7. Male Reproductive System Flashcards
epididym/o
epididymis
balan/o
glans penis
pen/i, phall/o
penis
preputi/o
prepuce
prostat/o
prostate
scrot/o
scrotum
semin/i
semen
vesicul/o
seminal vesicle
sperm/o, spermat/o
spermatozoon
test/o, testicul/o, orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o
testicle, testis
urethr/o
urethra
vas/o
vas deferens, ductus deferens
anorchism
AN or kih zum
condition of being born without a testicle
cryptorchidism
kript OR kid iz um
condition in which the testicles fail to descend into the scrotum before birth
AKA cryptorchism
hyperspadias / epispadias
hyper=excess, epi=above
urethral opening on the dorsum (outward-facing side) of the penis rather than on the tip
dorsum = located anteriorly
hypospadias
hypo=below
urethral opening on the ventral (scrotal-side) surface of the penis instead of on the tip
ventral = in contact with the scrotum
phimosis
FYE moh sis
congenital condition of tightening of the prepuce around the glans penis so that the foreskin cannot be retracted
aspermia
a SPUR mee ah
condition in which no spermatozoa are present, nor any semen formed or ejaculated
azoospermia
a zoh uh SPUR mee ah
condition of no living sperm in the semen
balanitis
inflammation of the glans penis
benign prostatic hyperplasia
abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland surrounding the urethra, leading to difficulty with urination
AKA benign prostatic hypertrophy
epididymitis
inflammation of the epididymis, usually as a result of an ascending infection through the genitourinary tract
erectile dysfunction (ED)
inability to achieve or sustain a penile erection for sexual intercourse
AKA impotence
gynecomastia
enlargement of either unilateral or bilateral breast tissue in the male
gynec/o is a reference to the appearance of the breast, not to a female
hydrocele
HYE droh seel
accumulation of fluid in the tunica vaginalis testis
Fig A
oligospermia
OLL ih goh spur mee ah
insufficient number of spermatozoa in semen
condition of temporary or permanent deficiency of sperm in the seminal fluid related to azoospermia
orchitis / testitis
inflammation of the testicles may or may not be associated with the mumps virus
prostatitis
pros tah TYE tis
inflammation of the prostate gland
testicular torsion
twisting of a testicle on its spermatic cord, usually caused by trauma
may lead to ischemia of the testicle
varicocele
abnormal dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord can lead to infertility
Fig B
vesiculitis
inflammation of a seminal vesicle, usually associated with prostatitis
gonorrhea
disease caused by the gram-negative diplococcus Neisseria gonorrhoease bacterium, which manifests itself as inflammation of the urethra, prostate, rectum, or pharynx
the cervix or fallopian tubes may also be involved in females, although they may appear to be asymptomatic
herpes genitalis (HSV-2)
form of the herpes virus transmitted through sexual contact, causing recurring painful vesicular eruptions
human papilloma virus (HPV)
virus that causes common warts of the hands and feet and lesions of the mucous membranes of the oral, anal, and genital cavities
a genital wart is referred to as a condyloma
nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)
non gon uh KOCK ul yoor ih THRY tis
inflammation of the urethra caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, or Ureaplasma urealyticum
syphilis
multistage STD caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum a highly infection chancre (SHANK ur), a painless, red pustule, appears in the first stage, usually on the genitals
benign prostatic hypertrophy
overgrowth of prostatic tissue that occurs in many men over the age of 50
AKA benign prostatic hyperplasia
Leydig and Sertoli cell tumors
testicular tumors that arise from the stromal tissue of the testes that produce hormones
usually benign
teratoma
a tumor that is a type of nonseminoma, usually benign in children because these tumors are created from germ cells, they have half of the necessary genetic information to form an individual
AKA dermoid cyst
adenocarcinoma of the prostate
AD ih noh kar sih NOH muh
prostate cancer diagnosed in 1 out of every 6 men
treatable with early detection
nonseminoma
malignant germ cell tumor (GCT) that accounts for the majority of testicular cancer cases
occurs in younger men, usually b/w ages of 15 and 35
e.g., teratocarcinoma
seminoma
malignant germ cell tumor (GCT) that develops from the cells that form sperm
digital rectal examination (DRE)
insertion of a gloved finger into the rectum to palpate the prostate
fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS)
tree puhn EE muhl
definitive test for diagnosing syphilis
treponema = spiral shaped bacteria
gram stain
test that can be used to diagnose gonorrhea (which has gram negative bacteria)
prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
blood test for prostatic hypertrophy, with very high levels potentially indicating prostate cancer
sperm analysis
count and analysis of the number and health of the spermatozoa as a test for male fertility
AKA sperm count, semen analysis
venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test
test used to screen for syphilis
abalation
removal of tissue by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, or radiofrequency energy
anastomosis
ah nas tih MOH sis
new connection created between two usually hollow structures that did not previously exist
castration
removal of both gonads in the male or the female
circumcision
surgical procedure in which the prepuce of the penis or clitoris is excised
orchidectomy
removal of one or both testicles
orchiopexy
ORK ee oh peck see
surgical procedure to mobilize an undescended testicle, attaching it to the scrotum
if not corrected before puberty, is a risk factor for infertility and testicular cancer
prostatectomy
removal of the prostate gland
sterilization
process of rendering a male or female barren
transurethral incision of the prostate
form of prostate surgery involving tiny incisions of the prostate the prostate is not removed
transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR, TURP)
removal of the prostate in sections through a urethral approach
vasectomy
incision, ligation, and cauterization of both of the vas deferens for the purpose of male sterilization
vasovasostomy
vay zoh vayse OSS tuh mee
anastomosis of the ends of vas deferens as a means of reconnecting them to reverse the sterilization procedure
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy
Bx
biopsy
DRE
digital rectal examination
FTA-ABS
fluorescent treponemal antibody test
Gc
gonococcus
HSV-2
herpes simplex virus-2, herpes genitalis
M
male
NGU
nongonococcal urethritis
inflammation of the urethra caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, or Ureaplasma urealyticum
PSA
prostate-specific antigen
STD
sexually transmitted disease
TUIP
transurethral incision of the prostate
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate
TUR
transurethral resection (of the prostate)
VD
venereal disease
VDRL
Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (for syphilis)
parenchymal tissue
PURR enk uh muhl
primary tissue
performs primary functions
in the reproductive system → producing cells for reproduction
stromal tissue
secondary tissue
serves a supportive function
glands, nerves, ducts & other male reproductive tissues serve a supporting role in producing, maintaining, and transmitting sex cells
gonads
parenchymal organs of the reproductive system
e.g., testes/testicles
gametes
sex cells
e.g., spermatozoa
testis
one of the two egg-shapped male gonads, suspended in a sac called the scrotum
produces testosterone and sperm
tunica vaginalis testis
serous membrane covering the testis
seminiferous tubules
tightly coiled tubes within the testis where spermatogenesis occurs (spermatozoa are formed)
epididymis
(pl. epididymides)
an elongated cordlike structure located along the posterior border of the testis
where spermatozoa, once formed in the seminiferous tubules, are stored until ejaculation
vas deferens
excretory duct of the testis
the vas deferens is joined by the duct from the seminal vesicle, which adds a thick, nutritive fluid for the sperm
the union of these two ducts (vas deferens & seminal vesicle) forms the ejaculatory duct, a short duct that passes through the prostate gland, from where it picks up alkaline fluid before opening into the urethra
spermatic cord
contains the blood vessels supplying the testis and epididymis
encloses the vas deferens
vas ampullae
AM pull ee
dilated distal ends of the vas deferens
ampulla (AM pull ah) = any dilated section of a tubelike structure
bulbourethral gland
one of two glands situated on each side of the prostate
drains to the urethra and secretes an alkaline component of seminal fluid
AKA Cowper’s gland
prostate gland
a gland in the male surrounding the neck of the bladder and the urethra
produces a secretion that contains citric acid, acid phosphatase, and proteolytic enzymes that liquefy coagulated semen
semen
(pl. semina)
composed of spermatozoa in their nutrient plasma along with secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate, and other glands
AKA seminal fluid
glans penis
cap-shaped expansion of the corpus spongiosum at the tip of the penis
AKA balanus
prepuce
PRE pyoos
fold of skin forming a retractable cover
AKA foreskin
seminal vesicle
pouchlike pyramidal glandular structure attached to the posterior portion of the urinary bladder
the vas deferens is joined by the duct from the seminal vesicle, which adds a thick, nutritive fluid for the sperm
the union of these two ducts (vas deferens & seminal vesicle) forms the ejaculatory duct, a short duct that passes through the prostate gland, from where it picks up alkaline fluid before opening into the urethra
produces about 70% of the seminal fluid
varyx
(pl. varices)
abnormally dilated vessel with a tortuous course
spadias
a rent or tear
-plasia
formation
gon/o
seed
radical prostatectomy
seminal vesicles and area of vas ampullae of the vas deferens were also removed with the prostate
urethra
hollow tube that carries both semen and urine
starts after the prostate gland
