4. Integumentary System Flashcards
integumentary system
in-te-gyu-MEN-tary
skin, hair, nails, and glands
adeno
gland
tricho, pilo
hair
onycho, unguo
nails
ungual
sebo
sebum, oil
dermo, dermato, cutaneo
skin
hidradeno
sudoriferous (sweat) gland
hidro
sweat
baso
base
melano
black
adipo
fat
folliculo
follicle
kerato
hard, horny
corneo
horny
papillo
papilla - structure that encloses the capillaries under the hair follicle
squamo
scaly
vasculo
vessel
subcutaneous tissue
spongy, porous, hypodermic layer with a rich blood supply and adipose cells (lipocytes); anchors dermis and epidermis to the underlying muscle and bone
stratum germinativum
basal, or deepest, layer of epidermis
stratum corneum
outermost layer of epidermis; barrier area that prevents excess loss of water, salts, and heat from the body
keratin
hard, water-repellan protein
dermis
AKA corium
contains blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, muscle fibers, hair follicles, and sebaceous and sweat glands
sudoriferous glands
produce perspiration & helps to regulate body temperature through the cooling effect of evaporation, rids the body of waste products, and moisturizes the surface cells of the skin
2 types: apocrine and eccrine
sebum
oily substance that helps to lubricate skin and hair while preventing excess water loss
acidic nature helps protect against infection
eponychium
cuticle
lunula
LUHN-yula
a small moon-shaped area at the base of the nail; marks the site of nail growth
bulla
BULL-ah
vesicle larger than 1/2 cm
seen with 2nd degree burns
cyst
fluid-filled sac
nodule filled with a semisolid material, such as a keratinous cyst
ecchymosis
hemorrhage or extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissue as a result of trauma to the underlying blood vessels or fragility of the vessel walls
resultant darkening is commonly called a bruise
hematoma
collection of extravasated blood trapped in the tissues and palpable to the examiner
macule
flat blemish or discoloration less than 1 cm, such as a freckle
nodule
palpable, solid lesion that may or may not be elevated and are less than 2 cm in diameter, such as a small tumor
papule
small, solid, raised skin lesion less than 1 cm in diameter, such as a pimple
patch
large, flat, nonpalpable macule larger than 2 cm
petechia
peh TEEK ee ah
tiny ecchymosis within the dermal layer
plaque
raised plateaulike papule greater than 1 cm, such as a psoriatic lesion or seborrheic keratosis
purpura
PUR pur ah
massive hemorrhage into the tissues under the skin
pustule
superficial, elevated lesion containing pus that may be the result of an infection such as acne
telangectasia
tell an jee eck TAY zsa
permanent dilation of groups of superficial capillaries and venules
tumor
nodule more than 2 cm; any mass or swelling, including neoplasms
vesicle
circumscribed, elevated lesion containing fluid and small than 1/2 cm, such as an insect bite
wheal
circumscribed, elevated papules caused by localized edema, commonly resulting from an allergic reaction
AKA urticaria, or hives
urti CARE ee ah
exanthematous disease
caused by a virus and characterized by a specific type of rash (chickenpox, measles, roseola)
extravasation
ex tra vah SAY shun
process of a substance (blood or lymph) leaking outside of a vessel into surrounding tissues
cicatrix
SICK ah trix
pl. cicatrices
scar tissue that develops during the process of normal healing
keloid
lesion that arises from an overgrowth of scar tissue at the site of wound healing or repair
the extra tissue is partially due to an accumulation of collagen at the site
atrophy
paper-thin, wasted skin often occurring in the aged or as stretch marks
striae
STRY ee
stretch marks
crust
dried serum, blood, and/or pus
may occur in inflammatory and infectious diseases, such as impetigo
AKA scab
erosion
destruction of the surface layer of the skin by physical or inflammatory processes, such as that seen with herpes virus
excoriation
hollowed out or linear crusted area caused by traumatic scratching, abrasion, or burning
pruritus
pyoor RYE tus
sensation of itching
fissure
FISH ur
cracklike lesion of the skin, such as an anal fissure
lichenification
thickening and hardening of the skin, often resulting from the irritation caused by repeated scratching of a puritic lesion
scales
small, thin flakes of keratinized epithelium frequently seen in rashes, such as psoriasis
ulcer
UL sur
circumscribed craterlike lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting from necrosis that can accompany an inflammatory, infectious, or malignant process
atopic dermatitis
chronic, pruritic, superficial inflammation of the skin usually associated with a family history of allergic disorders
carbuncle
KAR bun kul
furuncle with interconnecting subcutaneous pockets
commonly located on the back of the neck and the buttocks
cellulitis
strep (most commonly Streptococcus pyogenes)
diffuse, spreading, acute inflammation within solid tissues
contact dermatitis
irritated or allergic response of the skin that can lead to an acute or chronic inflammation
eczema
superficial inflammation of the skin characterized by vesicles, weeping, and pruritus
AKA dermatitis
folliculitis
inflammation of the hair follicles, which may be superficial or deep, acute or chronic
furuncle
FYOOR ung kul
staph
localized, suppurative staphylococcal skin infections originating in a gland or hair follicle and characterized by pain, redness, and swelling
impetigo
superficial, vesiculopustular skin infection with either staph or strep, normally seen in children, but possible in adults
lesions commonly form around the mouth and nostrils, beginning as macules and progressing to pruritic vesicles that become purulent and encrusted
paronychia
pair ah NICK ee ah
infection of the fold of the skin at the margin of the nail
seborrheic dermatitis
inflammatory scaling disease of the scalp and face
AKA cradle cap
candidiasis
yeast infection in moist, occluded areas of the skin (armpits, inner thighs, underneath pendulous breasts) and mucous membranes
AKA moniliasis
dermatomycosis
fungal infection of the skin
onychomycosis
fungal infection of the nails
tinea capitis
fungal infection of the scalp
AKA ringworm
tinea corporis
ringworm of the body manifested by pink to red papulosquamous annular (ringlike) plaques with raised borders
tinea cruris
TIN ee ah KROO ris
a fungal infection that occurs mainly on external genitalia and upper legs in males, particularly in warm weather
AKA jock itch
tinea pedis
TIN ee ah PEE dis
fungal infection of the foot
AKA athlete’s foot
tinea unguiium
TIN ee ah UN gwee um
fungal infection of the nails
pediculosis
parasitic infestation with lice, involving the head, body, or genital area
scabies
parasitic infestation caused by mites
characterized by pruritic papular rash
herpes simplex
viral infection characterized by clusters of small vesicles filled with clear fluid on raise inflammatory bases on the skin or mucosa
HSV-1 causes fever blisters and keratitis (inflammation of the cornea)
HSV-2 causes genital herpes
herpes zoster
acute, painful rash caused by reactivation of the latent varicella zoster virus
AKA shingles
verruca
common, contagious epithelial growths usually appearing on the skin of the hands, feet, legs, and face
can be caused by any of the 60 types of the human papillomavirus
AKA warts
stomatitis
fever blisters
acne
inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands characterized by papules, pustules, inflamed nodules, and comedones, which are plugs of sebum that partially or completely block a pore
alopecia
baldness, or hair loss, resulting from genetic factors, aging, or disease
hypertrichosis
hyper try KO sis
abnormal excess of hair
AKA hirsutism (HER soo tih zum)
keratinous cyst
kur AT in us
benign cavity lined by keratinizing epithelium and filled with sebum and epithelial debris
rosacea
chronic inflammatory disorder that occurs in fair-skinned individuals
characterized by telangiectasia, erythema, papules, and pustules on the face
milia
tiny superficial keratinous cysts caused by clogged oil ducts
psoriasis
common chronic skin disorder characterized by circumscribed, salmon-red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery scales that are the result of excessive development of epithelial cells
callus
common painless thickening of the stratum corneum at locations of external pressure or friction
corn
horny mass of condensed epithelial cells overlying a bony prominence resulting from pressure or friction
AKA clavus
decubitus ulcer
inflammation, ulcer, or sore in the skin over a bony prominence
most often seen in aged, debilitated, cachectic (wasted), or immobilized patients; pressure sores or ulcers are graded by stages of severity - highest stage, 6, involves muscle, fat, and bone
AKA bedsore, pressure ulcer, or pressure sore
ichthyosis
ick thee OH sis
severe form of dry skin condition that is characterized by a scaly appearance of a fish skin,
xeroderma
zir oh DUR mah
simple dry skin
albinism
AL bih niz um
complete lack of melanin production by existing melanocytes, resulting in pale skin, white hair, and pink irides
hyperpigmentation
abnormally increased pigmentation
hypopigmentation
congenital or acquired decrease in melanin production
melasma
hyperpigmentation of the forehead, cheeks, and/or nose as a result of pregnancy or oral contraceptives
AKA chloasma
vitiligo
benign acquired disease of unknown origin, consisting of irregular patches of various sizes lacking in pigment
hidradenitis
infection or inflammation of the sweat glands
hyperhidrosis
excessive perspiration caused by heat, strong emotion, menopause, hyperthryoidism, or infection
miliaria
minute vesicles and papules, often with surrounding erythema, caused by occlusion of sweat ducts during times of exposure to heat and high humidity
angioma
localized vascular lesion that includes hemangiomas, vascular nevi, and lymphangiomas
dermatofibroma
derma toh fye BRO ma
skin nodule that is painless, round, firm, red or gray, elevated, and usually found on the extremities
dysplastic nevus
various abnormal changes of a pigmented congenital skin blemish that give rise to a concern for progression to malignancy
lipoma
fatty tumor that is a soft, movable, subcutaneous nodule
nevus
pigmented lesion often present at birth
AKA mole
seborrheic keratosis
benign, circumscribed, pigmented, superficial warty skin lesion that may be accompanied by pruritus
acrochordons
ack roh KORE dons
small, soft, pedunculated lesions that are harmless outgrowths of epidermal and dermal tissue, usually occurring on the neck, eyelids, armpits, and groin; usually occur in multiples
AKA skin tags
basal cell carcinoma
most common form of skin cancer
originates in the basal layer of the epidermis and usually occurs on the face as a result of sun exposure - rarely mestasizes
Kaposi sarcoma
CAP uh see
a rare form of skin cancer that takes the form of red/blue/brown/purple nodules, usually on the extremities
appears most often in patients with deficient immune systems
malignant melanoma
cancerous tumor arises from mutated melanocytes
leading cause of death for all skin diseases
squamous cell carcinoma
SKWAY muss
2nd most common type of skin cancer, also caused by sun exposure, but grows slower than the other types
first-degree burns
impact the epidermis with no blistering and minimal tissue damage
ex: sunburn
second-degree burns
involve the deep epidermal layers and upper layers of dermis
blisters, severe pain, swelling, and scarring are common
third-degree burns
complete destruction of epidermis and dermis, with damage extending further into the subcutaneous tissue as well. Muscle tissue and bone may even be involved.
b/c of the destruction of nerve endings, these severe burns are often insensitive to pain immediately after injury. Fluid loss and infection are the life-threatening consequences.
-ectasia
dilation
-rrheic
pertaining to discharge
ec-
out
crur-
leg
ichthyo
fish
excisional biopsy
biopsy in which the entire tumor may be removed with borders as a means of diagnosis and treatment
exfoliation
scraping or shaving off samples of friable (easily crushed) lesions for a laboratory examination called exfoliative cytology
incisional biopsy
biopsy in which larger tissue samples may be obtained by excising a wedge of tissue and suturing the incision
needle aspiration
aspiration of fluid from lesions to obtain samples for culture and examination
punch biopsy
biopsy in which a tubular punch is inserted through to the subcutaneous tissue, and the tissue is cut off at the base
sweat tests
laboratory test for abnormally high levels of sodium and chloride present in the perspiration of persons with cystic fibrosis
tuberculosis skin tests
intradermal test (Mantoux test) using purified protein derivative (PPD) to test for either dormant or active tuberculosis
Tzanck test
tzahnk
microscopic examination of lesions for the purpose of diagnosing herpes zoster and herpes simplex
Wood’s light examination
method to identify a variety of skin infections through the use of a Wood’s lamp, which produces ultraviolet light
tinea capitis and pseudomonas infections in burns are two of the disorders it can reveal
allograft
harvest of skin from another human donor for temporary transplant until an autograft is available
autograft
harvest of the patient’s own skin for transplant
dermatome flap
DUR mah tohm
section of skin transferred from one location to an immediately adjacent one
full-thickness graft
free skin graft using full portions of both the epidermis and dermis
laser therapy
procedure to repair or destroy tissue, particularly in the removal of tattoos, warts, port wine stains, and psoriatic lesions
occlusive therapy
use of a nonporous occlusive dressing to cover a treated area to increase the absorption and effectiveness of a medication
used to treat psoriasis, lupus, erythematosus, and chronic hand dermatitis
psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy
SORE a len
directing a type of ultraviolet light on psoriatic lesions
skin grafting (SG)
skin transplant performed when normal skin cover has been lost as a result of burns, ulcers, or operations to remove cancerous tissue
split-thickness skin graft (STSG)
skin graft using the epidermis and part of the dermis
xenograft
temporary skin graft from another species, often a pig, used until an autograft is available
cauterization
destruction of tissue by burning with heat
cryosurgery
destruction of tissue through the use of extreme cold, usually liquid nitrogen
curettage
kyoo ruh TAJZ
scraping material from teh wall of a cavity of other surface to obtain tissue for microscopic examination
performed with a curette
debridement
dah breed MON
first step in wound treatment, involving removal of dirt, foreign bodies (FB), damaged tissue, and cellular debris from the wound or burn to prevent infection and to promote healing
escharotomy
surgical incision into necrotic tissue resulting from a severe burn - may be necessary to prevent edema leading to ischemia in underlying tissue
incision and drainage (I&D)
to cut open and remove the contents of a wound, cysts, or other lesions
shaving (paring)
slicing of thin sheets of tissue to remove lesions
blepharoplasty
BLEF ar oh plas tee
surgical restructuring of the eyelid
chemical peel
use of a mild acid to produce a superficial burn; normally done to remove wrinkles
dermabrasion
surgical procedure to resurface the skin; used to remove acne scars, nevi, wrinkles, and tattoos
dermatoplasty
DUR mat oh plas tee
transplant of living skin to correct effects of injury, operation, or disease
lipectomy
resection of fatty tissue
liposuction
technique for removing adipose tissue with a suction pump device
rhytidectomy
rih tih DECK tuh mee
surgical operation to remove wrinkles
AKA facelift
escharo
scab
-tomy
incision
bx
biopsy
decub
decubitus ulcer or pressure ulcer
FB
foreign body
HPV
human papillomavirus, causes genital warts
HSV-1
herpes simplex virus 1
HSV-2
herpes simplex virus 2
ID
intradermal
PPD
purified protein derivative
PUVA
psoralen plus ultraviolet A
SG
skin graft
STSG
split-thickness skin graft
lesion
- Any traumatic or pathologic discontinuity of tissue or the loss of function of a part
- Any visible, local abnormality of skin tissue, such as a wound, boil, rash, or sore.
