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medical terminology > 7. Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

7. Male Reproductive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

epididym/o

A

epididymis

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2
Q

balan/o

A

glans penis

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3
Q

pen/i, phall/o

A

penis

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4
Q

preputi/o

A

prepuce

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5
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate

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6
Q

scrot/o

A

scrotum

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7
Q

semin/i

A

semen

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8
Q

vesicul/o

A

seminal vesicle

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9
Q

sperm/o, spermat/o

A

spermatozoon

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10
Q

test/o, testicul/o, orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

A

testicle, testis

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11
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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12
Q

vas/o

A

vas deferens, ductus deferens

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13
Q

anorchism

AN or kih zum

A

condition of being born without a testicle

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14
Q

cryptorchidism

kript OR kid iz um

A

condition in which the testicles fail to descend into the scrotum before birth

AKA cryptorchism

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15
Q

hyperspadias / epispadias

A

hyper=excess, epi=above

urethral opening on the dorsum (outward-facing side) of the penis rather than on the tip

dorsum = located anteriorly

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16
Q

hypospadias

A

hypo=below

urethral opening on the ventral (scrotal-side) surface of the penis instead of on the tip

ventral = in contact with the scrotum

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17
Q

phimosis

FYE moh sis

A

congenital condition of tightening of the prepuce around the glans penis so that the foreskin cannot be retracted

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18
Q

aspermia

a SPUR mee ah

A

condition in which no spermatozoa are present, nor any semen formed or ejaculated

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19
Q

azoospermia

a zoh uh SPUR mee ah

A

condition of no living sperm in the semen

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20
Q

balanitis

A

inflammation of the glans penis

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21
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland surrounding the urethra, leading to difficulty with urination

AKA benign prostatic hypertrophy

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22
Q

epididymitis

A

inflammation of the epididymis, usually as a result of an ascending infection through the genitourinary tract

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23
Q

erectile dysfunction (ED)

A

inability to achieve or sustain a penile erection for sexual intercourse

AKA impotence

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24
Q

gynecomastia

A

enlargement of either unilateral or bilateral breast tissue in the male

gynec/o is a reference to the appearance of the breast, not to a female

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25
Q

hydrocele

HYE droh seel

A

accumulation of fluid in the tunica vaginalis testis

Fig A

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26
Q

oligospermia

OLL ih goh spur mee ah

A

insufficient number of spermatozoa in semen

condition of temporary or permanent deficiency of sperm in the seminal fluid related to azoospermia

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27
Q

orchitis / testitis

A

inflammation of the testicles may or may not be associated with the mumps virus

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28
Q

prostatitis

pros tah TYE tis

A

inflammation of the prostate gland

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29
Q

testicular torsion

A

twisting of a testicle on its spermatic cord, usually caused by trauma

may lead to ischemia of the testicle

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30
Q

varicocele

A

abnormal dilation of the veins of the spermatic cord can lead to infertility

Fig B

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31
Q

vesiculitis

A

inflammation of a seminal vesicle, usually associated with prostatitis

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32
Q

gonorrhea

A

disease caused by the gram-negative diplococcus Neisseria gonorrhoease bacterium, which manifests itself as inflammation of the urethra, prostate, rectum, or pharynx

the cervix or fallopian tubes may also be involved in females, although they may appear to be asymptomatic

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33
Q

herpes genitalis (HSV-2)

A

form of the herpes virus transmitted through sexual contact, causing recurring painful vesicular eruptions

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34
Q

human papilloma virus (HPV)

A

virus that causes common warts of the hands and feet and lesions of the mucous membranes of the oral, anal, and genital cavities

a genital wart is referred to as a condyloma

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35
Q

nongonococcal urethritis (NGU)

non gon uh KOCK ul yoor ih THRY tis

A

inflammation of the urethra caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, or Ureaplasma urealyticum

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36
Q

syphilis

A

multistage STD caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum a highly infection chancre (SHANK ur), a painless, red pustule, appears in the first stage, usually on the genitals

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37
Q

benign prostatic hypertrophy

A

overgrowth of prostatic tissue that occurs in many men over the age of 50

AKA benign prostatic hyperplasia

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38
Q

Leydig and Sertoli cell tumors

A

testicular tumors that arise from the stromal tissue of the testes that produce hormones

usually benign

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39
Q

teratoma

A

a tumor that is a type of nonseminoma, usually benign in children because these tumors are created from germ cells, they have half of the necessary genetic information to form an individual

AKA dermoid cyst

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40
Q

adenocarcinoma of the prostate

AD ih noh kar sih NOH muh

A

prostate cancer diagnosed in 1 out of every 6 men

treatable with early detection

41
Q

nonseminoma

A

malignant germ cell tumor (GCT) that accounts for the majority of testicular cancer cases

occurs in younger men, usually b/w ages of 15 and 35

e.g., teratocarcinoma

42
Q

seminoma

A

malignant germ cell tumor (GCT) that develops from the cells that form sperm

43
Q

digital rectal examination (DRE)

A

insertion of a gloved finger into the rectum to palpate the prostate

44
Q

fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS)

tree puhn EE muhl

A

definitive test for diagnosing syphilis

treponema = spiral shaped bacteria

45
Q

gram stain

A

test that can be used to diagnose gonorrhea (which has gram negative bacteria)

46
Q

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

A

blood test for prostatic hypertrophy, with very high levels potentially indicating prostate cancer

47
Q

sperm analysis

A

count and analysis of the number and health of the spermatozoa as a test for male fertility

AKA sperm count, semen analysis

48
Q

venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test

A

test used to screen for syphilis

49
Q

abalation

A

removal of tissue by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, or radiofrequency energy

50
Q

anastomosis

ah nas tih MOH sis

A

new connection created between two usually hollow structures that did not previously exist

51
Q

castration

A

removal of both gonads in the male or the female

52
Q

circumcision

A

surgical procedure in which the prepuce of the penis or clitoris is excised

53
Q

orchidectomy

A

removal of one or both testicles

54
Q

orchiopexy

ORK ee oh peck see

A

surgical procedure to mobilize an undescended testicle, attaching it to the scrotum

if not corrected before puberty, is a risk factor for infertility and testicular cancer

55
Q

prostatectomy

A

removal of the prostate gland

56
Q

sterilization

A

process of rendering a male or female barren

57
Q

transurethral incision of the prostate

A

form of prostate surgery involving tiny incisions of the prostate the prostate is not removed

58
Q

transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR, TURP)

A

removal of the prostate in sections through a urethral approach

59
Q

vasectomy

A

incision, ligation, and cauterization of both of the vas deferens for the purpose of male sterilization

60
Q

vasovasostomy

vay zoh vayse OSS tuh mee

A

anastomosis of the ends of vas deferens as a means of reconnecting them to reverse the sterilization procedure

61
Q

BPH

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia/hypertrophy

62
Q

Bx

A

biopsy

63
Q

DRE

A

digital rectal examination

64
Q

FTA-ABS

A

fluorescent treponemal antibody test

65
Q

Gc

A

gonococcus

66
Q

HSV-2

A

herpes simplex virus-2, herpes genitalis

67
Q

M

A

male

68
Q

NGU

A

nongonococcal urethritis

inflammation of the urethra caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, or Ureaplasma urealyticum

69
Q

PSA

A

prostate-specific antigen

70
Q

STD

A

sexually transmitted disease

71
Q

TUIP

A

transurethral incision of the prostate

72
Q

TURP

A

transurethral resection of the prostate

73
Q

TUR

A

transurethral resection (of the prostate)

74
Q

VD

A

venereal disease

75
Q

VDRL

A

Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (for syphilis)

76
Q

parenchymal tissue

PURR enk uh muhl

A

primary tissue

performs primary functions

in the reproductive system → producing cells for reproduction

77
Q

stromal tissue

A

secondary tissue

serves a supportive function

glands, nerves, ducts & other male reproductive tissues serve a supporting role in producing, maintaining, and transmitting sex cells

78
Q

gonads

A

parenchymal organs of the reproductive system

e.g., testes/testicles

79
Q

gametes

A

sex cells

e.g., spermatozoa

80
Q

testis

A

one of the two egg-shapped male gonads, suspended in a sac called the scrotum

produces testosterone and sperm

81
Q

tunica vaginalis testis

A

serous membrane covering the testis

82
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

tightly coiled tubes within the testis where spermatogenesis occurs (spermatozoa are formed)

83
Q

epididymis

(pl. epididymides)

A

an elongated cordlike structure located along the posterior border of the testis

where spermatozoa, once formed in the seminiferous tubules, are stored until ejaculation

84
Q

vas deferens

A

excretory duct of the testis

the vas deferens is joined by the duct from the seminal vesicle, which adds a thick, nutritive fluid for the sperm

the union of these two ducts (vas deferens & seminal vesicle) forms the ejaculatory duct, a short duct that passes through the prostate gland, from where it picks up alkaline fluid before opening into the urethra

85
Q

spermatic cord

A

contains the blood vessels supplying the testis and epididymis

encloses the vas deferens

86
Q

vas ampullae

AM pull ee

A

dilated distal ends of the vas deferens

ampulla (AM pull ah) = any dilated section of a tubelike structure

87
Q

bulbourethral gland

A

one of two glands situated on each side of the prostate

drains to the urethra and secretes an alkaline component of seminal fluid

AKA Cowper’s gland

88
Q

prostate gland

A

a gland in the male surrounding the neck of the bladder and the urethra

produces a secretion that contains citric acid, acid phosphatase, and proteolytic enzymes that liquefy coagulated semen

89
Q

semen

(pl. semina)

A

composed of spermatozoa in their nutrient plasma along with secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate, and other glands

AKA seminal fluid

90
Q

glans penis

A

cap-shaped expansion of the corpus spongiosum at the tip of the penis

AKA balanus

91
Q

prepuce

PRE pyoos

A

fold of skin forming a retractable cover

AKA foreskin

92
Q

seminal vesicle

A

pouchlike pyramidal glandular structure attached to the posterior portion of the urinary bladder

the vas deferens is joined by the duct from the seminal vesicle, which adds a thick, nutritive fluid for the sperm

the union of these two ducts (vas deferens & seminal vesicle) forms the ejaculatory duct, a short duct that passes through the prostate gland, from where it picks up alkaline fluid before opening into the urethra

produces about 70% of the seminal fluid

93
Q

varyx

(pl. varices)

A

abnormally dilated vessel with a tortuous course

94
Q

spadias

A

a rent or tear

95
Q

-plasia

A

formation

96
Q

gon/o

A

seed

97
Q

radical prostatectomy

A

seminal vesicles and area of vas ampullae of the vas deferens were also removed with the prostate

98
Q

urethra

A

hollow tube that carries both semen and urine

starts after the prostate gland

medical terminology (18 decks)

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