2. Body Structure and Directional Terms Flashcards
-ad
towards
-ia
condition
-ism
condition
-ium
structure
-plasm
formation
-stasis
controlling
-um
structure
-us
noun ending
ana-
up, apart, to build up (ex: anabolic steroids)
afferent
toward an organ
antrum
antr/o, any nearly closed cavity or chamber (such as the gastric antrum)
apex
apic/o, top, tip
apex
top, uppermost portion
base
bottom, lower portion
bladder
cyst/o, vesic/o
bilateral
on both sides
blood
hem/o, hemat/o
body
som/o, somat/o
bone
oste/o, osse/o
bone marrow, spinal cord
myel/o
cata-
down, to breakdown (ex: catabolic)
cartilage
chondr/o
cell
cyt/o
caudad
toward the tail, down
cephalad
toward the head
contralateral
on the opposite side
deep
away from the surface
dextrad
to the right
dissolve
lys/o
distal
far or farther from the point of attachment/origin
dys-
bad, difficult, painful, abnormal
efferent
away from an organ
endo-
within
endocardium
epithelial tissue of the heart
endocardium
endothelial lining of the chambers of the heart
epi-
above
epithelium
epitheli/o
fat
adip/o
fornix
fornic/o, an archlike structure or the vaultlike space created by such a structure
frontal/coronal plane
divides the body vertically into front and back portions
fundus
fund/o, the deepest part of a hollow organ
hair
pil/o, trich/o
heart muscle
mycardi/o
hilum
a recess (an exit or entrance) of a duct or of nerves and vessels into an organ or gland
ileum
ile/o
ipsilateral
on the same side
kidney
nephr/o, ren/o
lateral
toward the side
lev/o
to the left
lumen
the space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube
lumen
lumin/o
mal-
bad, ill
McBurney’s point
area that is approximately two-thirds of the distance between the navel and the hip bone in the RLQ. Site of pain when appendicitis is suspected
medial
toward the midline
meta-
change, beyond
meta-
change, beyond
midsagittal plane
separates the body into equal right and left halves (also called the median sagittal plane)
Munro’s point
In the LLQ. Halfway between the navel and the hipbone. Standard site of entrance for surgeons performing laparoscopic surgery.
muscle
my/o, myos/o, muscul/o
muscle
my/o
myocardium
muscular tissue of the heart
nail
onych/o, ungu/o
nerve
neur/o
dis-
apart from, not
nipple
thel/o
nucleus
kary/o, nucle/o
oblique plane
divides the body at any slanted angle
organ, viscus/viscera
organ/o, viscer/o
ovary
oophor/o, ovari/o
palmar
pertaining to the palm of the hand
para-
near, beside
parenchymal tissue
tissue that does actual work of organ
pericardium
epithelial lining of the heart surrounding the myocardium
peritoneum
an epithelial structure that covers many of the abdominal organs
phren/o
diaphragm or mind
pronate
palm turned downward
plantar
pertaining to the sole of the foot
prone
lying on one’s belly, facedown
prone
lying on one’s belly, facedown
proximal
close or nearer to the point of attachment/origin
sameness
home/o
sinistrad
to the left
sinus
either a cavity or channel in bone, a dilated channel for blood, or a cavity to permit the escape of purulent (pus-filled) material, such as the paranasal sinuses
sinus, cavity
sin/o, sinus/o
skeletal muscle
rhabdomy/o
skin
cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o
small instestine
enter/o
smooth muscle
leiomy/o
stomach
gastr/o
stromal tissue
supportive
superficial
towards the surface
supinate
palm turned upward
supine
lying on one’s back, face up
system
system/o
testis
test/o, orchid/o
thoracic cavity
chest cavity that contains the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, and bronchi
tissue
hist/o
to cast
bol/o
umbilicus
omphal/o, umbilic/o
unilateral
on one side
ureter
ureter/o
transverse plane
divides body horizontally into top and bottom portions (also called the cross-sectional plane)
urethra
urethr/o
ventral cavities
thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic
vestibule
the small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal
vestibule
vestibul/o
