Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > 6. Urinary System > Flashcards

6. Urinary System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cali/o, calic/o, calyc/o

A

calyx (calyces), calix

KAY licks

extension of the ureter inside the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cellul/o, cyt/o

A

cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

chlor/o

A

chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex

the outer layer of a body structure, as differentiated from the internal substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

glow MAIR yoo lus

tiny ball of capillaries that filter blood into the opening of a nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hil/o

A

hilum

notch through which renal artery enters and the ureter & renal vein leave the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

meat/o

A

meatus

general term for a passageway or opening in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

medull/o

A

medulla

meh DULL ah

general term for the innermost part of a structure or organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

kal/i, potassi/o

A

potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

home/o

A

same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

natr/o

A

sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

trigon/o

A

trigone

TRY gohn

triangular part of the bladder between the ureters’ entrance and the urethral outlet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

pair of fibromuscular tubes that transport urine from the kidney to the bladder each tube divides into a pelvic part and an abdominal part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

point of exit for excreting urine from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cyst/o, vesic/o

A

urinary bladder, sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ur/o, urin/o

A

urine, urinary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

-stasis

A

controlling, stabilizing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

extra-

A

outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

anuria

ann YOOR ee ah

A

condition of no urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

diuresis

A

increased volume of urine

condition of increased formation and excretion of urine, of large volumes of urine

caffeine and alcohol are diuretics (i.e., they increase the amount of urine produced)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

dysuria

A

condition of painful urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

enuresis

en yoor EE sis

A

involuntary urination, can be nocturnal or diurnal

AKA bedwetting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

incontinence

A

inability to hold urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

nocturia

nock TOOR ee ah

A

condition of excessive urination at night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

oliguria

ah lig GYOOR ee ah

A

condition of scanty urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

polydipsia

pah lee DIP see ah

A

conditions of excessive thirst usually accompanied by polyuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

polyuria

A

condition of excessive urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

retention

A

inability to release urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

urgency

A

intense sensation of the need to urinate immediately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

albuminuria

al BYOO min yur ee ah

A

albumin in the urine

AKA proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

abscess

A

cavity containing pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

azotemia

eh zoh TEE mee ah

A

condition of excessive urea in the blood indicating nonfunctioning kidneys

AKA uremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

azoturia

a zoh TOOR ee ah

A

excessive nitrogenous compounds, such as urea, in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

bacteriuria

A

bacteria in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

edema

A

accumulation of fluid in the tissues can results from kidney failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

glycosuria

A

sugar in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

hematuria

hee mah TOOR ee ah

A

blood in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

hypertension

A

condition of high blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

pyuria

A

pus in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

deficiency of antidiuretic (ADH) hormone, which causes the patient to excrete large quantities of urine (polyuria) and excessive thirst (polydipsia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

diabetes mellitus

meh LYE tus

A

metabolic disease caused by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin and characterized by hyperglycemia, glycosuria, water and electrolyte loss, ketoacidosis, and possible eventual coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

inherited disorder characterized by an enlargement of the kidneys caused by many bilateral renal cysts that reduce functioning of renal tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

renal colic

A

severe pain associated with stones lodged in the ureter

a stone in the ureter often begins as side pain (flank pain) before shifting to the lower back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

urolithiasis

yoo ro lih THIGH uh sis

A

stones anywhere in the urinary tract, but usually in the renal pelvis or urinary bladder

usually formed in patients with an excess of the mineral calcium

AKA urinary calculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

infection anywhere in the urinary system, caused most commonly by bacteria, but also by parasites, yeast, and protozoa most frequently occurring disorder in the urinary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

glomerulonephritis

gloh MER yoo loh neh FRY tis

A

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney characterized by proteinuria, hematuria, decreased urine production, and edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

hydronephrosis

hye droh neh FROH sis

A

dilation of the renal pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys resulting from the obstruction of the flow of urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

nephritic syndrome

A

group of signs and symptoms of a urinary tract disorder, including hematuria, HTN, and renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney a general term that does not specify the location of the inflammation or the cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

interstitial nephritis

A

inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney

often caused by a drug rxn, frequently inducing poor renal function, fever, skin rash, and eosinophils in the blood/urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

nephropathy

A

disease of the kidneys a general term that does not specify a disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

nephroptosis

A

prolapse or sagging of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

abnormal group of symptoms in the kidney, characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema may occur in glomerular disease and as a complication of many systemic diseases (e.g., DM)

AKA nephrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

pyelonephritis

A

infection of the renal pelvis and parenchyma of the kidney

usually the result of lower urinary tract infection

58
Q

renal failure

A

inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes, concentrate urine, and conserve electrolytes may be acute or chronic

59
Q

acute renal failure (ARF)

A

sudden inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes, resulting from hemorrhage, trauma, burns, toxic injury to the kidney, pyelonephritis or glomerulonephritis, or lower urinary tract obstruction characterized by oliguria and rapid azotemia

60
Q

chronic renal failure (CRF)

A

long-term inability of the kidney to excrete wastes

61
Q

renal hypertension

A

high blood pressure secondary to kidney disease

62
Q

renal sclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries of the kidneys

AKA nephrosclerosis

63
Q

renal adenoma

A

small, slow-growing noncancerous tumors of the kidney, usually found at autopsy

64
Q

renal oncocytoma

A

the most common benign solid renal tumor

65
Q

transitional cell papilloma

A

benign tumor of the bladder

can become malignant on recurrence

66
Q

renal cell carcinoma

A

10th most common cancer

although cause is unknown, risk factors include smoking and obesity

AKA hypernephroma or adenocarcinoma

67
Q

nephroblastoma

A

malignant tumors that develop from kidney cells that did not develop fully before childbirth and thus occur mainly in children

AKA Wilms tumor

68
Q

transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder

A

malignant tumors that comprise approximately 90% of all bladder cancers and arise from the cells lining the bladder

69
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the urinary bladder

70
Q

cystocele

SIS toh seel

A

herniation of the urinary bladder

71
Q

ureterocele

yoo REE tur oh seel

A

prolapse of the terminal end of the ureter into the bladder

72
Q

urethral stenosis

A

narrowing of the urethra AKA urethral stricture

73
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

74
Q

vesicoureteral reflux

A

abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder to the ureter

75
Q

intravenous urography (IVU)

A

radiographic imaging of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder done with a contrast medium

AKA intravenous pyelography (IVP)

76
Q

kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB)

A

radiographic imaging of the kidney, ureters, and bladder without a contrast medium

see Figure A

77
Q

nephrotomography

neh froh toh MAH gruh fee

A

sectional radiographic exam of the after IV injection of contrast medium

78
Q

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

sis toh yoor ee THRAH gruh free

A

radiographic imaging of the urinary bladder and urethra done with a contrast medium while patient is urinating

the image made by this procedure is a voiding cystourethrogram

79
Q

cystoscopy

A

visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope

80
Q

catheter

A

hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into a vessel, organ or cavity of the body to withdraw or instill fluid, monitor types of various information, and visualize a vessel or cavity

can be inserted through the urethra into the bladder to drain urine

81
Q

cytoscope

A

instrument for visual examination of the inside of the bladder

82
Q

laparoscope

LAP ur oh skohp

A

type of endoscope consisting of an illuminated tube with an optical system, inserted through the abdominal wall for examining the peritoneal cavity

83
Q

lithotrite

LITH oh tryte

A

instrument used to crush a calculus in the urinary bladder; fragments may then be expelled or washed out

84
Q

nephroscope

A

fiberoptic instrument used specifically for the disintegration and removal of renal calculi

an ultrasonic probe emitting high-frequency sound waves breaks up the calculi, which are removed by suction through the scope

85
Q

stent

A

tubular device for supporting hollow structures during surgical anastomosis or for holding arteries open after angioplasty

86
Q

urinometer

A

types of hydrometer used to measure the specific gravity (DG) of a urine sample AKA urometer

87
Q

ileal conduit

A

channel, pipe, or tube that guides urine from the ureters to the ileum in the digestive system to be excreted through the large intestine, when the bladder is no longer available for storing the urine and releasing it through the urethra

AKA ureteroileostomy

88
Q

lithotripsy

A

process of crushing stones either to prevent or clear an obstruction in the urinary system crushing may be manual, by high-energy shock waves, or by pulsed dye laser

In each case, the fragments may be expelled naturally or washed out

89
Q

nephrectomy

A

resection of the kidney

90
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

incision of the kidney for removal of a kidney stone

91
Q

nephropexy

A

suspension or fixation of the kidney

92
Q

nephrostomy

A

opening made in the kidney so that catheter can be inserted

93
Q

nephrotomy

A

incision of the kidney

94
Q

transurethral procedure

A

any procedure conducted through the urethra

95
Q

urethrolysis

A

destruction of the adhesions of the urethra

96
Q

vesicotomy

vess ih KAH tuh mee

A

incision of the urinary bladder

97
Q

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

pair eh tuh NEE ul

A

type of renal dialysis in which an indwelling catheter in the abdomen permits fluid to drain into and out of the peritoneal cavity to cleanse the blood

98
Q

hemodialysis (HD)

A

removal of certain elements (impurities or wastes) from the blood, performed by diffusion of the blood through a semipermeable membrane

type of renal dialysis that cleanses the blood by shunting it from the body through a machine for diffusion and ultrafiltration, and then returning it to the patient’s circulation

99
Q

renal dialysis

A

process of diffusing blood across a semipermeable membrane to remove substances that a healthy kidney would eliminate, including poisons, drugs, urea, uric acid, and creatinine

100
Q

renal transplant

A

surgical transfer of a complete kidney from a donor to a recipient

101
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

102
Q

ARF

A

acute renal failure

103
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

this test determines how much urea and nitrogen have accumulated in the blood (uremia) to determine the severity of a pt’s renal failure

104
Q

CAPD

A

continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

105
Q

CRF

A

chronic renal failure

106
Q

Cl

A

chloride

107
Q

cysto

A

cystoscopy

108
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus

109
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

110
Q

ESRD

A

end-stage renal disease

111
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

112
Q

HD

A

hemodialysis

113
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

114
Q

IVU

A

intravenous urography

115
Q

K

A

potassium

116
Q

KUB

A

kidney, ureter, and bladder

117
Q

L

A

liter

118
Q

SG

A

specific gravity

measures the ability of the kidneys to regulate the concentration of urine

119
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

120
Q

VCUG

A

voiding cystourethrography

121
Q

micturition

MIC tyur ition

A

act of releasing urine

AKA urination, voiding

122
Q

urea

A

nitrogenous waste product formed in the liver and carried in the bloodstream to the kidneys for transformation into urine

123
Q

nephron

A

microscopic, functional unit of the kidney

124
Q

renal pelvis

A

cavity inside the kidney where urine is drained from the collecting tubules before entering the ureter

125
Q

renal corpuscle

A

located at the entrance of the nephron; contains the glomerulus and its surrounding Bowman’s capsule

126
Q

stromal tissue

A

supportive tissue

127
Q

-cele

A

herniation

128
Q

olig/o

A

scanty, few

129
Q

tens/o

A

stretching

130
Q

azot/o

A

nitrogen

131
Q

papill/o

A

nipple

132
Q

intravenous pyelography (IVP)

A

a contrast medium is introduced into the urine so that the completed pyelogram will show the contrast material filling the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

133
Q

creatinine clearance test

cree AT tuh nin

A

test of kidney function that compares the rate at which nitrogenous waste is removed from the blood by comparing its concentration in the blood and urine over a 24-hr period

134
Q

nephrostolithotomy

neh frost toh lith AH tuh mee

A

stone extraction through an artificial opening (nephrostomy)

135
Q

nephropexy

A

surgical fixation of a floating or mobile kidney

136
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

use of shock waves to crush stones in the urinary system

137
Q

-trite

A

instrument to crush stones

138
Q

stom/o

A

opening

139
Q

tom/o

A

section

140
Q

-pexy

A

fixation, suspension

141
Q

PKU

A

phenylketonuria

142
Q

parenchymal tissue

A

functional parts of an organ

e.g., kidney

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions