20 Monera Flashcards
What are micro-organisms
Small living things
Name three types of micro organism
Bacteria
Fungi
Plankton
Slime mould
What are the three bacterial types
Round
Rod
Spiral
What is the size range of bacteria
0.1 to 10 um in length
How many micrometers (um) in
a) meter
b) milimeter
a) 1,000,000
b) 1000
Whats structures are ALWAYS present in a bacterial cell
-Cell wall
-Cytoplasm
-Cell membrane
-Ribosome
-Storage granule
-Loop of dna
What structures ate SOMETIMES present in a bacterial cell
-Capsule (dry) or Slime Layer (moist)
-Flagella
-Plasmid (circle of dna)
What is a plasmid
Small circle loop of dna that is only sometimes present in a bacterial cell
What do plasmids contain
Genes that are responsible for bacterial resistance to antibiotics
-Used in genetic engineering
What is flagellas function in a bacterial cell
-Make it motile (move by itself)
Whats the purpose of a capsule surrounding a bacterial cell
-adds protection
-stops cell drying out
-Stops host WBCs from attacking
2 examples of round bacteria
-pneumonia
-sore throat
-food poisoning
2 examples of rod shaped bacteria
-Tuberculosis
-Tetanus (lock jaw)
-Botulism
2 examples of spiral bacteria
-Syphillis
-Cholera
Whats the name for spiral bacteria that is shaped like a comma
Vibrio (e.g cholera)
How do bacteria reproduce
Asexually with a method called binary fission
When it gets to a certain size the DNA strand (chromosome) copies itself
The cell elongates with a strand of DNA on each end until it splits by mitosis
Why dont bacteria display genetic variety such as the genetic variett in animals
They reproduce asexually so theyre geneticslly identical
How does bacteria evolve
They evolve very fast due to the speed at which new mutations can spread with the rapidly growing bacteria
How does bacteria evolve resistance to new anyibiotics
Any new variation produced by a mutation can be passed on v quickly to a large number of bacteria.
How can some bacteria withstand harsh and unfavourable conditions???!??! βοΈβοΈβοΈ
By producing ENDOSPORES πΉπΉπΉ
When do endospores dorm
When the bacterial chromosome replicated, with one of the new strands becoming enclosed by a tough-walled endospore formed inside the parent cell.
The parent cell then breaks down, and the endospore can remain dormant for a long time
When conditions are suitable what does the endospore do????!?! idk im gonna lms
when conditions are suitable the endospore, absorbs water and the tough wall breaks down.
the chromosome is copied, and a normal bacterium forms again,
this bacterium can then be reproduced by binary fission. οΏΌ
Are endospres easy or hard to kill
endospores are very difficult to kill.
They can withstand lack of food and water, high temperatures and most poisons.
Theyβre normally not even killed by boiling water.
Some can survive for hundreds of years. οΏΌ
What is four different ways to bacteria get their food
saprophytic,
parasitic,
photosynthetic,
chemosynthetic
