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🌿5 Biology > 36 Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

36 Musculoskeletal Flashcards

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1
Q

What bones is the Axial Skeleton consisted of

A

Skull
Vertebra
Sternum
Ribs

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2
Q

What bones is the Appendicular Skeleton consisted of

A

Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Digits
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Digits

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3
Q

Functions of the skeleton

A

1.Support-Skeleton holds body up
2.Shape-Gives shape to body
3.Protection- Skull protects brain
Backbone protects spinalcord
Ribs protect lungs
4.Movement:Bones provide rigid levers which muscles csn pull off
5.Manufacture of BCs- RBCs WBCs and platelets are made in bone marrow

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4
Q

How many bones are in the skull

A

22

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5
Q

how many bones in the spine

A

33, called vertabrae

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6
Q

Region and no. of vertabrae in spine

A

Region—————No.of Vertabrae
Cervical(neck) | 7
Thoracic(chest) | 12
Lumbar(back) | 5
Sacrum(hip) | 5
Coccyz(tail) | 4

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7
Q

How many pairs of ribs do we have

A

12

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8
Q

Label parts of a TS of a typical vertebra

A

Neural spine (pointy out bit)
Transverse process (long side)
Neural canal (Smaller hole in mid)
Centrum (Big pocket at bottom)
Facet (circle on sides)

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9
Q

What is the common function of Neural Spine and the Transverse Process in a typical vertebra

A

For muscular attachment

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10
Q

Whats the function of the neural canal of a typical vertebr

A

Contains the spinal cord

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11
Q

Whats the function of the centrum in a typical vertebra

A

Gives strenght

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12
Q

Whats the function of the facet of a typical vertebra

A

Where next vertebra rotates against

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13
Q

True or false
All ribs are attached to the vertabrae of tbe spine

A

True

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14
Q

What are classified as true ribs

A

The top seven ribs attached to the breastbone at the front of the body

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15
Q

What are classified as false ribs

A

The next three ribs (8,9,10) attached to eachother at front of chest by cartilage

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16
Q

What are classified as floating ribs

A

The bottom two ribs as they are only attached to the spine they dont attach to anything at he front of body

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17
Q

What does the pectoral girdle consist of

A

Clavicle (collarbone)
Scapula (shoulderblade)

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18
Q

lWhat is the pelvic girlde composed of

A

To halves of the hip joined to the sacrum

19
Q

What flexible fibrous protein is in Cartilage?

A

Collagen

20
Q

Why is cartilage slower to heal than bone?

A

It lacks blood vessels and nerves, for transport it depends on materials diffusing through to cells that form it.
Bone has a rich blood supply

21
Q

Where is cartilage found?

A

Pinna of the ear
The nose
The trachea
In the discs between vertabrae
Covers ends of bones

22
Q

What is the function of cartilage

A

Protects bones by acting as a shock absorber and allows friction free movement

23
Q

Whats the name of the membrane that long bones are enclosed by

A

Periosteum

24
Q

What does the membrane periosteum contain

A

Periosteum encloses long bones such as the femur
It contains blood vessels and nerves

25
Q

What is the long shaft of a long bone called

A

Diaphysis

26
Q

What is the head of a long bone called

A

Epiphysis

27
Q

What is the function of compact bone

A

The calcium salta give compact bone its strength and protein gives bone its flexibility

28
Q

What is the function of spongy bone

A

Makes blood cells and gives strength and rigidity to the skeleton

29
Q

What do the hollows in spongy bone contain

A

Theyre filled with red bone marrow which produces blood cells

30
Q

What is an osteoblast

A

bone forming cell

31
Q

what is an osteoclast

A

Bone digesting cell

32
Q

What is synovial fluid

A

Produced in movable joints to lubricate and reduce friction

33
Q

What are ligaments

A

Strong fibrous slightly elastic tissues that connect bone to bone

34
Q

What are tendons

A

Strong flexible INELASTIC fibres
connect muscle to bone

35
Q

What is a growth plate

A

Area between epiphysis and diaphysis in a long bone
bon growth occurs here

36
Q

What is a joint

A

Where two or more bones join

37
Q

What is an antagonistic pair

A

Two muscles fhat have opposite effects to eachother

38
Q

Example of antagonistic pair

A

Tricep bicep

39
Q

What is a growth plate made of

A

Cartilage

40
Q

Whats is the process of cartilage veing formed into bone

A

Ossified (ossification)

41
Q

Where is the medullary cavity located in a long bone

A

It is the innermost cavity in a long bone

42
Q

What does the medullary cavity contain

A

It contains bone marrow

43
Q

What does the medullary cavity of adults contain

A

Yellow fat rich marrow

44
Q

Whatss another name for bucep

A

flexor

🌿5 Biology (29 decks)

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