🟢25 Blood Flashcards
What is plasma
Liquid part of the blood
Pale yellow liquid
Makes up 55% of the blood
What is plasma composed of
90% water
7% protein
3% dissolved materials
What are the main proteins in plasma
Antibodies (fight infection,neutralise foreign substances)
Clotting proteins (form clots)
Function of plasma
Transport dissolved materials (glucose,amino acids,minerals,vits,salts)
Carry heat
What is serum
This is plasma from which the clotting proteins have been removed
(Plasma without clotting proteins)
Where are red blood cells made
In the bone marrow of long bones (ribs,breastbone long bones innarms and legs)
Red blood consist of
A flexible membrane that surrounds a red,iron containing protein called haemoglobin
NO NUCLEI
NO MITOCHONDRIA
Biconcave shape
Can red blood cells repair themselves
No, so they live for about 4months
Dead red blood cells are broken down in the liver and spleen
What happens when red blood cells die
They are broken down in the liver and spleen
The iron is retained to be recycled into new haemoglobin
The rest of the cell is converted into bile pigments
Red blood cells function
Transport oxygen
Biconcave shape to allow as much oxygen as possible to be absorbed
Collects oxygen in areas of high concentration (lungs)
Releases oxygen in areas of low concentration (body cells)
Another name for white blood cells
Leucocytes
White blood cells:
Larger than red blood cells
No definite shape
Have a nucleus
Live for a few days
Less numerous than red cells (1:700)
Made in bone marrow and some mature in lymphatic system
White blood cell function
Defend the body against infection by engulfing pathogens aand by producing antibodies
What are phagocytes/monocytes/macrophages
WBCs that attack, engulf and digest bacteria by phagocytosis
(They eat bacteria)
5% of all WBCs
Live for 6-9 days
Kidney shaped nucleus
What are lymphocytes
WBCs that react to invading bacteria by producing antibodies
25% of all WBCs
Live for 3months->10 years
Large round nucleus little cytoplasm
How are platlets made
Made in bone marrow
A large cell called a megacyte is broken down to produce cell fragments called platelets
A platelet is smaller than a red blood cel
Platelets functions
Platelets allow blood to clot
-Blood clots:
Prevents blood loss
Prevent entry of foreign cells into
body
Functions of the blood
1TRANSPORT
-food waste products and hormones by plasma
-Oxygen in RBCs
-Heat in plasma
2DEFENCE
-WBCs (monocytes/phagocytes) engulf and digest bacteria
-WBCs (lymphocytes) make antibodies which destroy pathogens/foreign bodies
-Platlets clot blood, which prevents entry of pathogens
What is a pathogen
Something thats causing disease to its host
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites etc
What are the four blood groups
A
B
AB
O
How is a blood group determined
RBCs have many diff chemicals called antigens
Depending on the type of antigen present they are put into a blood group
Blood group O had no antigens
The rhesus factor
85% of irish ppl have A chemical called the Rhesus factor on their RBCs
If you are blood group A and have the Rhesus factor on your RBC you are APositive/Rhesus positive
If not you are Anegative/Rhesus negative
Relationship between haemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin
Haemoglobi>Lungs> Oxyhaemoglobin
(Purple) (Bright red)
What is oxyhaemoglobin
Haemoglobin and oxygen form a losse chemical union
