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medical terminology > 2. Body Structure and Directional Terms > Flashcards

2. Body Structure and Directional Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-ad

A

towards

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2
Q

-ia

A

condition

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3
Q

-ism

A

condition

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4
Q

-ium

A

structure

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5
Q

-plasm

A

formation

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6
Q

-stasis

A

controlling

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7
Q

-um

A

structure

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7
Q

-us

A

noun ending

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8
Q

ana-

A

up, apart, to build up (ex: anabolic steroids)

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8
Q

afferent

A

toward an organ

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9
Q

antrum

A

antr/o, any nearly closed cavity or chamber (such as the gastric antrum)

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9
Q

apex

A

apic/o, top, tip

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10
Q

apex

A

top, uppermost portion

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10
Q

base

A

bottom, lower portion

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11
Q

bladder

A

cyst/o, vesic/o

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11
Q

bilateral

A

on both sides

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12
Q

blood

A

hem/o, hemat/o

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12
Q

body

A

som/o, somat/o

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13
Q

bone

A

oste/o, osse/o

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13
Q

bone marrow, spinal cord

A

myel/o

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14
Q

cata-

A

down, to breakdown (ex: catabolic)

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14
Q

cartilage

A

chondr/o

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15
Q

cell

A

cyt/o

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15
Q

caudad

A

toward the tail, down

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16
Q

cephalad

A

toward the head

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17
Q

contralateral

A

on the opposite side

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18
Q

deep

A

away from the surface

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18
Q

dextrad

A

to the right

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20
Q

dissolve

A

lys/o

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20
Q

distal

A

far or farther from the point of attachment/origin

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21
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult, painful, abnormal

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22
Q

efferent

A

away from an organ

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23
Q

endo-

A

within

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24
Q

endocardium

A

epithelial tissue of the heart

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25
Q

endocardium

A

endothelial lining of the chambers of the heart

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27
Q

epi-

A

above

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29
Q

epithelium

A

epitheli/o

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30
Q

fat

A

adip/o

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31
Q

fornix

A

fornic/o, an archlike structure or the vaultlike space created by such a structure

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32
Q

frontal/coronal plane

A

divides the body vertically into front and back portions

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34
Q

fundus

A

fund/o, the deepest part of a hollow organ

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34
Q

hair

A

pil/o, trich/o

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36
Q

heart muscle

A

mycardi/o

37
Q

hilum

A

a recess (an exit or entrance) of a duct or of nerves and vessels into an organ or gland

38
Q

ileum

A

ile/o

39
Q

ipsilateral

A

on the same side

40
Q

kidney

A

nephr/o, ren/o

41
Q

lateral

A

toward the side

42
Q

lev/o

A

to the left

43
Q

lumen

A

the space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube

45
Q

lumen

A

lumin/o

46
Q

mal-

A

bad, ill

47
Q

McBurney’s point

A

area that is approximately two-thirds of the distance between the navel and the hip bone in the RLQ. Site of pain when appendicitis is suspected

48
Q

medial

A

toward the midline

50
Q

meta-

A

change, beyond

51
Q

meta-

A

change, beyond

52
Q

midsagittal plane

A

separates the body into equal right and left halves (also called the median sagittal plane)

53
Q

Munro’s point

A

In the LLQ. Halfway between the navel and the hipbone. Standard site of entrance for surgeons performing laparoscopic surgery.

54
Q

muscle

A

my/o, myos/o, muscul/o

55
Q

muscle

A

my/o

56
Q

myocardium

A

muscular tissue of the heart

57
Q

nail

A

onych/o, ungu/o

58
Q

nerve

A

neur/o

58
Q

dis-

A

apart from, not

59
Q

nipple

A

thel/o

60
Q

nucleus

A

kary/o, nucle/o

61
Q

oblique plane

A

divides the body at any slanted angle

62
Q

organ, viscus/viscera

A

organ/o, viscer/o

63
Q

ovary

A

oophor/o, ovari/o

64
Q

palmar

A

pertaining to the palm of the hand

66
Q

para-

A

near, beside

67
Q

parenchymal tissue

A

tissue that does actual work of organ

68
Q

pericardium

A

epithelial lining of the heart surrounding the myocardium

69
Q

peritoneum

A

an epithelial structure that covers many of the abdominal organs

70
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm or mind

71
Q

pronate

A

palm turned downward

71
Q

plantar

A

pertaining to the sole of the foot

72
Q

prone

A

lying on one’s belly, facedown

73
Q

prone

A

lying on one’s belly, facedown

75
Q

proximal

A

close or nearer to the point of attachment/origin

77
Q

sameness

A

home/o

78
Q

sinistrad

A

to the left

80
Q

sinus

A

either a cavity or channel in bone, a dilated channel for blood, or a cavity to permit the escape of purulent (pus-filled) material, such as the paranasal sinuses

81
Q

sinus, cavity

A

sin/o, sinus/o

81
Q

skeletal muscle

A

rhabdomy/o

82
Q

skin

A

cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o

84
Q

small instestine

A

enter/o

85
Q

smooth muscle

A

leiomy/o

87
Q

stomach

A

gastr/o

88
Q

stromal tissue

A

supportive

89
Q

superficial

A

towards the surface

91
Q

supinate

A

palm turned upward

92
Q

supine

A

lying on one’s back, face up

93
Q

system

A

system/o

94
Q

testis

A

test/o, orchid/o

95
Q

thoracic cavity

A

chest cavity that contains the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, and bronchi

96
Q

tissue

A

hist/o

97
Q

to cast

A

bol/o

99
Q

umbilicus

A

omphal/o, umbilic/o

100
Q

unilateral

A

on one side

101
Q

ureter

A

ureter/o

102
Q

transverse plane

A

divides body horizontally into top and bottom portions (also called the cross-sectional plane)

103
Q

urethra

A

urethr/o

104
Q

ventral cavities

A

thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic

105
Q

vestibule

A

the small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal

106
Q

vestibule

A

vestibul/o

medical terminology (18 decks)

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