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Medical Terminology > 4. Integumentary System > Flashcards

4. Integumentary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

integumentary system

in-te-gyu-MEN-tary

A

skin, hair, nails, and glands

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2
Q

adeno

A

gland

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3
Q

tricho, pilo

A

hair

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4
Q

onycho, unguo

A

nails

ungual

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5
Q

sebo

A

sebum, oil

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6
Q

dermo, dermato, cutaneo

A

skin

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7
Q

hidradeno

A

sudoriferous (sweat) gland

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8
Q

hidro

A

sweat

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9
Q

baso

A

base

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10
Q

melano

A

black

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11
Q

adipo

A

fat

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12
Q

folliculo

A

follicle

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13
Q

kerato

A

hard, horny

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14
Q

corneo

A

horny

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15
Q

papillo

A

papilla - structure that encloses the capillaries under the hair follicle

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16
Q

squamo

A

scaly

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17
Q

vasculo

A

vessel

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18
Q

subcutaneous tissue

A

spongy, porous, hypodermic layer with a rich blood supply and adipose cells (lipocytes); anchors dermis and epidermis to the underlying muscle and bone

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19
Q

stratum germinativum

A

basal, or deepest, layer of epidermis

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20
Q

stratum corneum

A

outermost layer of epidermis; barrier area that prevents excess loss of water, salts, and heat from the body

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21
Q

keratin

A

hard, water-repellan protein

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22
Q

dermis

A

AKA corium

contains blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, muscle fibers, hair follicles, and sebaceous and sweat glands

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23
Q

sudoriferous glands

A

produce perspiration & helps to regulate body temperature through the cooling effect of evaporation, rids the body of waste products, and moisturizes the surface cells of the skin

2 types: apocrine and eccrine

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24
Q

sebum

A

oily substance that helps to lubricate skin and hair while preventing excess water loss

acidic nature helps protect against infection

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25
Q

eponychium

A

cuticle

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26
Q

lunula

LUHN-yula

A

a small moon-shaped area at the base of the nail; marks the site of nail growth

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27
Q

bulla

BULL-ah

A

vesicle larger than 1/2 cm

seen with 2nd degree burns

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28
Q

cyst

A

fluid-filled sac

nodule filled with a semisolid material, such as a keratinous cyst

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29
Q

ecchymosis

A

hemorrhage or extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissue as a result of trauma to the underlying blood vessels or fragility of the vessel walls

resultant darkening is commonly called a bruise

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30
Q

hematoma

A

collection of extravasated blood trapped in the tissues and palpable to the examiner

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31
Q

macule

A

flat blemish or discoloration less than 1 cm, such as a freckle

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32
Q

nodule

A

palpable, solid lesion that may or may not be elevated and are less than 2 cm in diameter, such as a small tumor

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33
Q

papule

A

small, solid, raised skin lesion less than 1 cm in diameter, such as a pimple

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34
Q

patch

A

large, flat, nonpalpable macule larger than 2 cm

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35
Q

petechia

peh TEEK ee ah

A

tiny ecchymosis within the dermal layer

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36
Q

plaque

A

raised plateaulike papule greater than 1 cm, such as a psoriatic lesion or seborrheic keratosis

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37
Q

purpura

PUR pur ah

A

massive hemorrhage into the tissues under the skin

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38
Q

pustule

A

superficial, elevated lesion containing pus that may be the result of an infection such as acne

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39
Q

telangectasia

tell an jee eck TAY zsa

A

permanent dilation of groups of superficial capillaries and venules

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40
Q

tumor

A

nodule more than 2 cm; any mass or swelling, including neoplasms

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41
Q

vesicle

A

circumscribed, elevated lesion containing fluid and small than 1/2 cm, such as an insect bite

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42
Q

wheal

A

circumscribed, elevated papules caused by localized edema, commonly resulting from an allergic reaction

AKA urticaria, or hives
urti CARE ee ah

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43
Q

exanthematous disease

A

caused by a virus and characterized by a specific type of rash (chickenpox, measles, roseola)

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44
Q

extravasation

ex tra vah SAY shun

A

process of a substance (blood or lymph) leaking outside of a vessel into surrounding tissues

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45
Q

cicatrix

SICK ah trix

A

pl. cicatrices

scar tissue that develops during the process of normal healing

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46
Q

keloid

A

lesion that arises from an overgrowth of scar tissue at the site of wound healing or repair

the extra tissue is partially due to an accumulation of collagen at the site

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47
Q

atrophy

A

paper-thin, wasted skin often occurring in the aged or as stretch marks

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48
Q

striae

STRY ee

A

stretch marks

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49
Q

crust

A

dried serum, blood, and/or pus

may occur in inflammatory and infectious diseases, such as impetigo

AKA scab

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50
Q

erosion

A

destruction of the surface layer of the skin by physical or inflammatory processes, such as that seen with herpes virus

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51
Q

excoriation

A

hollowed out or linear crusted area caused by traumatic scratching, abrasion, or burning

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52
Q

pruritus

pyoor RYE tus

A

sensation of itching

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53
Q

fissure

FISH ur

A

cracklike lesion of the skin, such as an anal fissure

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54
Q

lichenification

A

thickening and hardening of the skin, often resulting from the irritation caused by repeated scratching of a puritic lesion

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55
Q

scales

A

small, thin flakes of keratinized epithelium frequently seen in rashes, such as psoriasis

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56
Q

ulcer

UL sur

A

circumscribed craterlike lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting from necrosis that can accompany an inflammatory, infectious, or malignant process

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57
Q

atopic dermatitis

A

chronic, pruritic, superficial inflammation of the skin usually associated with a family history of allergic disorders

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58
Q

carbuncle

KAR bun kul

A

furuncle with interconnecting subcutaneous pockets

commonly located on the back of the neck and the buttocks

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59
Q

cellulitis

A

strep (most commonly Streptococcus pyogenes)

diffuse, spreading, acute inflammation within solid tissues

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60
Q

contact dermatitis

A

irritated or allergic response of the skin that can lead to an acute or chronic inflammation

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61
Q

eczema

A

superficial inflammation of the skin characterized by vesicles, weeping, and pruritus

AKA dermatitis

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62
Q

folliculitis

A

inflammation of the hair follicles, which may be superficial or deep, acute or chronic

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63
Q

furuncle

FYOOR ung kul

A

staph

localized, suppurative staphylococcal skin infections originating in a gland or hair follicle and characterized by pain, redness, and swelling

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64
Q

impetigo

A

superficial, vesiculopustular skin infection with either staph or strep, normally seen in children, but possible in adults

lesions commonly form around the mouth and nostrils, beginning as macules and progressing to pruritic vesicles that become purulent and encrusted

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65
Q

paronychia

pair ah NICK ee ah

A

infection of the fold of the skin at the margin of the nail

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66
Q

seborrheic dermatitis

A

inflammatory scaling disease of the scalp and face

AKA cradle cap

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67
Q

candidiasis

A

yeast infection in moist, occluded areas of the skin (armpits, inner thighs, underneath pendulous breasts) and mucous membranes

AKA moniliasis

68
Q

dermatomycosis

A

fungal infection of the skin

69
Q

onychomycosis

A

fungal infection of the nails

70
Q

tinea capitis

A

fungal infection of the scalp

AKA ringworm

71
Q

tinea corporis

A

ringworm of the body manifested by pink to red papulosquamous annular (ringlike) plaques with raised borders

72
Q

tinea cruris

TIN ee ah KROO ris

A

a fungal infection that occurs mainly on external genitalia and upper legs in males, particularly in warm weather

AKA jock itch

73
Q

tinea pedis

TIN ee ah PEE dis

A

fungal infection of the foot

AKA athlete’s foot

74
Q

tinea unguiium

TIN ee ah UN gwee um

A

fungal infection of the nails

75
Q

pediculosis

A

parasitic infestation with lice, involving the head, body, or genital area

76
Q

scabies

A

parasitic infestation caused by mites

characterized by pruritic papular rash

77
Q

herpes simplex

A

viral infection characterized by clusters of small vesicles filled with clear fluid on raise inflammatory bases on the skin or mucosa

HSV-1 causes fever blisters and keratitis (inflammation of the cornea)

HSV-2 causes genital herpes

78
Q

herpes zoster

A

acute, painful rash caused by reactivation of the latent varicella zoster virus

AKA shingles

79
Q

verruca

A

common, contagious epithelial growths usually appearing on the skin of the hands, feet, legs, and face

can be caused by any of the 60 types of the human papillomavirus

AKA warts

80
Q

stomatitis

A

fever blisters

81
Q

acne

A

inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands characterized by papules, pustules, inflamed nodules, and comedones, which are plugs of sebum that partially or completely block a pore

82
Q

alopecia

A

baldness, or hair loss, resulting from genetic factors, aging, or disease

83
Q

hypertrichosis

hyper try KO sis

A

abnormal excess of hair

AKA hirsutism (HER soo tih zum)

84
Q

keratinous cyst

kur AT in us

A

benign cavity lined by keratinizing epithelium and filled with sebum and epithelial debris

85
Q

rosacea

A

chronic inflammatory disorder that occurs in fair-skinned individuals

characterized by telangiectasia, erythema, papules, and pustules on the face

86
Q

milia

A

tiny superficial keratinous cysts caused by clogged oil ducts

87
Q

psoriasis

A

common chronic skin disorder characterized by circumscribed, salmon-red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery scales that are the result of excessive development of epithelial cells

88
Q

callus

A

common painless thickening of the stratum corneum at locations of external pressure or friction

89
Q

corn

A

horny mass of condensed epithelial cells overlying a bony prominence resulting from pressure or friction

AKA clavus

90
Q

decubitus ulcer

A

inflammation, ulcer, or sore in the skin over a bony prominence

most often seen in aged, debilitated, cachectic (wasted), or immobilized patients; pressure sores or ulcers are graded by stages of severity - highest stage, 6, involves muscle, fat, and bone

AKA bedsore, pressure ulcer, or pressure sore

91
Q

ichthyosis

ick thee OH sis

A

severe form of dry skin condition that is characterized by a scaly appearance of a fish skin,

92
Q

xeroderma

zir oh DUR mah

A

simple dry skin

93
Q

albinism

AL bih niz um

A

complete lack of melanin production by existing melanocytes, resulting in pale skin, white hair, and pink irides

94
Q

hyperpigmentation

A

abnormally increased pigmentation

95
Q

hypopigmentation

A

congenital or acquired decrease in melanin production

96
Q

melasma

A

hyperpigmentation of the forehead, cheeks, and/or nose as a result of pregnancy or oral contraceptives

AKA chloasma

97
Q

vitiligo

A

benign acquired disease of unknown origin, consisting of irregular patches of various sizes lacking in pigment

98
Q

hidradenitis

A

infection or inflammation of the sweat glands

99
Q

hyperhidrosis

A

excessive perspiration caused by heat, strong emotion, menopause, hyperthryoidism, or infection

100
Q

miliaria

A

minute vesicles and papules, often with surrounding erythema, caused by occlusion of sweat ducts during times of exposure to heat and high humidity

101
Q

angioma

A

localized vascular lesion that includes hemangiomas, vascular nevi, and lymphangiomas

102
Q

dermatofibroma

derma toh fye BRO ma

A

skin nodule that is painless, round, firm, red or gray, elevated, and usually found on the extremities

103
Q

dysplastic nevus

A

various abnormal changes of a pigmented congenital skin blemish that give rise to a concern for progression to malignancy

104
Q

lipoma

A

fatty tumor that is a soft, movable, subcutaneous nodule

105
Q

nevus

A

pigmented lesion often present at birth

AKA mole

106
Q

seborrheic keratosis

A

benign, circumscribed, pigmented, superficial warty skin lesion that may be accompanied by pruritus

107
Q

acrochordons

ack roh KORE dons

A

small, soft, pedunculated lesions that are harmless outgrowths of epidermal and dermal tissue, usually occurring on the neck, eyelids, armpits, and groin; usually occur in multiples

AKA skin tags

108
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

most common form of skin cancer

originates in the basal layer of the epidermis and usually occurs on the face as a result of sun exposure - rarely mestasizes

109
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

CAP uh see

A

a rare form of skin cancer that takes the form of red/blue/brown/purple nodules, usually on the extremities

appears most often in patients with deficient immune systems

110
Q

malignant melanoma

A

cancerous tumor arises from mutated melanocytes

leading cause of death for all skin diseases

111
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

SKWAY muss

A

2nd most common type of skin cancer, also caused by sun exposure, but grows slower than the other types

112
Q

first-degree burns

A

impact the epidermis with no blistering and minimal tissue damage

ex: sunburn

113
Q

second-degree burns

A

involve the deep epidermal layers and upper layers of dermis

blisters, severe pain, swelling, and scarring are common

114
Q

third-degree burns

A

complete destruction of epidermis and dermis, with damage extending further into the subcutaneous tissue as well. Muscle tissue and bone may even be involved.

b/c of the destruction of nerve endings, these severe burns are often insensitive to pain immediately after injury. Fluid loss and infection are the life-threatening consequences.

115
Q

-ectasia

A

dilation

116
Q

-rrheic

A

pertaining to discharge

117
Q

ec-

A

out

118
Q

crur-

A

leg

119
Q

ichthyo

A

fish

120
Q

excisional biopsy

A

biopsy in which the entire tumor may be removed with borders as a means of diagnosis and treatment

121
Q

exfoliation

A

scraping or shaving off samples of friable (easily crushed) lesions for a laboratory examination called exfoliative cytology

122
Q

incisional biopsy

A

biopsy in which larger tissue samples may be obtained by excising a wedge of tissue and suturing the incision

123
Q

needle aspiration

A

aspiration of fluid from lesions to obtain samples for culture and examination

124
Q

punch biopsy

A

biopsy in which a tubular punch is inserted through to the subcutaneous tissue, and the tissue is cut off at the base

125
Q

sweat tests

A

laboratory test for abnormally high levels of sodium and chloride present in the perspiration of persons with cystic fibrosis

126
Q

tuberculosis skin tests

A

intradermal test (Mantoux test) using purified protein derivative (PPD) to test for either dormant or active tuberculosis

127
Q

Tzanck test

tzahnk

A

microscopic examination of lesions for the purpose of diagnosing herpes zoster and herpes simplex

128
Q

Wood’s light examination

A

method to identify a variety of skin infections through the use of a Wood’s lamp, which produces ultraviolet light

tinea capitis and pseudomonas infections in burns are two of the disorders it can reveal

129
Q

allograft

A

harvest of skin from another human donor for temporary transplant until an autograft is available

130
Q

autograft

A

harvest of the patient’s own skin for transplant

131
Q

dermatome flap

DUR mah tohm

A

section of skin transferred from one location to an immediately adjacent one

132
Q

full-thickness graft

A

free skin graft using full portions of both the epidermis and dermis

133
Q

laser therapy

A

procedure to repair or destroy tissue, particularly in the removal of tattoos, warts, port wine stains, and psoriatic lesions

134
Q

occlusive therapy

A

use of a nonporous occlusive dressing to cover a treated area to increase the absorption and effectiveness of a medication

used to treat psoriasis, lupus, erythematosus, and chronic hand dermatitis

135
Q

psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy

SORE a len

A

directing a type of ultraviolet light on psoriatic lesions

136
Q

skin grafting (SG)

A

skin transplant performed when normal skin cover has been lost as a result of burns, ulcers, or operations to remove cancerous tissue

137
Q

split-thickness skin graft (STSG)

A

skin graft using the epidermis and part of the dermis

138
Q

xenograft

A

temporary skin graft from another species, often a pig, used until an autograft is available

139
Q

cauterization

A

destruction of tissue by burning with heat

140
Q

cryosurgery

A

destruction of tissue through the use of extreme cold, usually liquid nitrogen

141
Q

curettage

kyoo ruh TAJZ

A

scraping material from teh wall of a cavity of other surface to obtain tissue for microscopic examination

performed with a curette

142
Q

debridement

dah breed MON

A

first step in wound treatment, involving removal of dirt, foreign bodies (FB), damaged tissue, and cellular debris from the wound or burn to prevent infection and to promote healing

143
Q

escharotomy

A

surgical incision into necrotic tissue resulting from a severe burn - may be necessary to prevent edema leading to ischemia in underlying tissue

144
Q

incision and drainage (I&D)

A

to cut open and remove the contents of a wound, cysts, or other lesions

145
Q

shaving (paring)

A

slicing of thin sheets of tissue to remove lesions

146
Q

blepharoplasty

BLEF ar oh plas tee

A

surgical restructuring of the eyelid

147
Q

chemical peel

A

use of a mild acid to produce a superficial burn; normally done to remove wrinkles

148
Q

dermabrasion

A

surgical procedure to resurface the skin; used to remove acne scars, nevi, wrinkles, and tattoos

149
Q

dermatoplasty

DUR mat oh plas tee

A

transplant of living skin to correct effects of injury, operation, or disease

150
Q

lipectomy

A

resection of fatty tissue

151
Q

liposuction

A

technique for removing adipose tissue with a suction pump device

152
Q

rhytidectomy

rih tih DECK tuh mee

A

surgical operation to remove wrinkles

AKA facelift

153
Q

escharo

A

scab

154
Q

-tomy

A

incision

155
Q

bx

A

biopsy

156
Q

decub

A

decubitus ulcer or pressure ulcer

157
Q

FB

A

foreign body

158
Q

HPV

A

human papillomavirus, causes genital warts

159
Q

HSV-1

A

herpes simplex virus 1

160
Q

HSV-2

A

herpes simplex virus 2

161
Q

ID

A

intradermal

162
Q

PPD

A

purified protein derivative

163
Q

PUVA

A

psoralen plus ultraviolet A

164
Q

SG

A

skin graft

165
Q

STSG

A

split-thickness skin graft

166
Q

lesion

A
  1. Any traumatic or pathologic discontinuity of tissue or the loss of function of a part
  2. Any visible, local abnormality of skin tissue, such as a wound, boil, rash, or sore.

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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