)
-Botulism

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14
Q

2 examples of spiral bacteria

A

-Syphillis
-Cholera

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15
Q

Whats the name for spiral bacteria that is shaped like a comma

A

Vibrio (e.g cholera)

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16
Q

How do bacteria reproduce

A

Asexually with a method called binary fission

When it gets to a certain size the DNA strand (chromosome) copies itself
The cell elongates with a strand of DNA on each end until it splits by mitosis

17
Q

Why dont bacteria display genetic variety such as the genetic variett in animals

A

They reproduce asexually so theyre geneticslly identical

18
Q

How does bacteria evolve

A

They evolve very fast due to the speed at which new mutations can spread with the rapidly growing bacteria

19
Q

How does bacteria evolve resistance to new anyibiotics

A

Any new variation produced by a mutation can be passed on v quickly to a large number of bacteria.

20
Q

How can some bacteria withstand harsh and unfavourable conditions???!??! โ˜„๏ธโ˜„๏ธโ˜„๏ธ

A

By producing ENDOSPORES ๐Ÿ‘น๐Ÿ‘น๐Ÿ‘น

21
Q

When do endospores dorm

A

When the bacterial chromosome replicated, with one of the new strands becoming enclosed by a tough-walled endospore formed inside the parent cell.

The parent cell then breaks down, and the endospore can remain dormant for a long time

22
Q

When conditions are suitable what does the endospore do????!?! idk im gonna lms

A

when conditions are suitable the endospore, absorbs water and the tough wall breaks down.

the chromosome is copied, and a normal bacterium forms again,

this bacterium can then be reproduced by binary fission. ๏ฟผ

23
Q

Are endospres easy or hard to kill

A

endospores are very difficult to kill.
They can withstand lack of food and water, high temperatures and most poisons.
Theyโ€™re normally not even killed by boiling water.
Some can survive for hundreds of years. ๏ฟผ

24
Q

What is four different ways to bacteria get their food

A

saprophytic,
parasitic,
photosynthetic,
chemosynthetic

25
Q

what two ways of getting food are under the autotrophic heading

A

photosynthetic and chemosynthetic

26
Q

What is two ways of getting food are under the hetero traffic heading

A

Saprophytic and parasitic

27
Q

what does autotrophic mean?

A

Autotrphic means an organism makes its own food

28
Q

What does heterotrophic mean?

A

It means an organism takes in food made by other organisms

29
Q

What are saprophytes?

A

organisms that take in food from dead, organic matter,
they feed on dead sources. Examples of bacteria of decay.

30
Q

What is chemosynthesus

A

production of food using energy released from chemical reactions
Eg Nitrifying bacteria

31
Q

how do photosynthetic bacteria get food

A

Use light
Eg Purple sulfir bacteria

32
Q

How do parasitic bacteria get their food

A

Take food from the live host
Eg Disease causing bacteria

33
Q

what are parasites?

A

Organisms that take in food from a live host and usually cause harm
example pneumonia

34
Q

What are the five factors affecting the growth of bacteria

A

Temperature
Oxygen Concentration
pH
External Solute Concentration
Pressure

35
Q

How does pressure affect the growth of bacteria

A

Growth of most bacteria inhibited by high pressure as walls arent strong enough to withstand the high pressure

Some bacteria can withstand, deep sea vent bacterias

36
Q

How does External Solute Concentration affect bacteria growth

A

If external solution has a higher solute (e.g salt or sugar) concentration that the bacterial cytoplasm, water will move out of the bacteria

This dehydrated bacteria and stops their enzymes from working

If external solution has a lower solute (e.g salt or sugar) concentration than the bacterial cytoplasm, water will enter the bacteria
Usually wont burst

37
Q

What happens if bacterias external solution has a higher solute concentration than the bacterial cytoplasm

A

If external solution has a higher solute (e.g salt or sugar) concentration that the bacterial cytoplasm, water will move out of the bacteria

This dehydrated bacteria and stops their enzymes from working

This is why salt can be used as food preservation

38
Q

What happens if bacterias external solution has a lower solute concentration than the bacterial cytoplasm

A

If external solution has a lower solute (e.g salt or sugar) concentration than the bacterial cytoplasm, water will enter the bacteria

Usually wont burst

Most bacteria live this way

39
Q

What are endospores

A

Structura that forms to help DNA live in harsh conditions

๐ŸŒฟ5 Biology (29 decks)

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