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Medical Terminology > 14.2 Ear > Flashcards

14.2 Ear Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ot/o, aur/o, auricul/o

A

ear

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2
Q

tympan/o, myring/o

A

eardrum

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3
Q

cerumin/o

A

earwax

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4
Q

salping/o

A

eustachian tube

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5
Q

audi/o, acous/o

A

hearing

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6
Q

labyrinth/o

A

inner ear

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7
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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8
Q

ossicul/o

A

ossicles

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9
Q

staped/o

A

stapes

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10
Q

tempor/o

A

temporal bone

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11
Q

vestibul/o

A

vestibule

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12
Q

auricle, pinna

A

a skin-covered cartilaginous flap that projects from the side of the head

part of external ear that gathers sound waves to funnel into the external auditory canal (meatus)

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13
Q

external auditory meatus

A

external auditory canal lined with glands that secrete cerumen

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14
Q

cerumen

SER oo min

A

sticky substance that lubricates the ear and prevents the entry of foreign particles into the internal portions of the ear

AKA earwax

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15
Q

tympanic membrane

A

the dividing line b/w the external and middle ears

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16
Q

ossicles

A

3 small bones within the middle ear cavity: malleus, incus, and stapes

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17
Q

malleus

A

outermost of the three ossicles of the middle ear

attached to the membrana tympani

resembles a hammer, with a club-shaped head that articulates with the incus

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18
Q

stapes

STAY peez

A

innermost of the three auditory ossicles

shaped like a tiny stirrup and serving to transmit sound vibrations from the incus to the internal ear

when the footplate of the stapes moves, it touches the oval window which leads to the inner ear

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19
Q

eustachian tube

A

a mucous membrane-lined tube joining the nasopharynx and the middle ear cavity

equalizes air pressure b/w the middle ear and the external atmosphere

AKA auditory tube

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20
Q

labyrinth

A

inner ear

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21
Q

bony labyrinth

A

contains fluid called perilymph, the movement of which causes the endolymph in the membranous labyrinth of the cochlea to move

consists of 3 parts: vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea

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22
Q

vestibule

A

a part of the bony labyrinth in the inner ear

contributes to the body’s sense of equilibrium, or balance

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23
Q

semicircular canals

A

a part of the bony labyrinth in the inner ear

contributes to the body’s sense of equilibrium, or balance

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24
Q

cochlea

A

spiral tube that resembles a snail shell and forms part of the bony labyrinth in the inner ear

perforated by several openings for passage of the cochlear division of the vestibulocochlear nerve

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25
Q

organ of Corti

A

a sensitive receptor with hair cells that relays sound waves to the 8th cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve), which then conveys impulses to the temporal lobe of the brain

housed in the cochlea

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26
Q

oval window

A

b/w middle ear and inner ear

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27
Q

impacted cerumen

A

blockage of the external auditory canal with cerumen

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28
Q

macrotia

mack ROH sha

A

condition of abnormally large auricles

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29
Q

microtia

mye KROH sha

A

condition of abnormally small auricles

30
Q

otitis externa

A

inflammation of the outer ear

31
Q

otorrhea

oh toh REE uh

A

discharge from the ear

32
Q

otalgia

A

pain in the ear

AKA otodynia

33
Q

infectious myringitis

mer in JYE tis

A

inflammation of the eardrum due to a bacterial or viral infection

34
Q

otitis media (OM)

A

inflammation of the middle ear

common in young children, it is usually secondary to an upper respiratory infection

treatment usually includes administration of antibiotics.

35
Q

otosclerosis

A

development of bone around the oval window with resulting ankylosis (stiffening) of the stapes to the oval window

usually results in progressive deafness

36
Q

labyrinthitis

A

inflammation of the inner ear that may be due to infection or trauma

symptoms may include vertigo, nausea, and nystagmus

37
Q

Ménière disease

men YER

A

chronic condition of the inner ear characterized by vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus

cause is unknown

38
Q

ruptured tympanic membrane

A

tear (perforation) of the eardrum due to trauma or disease process

39
Q

otodynia

A

earache, pain in the ear

AKA otalgia

40
Q

tinnitus

A

abnormal sound heard in one or both ears caused by trauma or disease

may be a ringing, buzzing, or jingling

41
Q

vertigo

A

abnormal sensation of movement when there is none, either of one’s self moving, or of objects moving around one

may be caused by middle ear infections or the toxic effects of alcohol, sunstroke, and certain medications

42
Q

ceruminoma

A

a benign adenoma of the glands that produce earwax that can obstruct the ear canal and detract from a patient’s ability to hear

AKA ceruminous or pleomorphic adenoma

43
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

a benign tumor of the the auditory nerve - 8th cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve) - that causes tinnitus, vertigo, and hearing difficulties

AKA vestibular schwannoma

44
Q

cholesteatoma

A

a mass of epithelial cells and cholesterol in the middle ear usually resulting from chronic otitis media

cyst-like growth that can be destructive to the surrounding bone if not removed

45
Q

adenoid cystic carcinoma

A

extremely rare malignant form of a ceruminoma

46
Q

anacusis

A

general term for hearing loss or deafness

47
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

hearing loss resulting from damage to or malformation of the middle or outer ear

48
Q

paracusis

A

abnormality of hearing

49
Q

presbycusia

A

loss of hearing common in old age

50
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

hearing loss resulting from damage to the inner ear (cochlea) or the auditory nerve

51
Q

chol/e

A

bile

52
Q

steat/o

A

fat

53
Q

audiometric testing

A

measurement of hearing, usually with an instrument called an audiometer (ah dee AH meh tur)

the graphic representation of the results is called an audiogram

54
Q

otoscopy

oh TAH skuk pee

A

visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope

55
Q

pure tone audiometry

ah dee AH meh tree

A

measurement of perception of pure tones with extraneous sound screened out

56
Q

Rinne tuning fork test

RIH nuh

A

method of distinguishing conductive from sensorineural hearing loss

the tuning fork is placed alternately near the auditory canal and behind the ear on the mastoid bone

57
Q

speech audiometry

A

measurement of ability to hear and understand speech

58
Q

tympanometry

tim pan NAH muh tree

A

measurement of the condition and mobility function of the eardrum

AKA tympanogram

59
Q

Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) test

A

test that uses otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) measured by the insertion of a probe into the baby’s ear canal and auditory brainstem response (ABR), which involves the placement of four electrodes on the baby’s head to measure the change in the electrical activity of the brain in response to sound while the baby is sleeping

60
Q

Weber tuning fork test

A

method of testing auditory acuity in which the tuning fork is placed on the midline of the skull to assess bone conduction of sound for evaluation of auditory acuity

61
Q

cochlear implant

A

implanted device that assists those with hearing loss by electrically stimulating the cochlea

62
Q

hearing aid

A

electronic device that amplifies sound

63
Q

otoplasty

A

surgical or plastic repair and/or reconstruction of the external ear

64
Q

stapedectomy

stay puh DECK tuh mee

A

removal of the 3rd ossicle, the stapes, from the middle ear

65
Q

tympanoplasty

TIM pan oh plas tee

A

surgical repair of the eardrum, with or without ossicular chain reconstruction

some patients may required a prosthesis for one or more of the ossicles

66
Q

tympanostomy

tim pan AH stuh mee

A

surgical creation of an opening through the eardrum to promote drainage and/or allow the introduction of artificial tubes to maintain the opening

AKA myringostomy (mir ring GAH stuh mee)

67
Q

tympanotomy

A

incision of the eardrum

AKA myringotomy (mir ring GAH tuh mee)

68
Q

ABR

A

auditory brain response

69
Q

OAE

A

otoacoustic emission

70
Q

Oto

A

otology

71
Q

perilymph

A

fluid around inner labyrinth

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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