14.2 Ear Flashcards
ot/o, aur/o, auricul/o
ear
tympan/o, myring/o
eardrum
cerumin/o
earwax
salping/o
eustachian tube
audi/o, acous/o
hearing
labyrinth/o
inner ear
rhin/o
nose
ossicul/o
ossicles
staped/o
stapes
tempor/o
temporal bone
vestibul/o
vestibule
auricle, pinna
a skin-covered cartilaginous flap that projects from the side of the head
part of external ear that gathers sound waves to funnel into the external auditory canal (meatus)
external auditory meatus
external auditory canal lined with glands that secrete cerumen
cerumen
SER oo min
sticky substance that lubricates the ear and prevents the entry of foreign particles into the internal portions of the ear
AKA earwax
tympanic membrane
the dividing line b/w the external and middle ears
ossicles
3 small bones within the middle ear cavity: malleus, incus, and stapes
malleus
outermost of the three ossicles of the middle ear
attached to the membrana tympani
resembles a hammer, with a club-shaped head that articulates with the incus
stapes
STAY peez
innermost of the three auditory ossicles
shaped like a tiny stirrup and serving to transmit sound vibrations from the incus to the internal ear
when the footplate of the stapes moves, it touches the oval window which leads to the inner ear
eustachian tube
a mucous membrane-lined tube joining the nasopharynx and the middle ear cavity
equalizes air pressure b/w the middle ear and the external atmosphere
AKA auditory tube
labyrinth
inner ear
bony labyrinth
contains fluid called perilymph, the movement of which causes the endolymph in the membranous labyrinth of the cochlea to move
consists of 3 parts: vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea
vestibule
a part of the bony labyrinth in the inner ear
contributes to the body’s sense of equilibrium, or balance
semicircular canals
a part of the bony labyrinth in the inner ear
contributes to the body’s sense of equilibrium, or balance
cochlea
spiral tube that resembles a snail shell and forms part of the bony labyrinth in the inner ear
perforated by several openings for passage of the cochlear division of the vestibulocochlear nerve
organ of Corti
a sensitive receptor with hair cells that relays sound waves to the 8th cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve), which then conveys impulses to the temporal lobe of the brain
housed in the cochlea
oval window
b/w middle ear and inner ear
impacted cerumen
blockage of the external auditory canal with cerumen
macrotia
mack ROH sha
condition of abnormally large auricles
microtia
mye KROH sha
condition of abnormally small auricles
otitis externa
inflammation of the outer ear
otorrhea
oh toh REE uh
discharge from the ear
otalgia
pain in the ear
AKA otodynia
infectious myringitis
mer in JYE tis
inflammation of the eardrum due to a bacterial or viral infection
otitis media (OM)
inflammation of the middle ear
common in young children, it is usually secondary to an upper respiratory infection
treatment usually includes administration of antibiotics.
otosclerosis
development of bone around the oval window with resulting ankylosis (stiffening) of the stapes to the oval window
usually results in progressive deafness
labyrinthitis
inflammation of the inner ear that may be due to infection or trauma
symptoms may include vertigo, nausea, and nystagmus
Ménière disease
men YER
chronic condition of the inner ear characterized by vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus
cause is unknown
ruptured tympanic membrane
tear (perforation) of the eardrum due to trauma or disease process
otodynia
earache, pain in the ear
AKA otalgia
tinnitus
abnormal sound heard in one or both ears caused by trauma or disease
may be a ringing, buzzing, or jingling
vertigo
abnormal sensation of movement when there is none, either of one’s self moving, or of objects moving around one
may be caused by middle ear infections or the toxic effects of alcohol, sunstroke, and certain medications
ceruminoma
a benign adenoma of the glands that produce earwax that can obstruct the ear canal and detract from a patient’s ability to hear
AKA ceruminous or pleomorphic adenoma
acoustic neuroma
a benign tumor of the the auditory nerve - 8th cranial nerve (vestibulocochlear nerve) - that causes tinnitus, vertigo, and hearing difficulties
AKA vestibular schwannoma
cholesteatoma
a mass of epithelial cells and cholesterol in the middle ear usually resulting from chronic otitis media
cyst-like growth that can be destructive to the surrounding bone if not removed
adenoid cystic carcinoma
extremely rare malignant form of a ceruminoma
anacusis
general term for hearing loss or deafness
conductive hearing loss
hearing loss resulting from damage to or malformation of the middle or outer ear
paracusis
abnormality of hearing
presbycusia
loss of hearing common in old age
sensorineural hearing loss
hearing loss resulting from damage to the inner ear (cochlea) or the auditory nerve
chol/e
bile
steat/o
fat
audiometric testing
measurement of hearing, usually with an instrument called an audiometer (ah dee AH meh tur)
the graphic representation of the results is called an audiogram
otoscopy
oh TAH skuk pee
visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope
pure tone audiometry
ah dee AH meh tree
measurement of perception of pure tones with extraneous sound screened out
Rinne tuning fork test
RIH nuh
method of distinguishing conductive from sensorineural hearing loss
the tuning fork is placed alternately near the auditory canal and behind the ear on the mastoid bone
speech audiometry
measurement of ability to hear and understand speech
tympanometry
tim pan NAH muh tree
measurement of the condition and mobility function of the eardrum
AKA tympanogram
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) test
test that uses otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) measured by the insertion of a probe into the baby’s ear canal and auditory brainstem response (ABR), which involves the placement of four electrodes on the baby’s head to measure the change in the electrical activity of the brain in response to sound while the baby is sleeping
Weber tuning fork test
method of testing auditory acuity in which the tuning fork is placed on the midline of the skull to assess bone conduction of sound for evaluation of auditory acuity
cochlear implant
implanted device that assists those with hearing loss by electrically stimulating the cochlea
hearing aid
electronic device that amplifies sound
otoplasty
surgical or plastic repair and/or reconstruction of the external ear
stapedectomy
stay puh DECK tuh mee
removal of the 3rd ossicle, the stapes, from the middle ear
tympanoplasty
TIM pan oh plas tee
surgical repair of the eardrum, with or without ossicular chain reconstruction
some patients may required a prosthesis for one or more of the ossicles
tympanostomy
tim pan AH stuh mee
surgical creation of an opening through the eardrum to promote drainage and/or allow the introduction of artificial tubes to maintain the opening
AKA myringostomy (mir ring GAH stuh mee)
tympanotomy
incision of the eardrum
AKA myringotomy (mir ring GAH tuh mee)
ABR
auditory brain response
OAE
otoacoustic emission
Oto
otology
perilymph
fluid around inner labyrinth
