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🌿5 Biology > 🟢7 Cell Structure > Flashcards

🟢7 Cell Structure Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many lenses in a compound microscopes

A

Two lenses

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2
Q

What is an ultrastructure of a cell

A

Ultrastructure is the detail of a structure as seen using an electron microscope

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3
Q

What are electron microscopes

A

These miscrosopes use a beam of electrons instead of light.

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4
Q

Two types of electron microscopes

A

TEM) Transmission electron microsope
-Sends beam of electrons throu a thin section of the specimen. Shows internal structure of the specimen in great detail.
SEM) Scanning electron microscope
-Uses a beam of electrons to provide a surface view of the specimen

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5
Q

What is the protoplasm of a cell

A

This is all the living parts of a cell
(cytoplasm,nucleus)

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6
Q

What is the cytoplasm

A

The living material in a cell outside the nucleus

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7
Q

What is the cell wall made of

A

cellulose

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8
Q

What is cellulose

A

Its a strong structural carbohydrate (polysaccharide).
Main component in cotton and wool

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9
Q

What is the fluid inside vacuole

A

Cell sap (solution of salts,sugars and pigments)

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10
Q

Plant cells that are green contain

A

chloroplasts.
This is where photosynthesis takes place

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11
Q

How high of a magnification can electron microscopes give

A

They can give magnifications of 250000 or higher

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12
Q

What is the cell membrane composed of

A

Phospholipids and proteins

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13
Q

How are phospholipids aranged in cell membrane

A

Arenged into double layers (bilayers)
The phosphates are on the outer side with the lipids in the middle
°
/\

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14
Q

Where are proteins located in a cell membrane

A

They are partially or completely embedded in the phospholipid bilayer
Some are attached and others can move throughout the bilayer

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15
Q

4 Main functions of Cell Membrane

A

1.Retain cell contents
2.Control what goes in/out
3.Gives some support to the cell
4.Recognise molecules thst can touch them

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16
Q

Why is cell membrane said to be selectively/semi permeable

A

It allows some molecules in and prevents others

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17
Q

What is the nucleus in relatipn to the cell

A

Control centre of the cell

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18
Q

What is the nucleus surrounded by?

A

A double membrane with numerous nuclear pores

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19
Q

what do nuclear pores do for the nucleus?

A

Allow controlled entry/exit of molecules in/out of the nucleus

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20
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

21
Q

What does the nucleus contain

A

Strands of DNA which are arranged into structures called chromosomes

22
Q

how many chromosomes does a human have

A

46

23
Q

Define chromatin

A

name given to chromosomes when they are elongated and not dividing (ie. most of the time)

24
Q

What are genes and what do they do

A

They are the structures that inform the cell how to make certain proteins

Control:eye colour, fingers, production of enzymes + much more

25
Q

Where are genes located??

A

They’re located randomly along chromosomes

26
Q

Whats another name for genes

A

Units of inheritance

27
Q

what are somatic cells

A

all cells except the sex cells(gametes)

28
Q

What are the infoldings of mitochondria also known as

A

Crystae

29
Q

What do nuclear pores do

A

They allow a type of RNA (ribonucleic acid) called mRNA (messenger RNA) to pass in/out of the nucleus

30
Q

What is nucleolus and what does it do

A

Area in the nucleus that stains very darkly
Makes ribosomes (which make proteins)

31
Q

What is the cytoplasm and what does it contain

A

Jelly like liquid in a cell that surrounds the nucleus
Suspends a few organelles (mitochondria, ribosomes, etc)

32
Q

What does the mitochondria supply to the cell

A

ENERGY 🔋

33
Q

What are mitochondria

A

Sites of respiration in a cell
Supply energy
Each mitochondria has its own dna loop
The more mitochondria in a cell the more energy produced

34
Q

Where is energy released inside a mitochondria

A

Its released in the infoldings (crystae)
The more infoldings the more surface area for cellular respiration which leads to more energy production

35
Q

What are chloroplasts (plant only)

A

Green structures in plants in which photosynthesis takes place

Contain dna loop

Surrounded by double membrane

Green due to chlorophyll in the membrane stacks

36
Q

What is the function of a cell wall (plant only)

A

Supoort and strengthen the cell

37
Q

How permeable is a cell wall? (plant only)

A

Fully permeable
lets all molecules in or out

38
Q

What are plant cell walls made of

A

Cellulose which is a structural polysaccharide

39
Q

What is the function of ribosomes

A

Make protein 💪

40
Q

What are ribosomes made of

A

RNA and protein

41
Q

How do ribosomes work

A

They work by combining a sequence of amino acids to form a protein

42
Q

Name 3 Differences between Animal and Plant cells

A

PC have cell wall, AC dont
PC may have chloroplasts AC dont
PC have big vacuole AC dont

43
Q

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

Pro- dont have a membrane enclosed nucleus or membrane enclosed organelles
Eu- have a nucleus and cell organelles enclosed by membrane

44
Q

What are prokaryotic cells

A

-Single celled
-Circular loop of DNA (not surrounded by
membrane)
-Small cells
-E.gBacteria

45
Q

What are Eukaryotic cells

A

-Have a nucleus (Dna enclosed in
membrane)
-Large cells
-more advanced than prokaryotic cells
-many membrane enclosed organelles
-E.g Animals, Plants, Fungi

46
Q

EXPERIMENT
what animal and plant cell did we observe

A

Animal-Cheek cell
Plant- Onion cell

47
Q

EXPERIMENT
What was used to stain the plant cell?

A

Iodine solution
Red yellow stain
Nucleus orange
Cytoplasm yellow

48
Q

EXPERIMENT
What was used to stain the animal cell?

A

Methylene blue
Nucleus dark blue
Cytoplasm light blue

🌿5 Biology (29 decks)

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