Laboratory 17 : Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb Flashcards
What does the pelvic girdle include?
The pelvic girl includes two hip bones, commonly called the ossa coxae, that articulate with each other anteriorly at the pubic symphysis.
Where do the hip bones articulate with each other (anteriorly)?
Anteriorly at the pubic symphysis.
What constitutes the pelvis?
The pelvic girdle, sacrum, and coccyx.
What does the pelvis do?
Provides support for the trunk of the body and provides attachments for the lower limbs.
What does the pelvis support and protect?
The pelvis supports and protects the viscera in the pelvic region of the abdominal cavity.
What is the pelvic outlet?
Includes the coccyx, inferior border of the pubic symphysis and between the ischial tuberosities.
Why is the pelvic outlet important in females?
The pelvic outlet must be large enough to successfully accommodate the fetal head during delivery.
What does each acetabulum of hip bones articulate with?
Each acetabulum of a hip bone articulates with the head of the femur of a lower limb.
Which joint is more stable, hip or shoulder?
Hip joint.
What do the bones of the lower limb form?
The bones of the lower limb form the frame work of the thigh, leg, and foot.
What does the thigh represent anatomically?
Represents the region from hip to knee.
What does the leg represent anatomically?
Leg is from knee to ankle.
What does foot represent anatomically?
Foot is from ankle to toe.
What bone does the thigh represent?
Femur
What bone does the knee include?
Patella.
What bones does the leg include?
Fibula, Tibula
What bones does the foot include?
Seven tarsals, five metatarsals, and fourteen phalanges.
How many tarsals ?
Seven
How many metatarsals?
Five
How many phalanges in the foot
Fourteen
What do all the bones in the lower limb have in common?
These bones and muscles attached to them provide weight bearing support and locomotion and thus are considerably larger and possess more stable joints than those of an upper limb.
What does the pelvic girdle support?
Supports the majority of the weight of the head neck and trunk.
Where does the hip bone originate?
Three seperate ossification areas known as ilium, isichium, and pubis.
When are hip bones formed?
The ilium, isichuim and pubis are three bones in a child but eventually fuse into a single bone.
Where do the hip bones fuse?
All three parts of the hip bone fuse within the acetabulum.
Where do the ischium and pubis also fuse?
They also fuse along the inferior portion of the obturator foramen.
What is the acetabulum?
The acetabulum is a well formed deep socket that articulates with the head of the femur.
What is the obturator foramen?
The obturator foramen is the largest foramen in the body. It serves as a passage way of blood vessels and nerves between the pelvic cavity and the thigh.
What is the median sacral crest?
Is near the middle of the posterior surface of the pelvis, somewhat superior to the coccyx.
What is the ilium?
The ilium is the largest portion of the hip bone and its iliac crest can be palpated along the anterior and lateral portions.
What is the greater sciatic notch?
Portion in illium.
What is the auricular surface?
Portion in illium that articulates with sacrum to form sacroiliac joint
What is the ischial tuberosity?
Supports weight of the body when seated
What is the pubic symphysis?
Cartilagenous joint between pubic bones.
What is the pubic arch?
Formed by a pubic bones pelvis
What is the acetabulum formed by?
Formed by portions of the ilium, ischium and pubis.
What is the obturator foramen formed by?
Formed by portions of the ilium, ischium and pubis.
What is the strongest bone in the human body?
Femur
What is the weakest part of the femur?
The neck of the femur is the weakest part. It is a common fracture site especially if the person has some degree of osteoporosis.
What is the difference between male and female general structure of pelvis?
Male: Heavier, thicker bones and processes
Female: Lighter, thinner bones and processes
What is the difference between male and female sacrum?
Male: Narrower and lighter
Female: Wider and shorter
What is the difference between male and female coccyx?
Male: Less Moveable
Female: More moveable
What is the difference between male and female pelvic outlet?
Male: Smaller
Female: Larger
What is the difference between male and female Greater Sciotic Notch?
Male: Narrower
Female: Wider
What is the difference between male and female Obturator foramen?
Male: Round
Female: Triangular to oval
What is the difference between male and female Acetabula?
Male: Larger; close together
Female: Smaller, farther apart
What is the difference between male and female pubic arch?
Male: Usually 90 degrees or less, more v shaped
Female: Usually greater then 90 degrees
What is the difference between male and female Ischial spines?
Male: Longer, closer together.
Female: Shorter, farther apart
What is the difference between male and female ischial tuberosities?
Male: Rougher, closer together
Female: Smoother, farther apart
What is the difference between illiac crests male and female?
Male: Less flared closer together
Female: More flared further apart
