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Medical Terminology > 13. Mental and Behavioral Health > Flashcards

13. Mental and Behavioral Health Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

thym/o, psych/o

A

mind

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2
Q

iatr/o

A

treatment

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3
Q

akathisia

A

inability to remain calm, still, and free of anxiety

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4
Q

anhedonia

A

absence of the ability to experience either pleasure or joy, even in the face of causative events

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5
Q

catatonia

A

paralysis or immobility from psychological or emotional rather than physical causes

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6
Q

confabulation

A

effort to conceal a gap in memory by fabricating detailed, often believable stories

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7
Q

defense mechanism

A

unconscious mechanism for psychological coping, adjustment, or self-preservation in the face of stress or a threat

ex: denial of an unpleasant situation/condition and projection of intolerable aspects onto another individual

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8
Q

delirium

A

condition of confused, unfocused, irrational agitation

in mental disorders, agitation and confusion may also be accompanied by a more intense disorientation, incoherence, or fear, and illusions, hallucinations, and delusions

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9
Q

delusion

A

persistent belief in a demonstrable untruth or a provable inaccurate perception despite clear evidence to the contrary

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10
Q

dementia

A

mental disorder in which the individual experiences a progressive loss of memory, personality alterations, confusion, loss of touch with relaity, and stupor (seeming unawareness of, and disconnection with, one’s surroundings)

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11
Q

echolalia

A

repitition of words or phrases spoken by others

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12
Q

hallucination

A

any unreal sensory perception that occurs with no external cause

may be visual or auditory

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13
Q

illusion

A

inaccurate sensory perception based on a real stimulus

ex: mirages or interpreting music/wind as voices

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14
Q

libido

A

normal psychological impulse drive associated with sensuality, expressions of desire, or creativity

abnormality only occurs when such drives are excessively heightened or depressed

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15
Q

psychosis

A

disassociation with or impaired perception of reality

may be accompanied by hallucinations, delusions, incoherence, akathisia, and/or disorganized behavior

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16
Q

somnambulism

A

sleepwalking

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17
Q

anxiety

A

anticipation of impending danger and dread accompanied by restlessness, tension, tachycardia, and breathing difficulty not associated with any apparent stimulus

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18
Q

dysphoria

A

generalized negative mood characterized by depression

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19
Q

euphoria

A

exaggerated sense of physical and emotional well-being not based on reality, disproportionate to the cause, or inappropriate to the situation

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20
Q

euthymia

A

normal range of moods and emotions

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21
Q

Asperger disorder

A

disorder characterized by impairment of social interaction and repetitive patterns of inappropriate behavior

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22
Q

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

A

series of syndromes that includes impulsiveness, inability to concentrate, and short attention span

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23
Q

autism

A

a continuum of abnormal development of social interaction, impaired communication, and repetitive behaviors.

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24
Q

conduct disorder

A

any of a number of disorders characterized by patterns of persistent aggressive and defiant behaviors

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), an example of a conduct disorder, is characterized by hostile, disobedient behavior

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25
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD),

A

an example of a conduct disorder

characterized by hostile, disobedient behavior

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26
Q

mental retardation (MR)

A

condition of subaverage intellectual ability, with impairments in social and educational functioning

the “intelligence quotient” (IQ) is a measure of an individual’s intellectual functioning compared with the general population

  • Mild: IQ range of 50-69; learning difficulties result
  • Moderate: IQ range of 35-49; support needed to function in society
  • Severe: IQ range of 20-34; continuous need of support to live in society
  • Profound: IQ <20; severe self-care limitations
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27
Q

Rett disorder

A

condition characterized by initial normal functioning followed by loss of social and intellectual functioning

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28
Q

Tourette syndrome

A

group of involuntary behaviors that includes the vocalization of words or sounds (sometimes obscene) and repetitive movements

vocal and multiple tic disorder

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29
Q

acute intoxication

A

episode of behavioral disturbance following ingestion of alcohol or psychotropic drugs

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30
Q

delirium tremens (DT)

A

acute and sometimes fatal delirium induced by the cessation of ingesting excessive amounts of alcohol over a long period of time

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31
Q

dependence syndrome

A

difficulty controlling use of a substance

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32
Q

harmful use

A

difficulty in controlling use of a drug

causes damage to one’s health

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33
Q

tolerance

A

state in which the body becomes accustomed to the substances ingested

the user requires greater amounts to create the desired effect

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34
Q

withdrawal state

A

group of symptoms that occurs during the cessation of the use of a regularly taken drug

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35
Q

schizophrenia

A

any of a large group of psychotic disorders characterized by mood disturbances, language and communication disturbances, distorted sense of self and relationship to the external world, disorganized and fragmented thinking, and gross distortion of reality, including hallucinations, delusions, and loosening of associations

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36
Q

catatonic schizophrenia

A

involves symptoms that alternate b/w extremes such as kyperkinesis and stupor

may be accompanied by a dream-like state and hallucinations

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37
Q

disorganized schizophrenia

A

involves prominent affective changes; feleting, fragmentary delusions, and hallucinations; and irresponsible and unpredictable behavior involving shallow, inappropriate mood, flighty thoughts, social isolation, and incoherent speech

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38
Q

paranoid schizophrenia

A

characterized by relatively stable, paranoid delusions, often involving auditory hallucinations and perceptual disturbances in affect (emotional range), volition (will), and speech

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39
Q

shizotypal disorder

A

exhibit none of the effects of the other schizophrenic anomalies but may exhibit anhedonia, eccentric behavior, cold affect, and social isolation

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40
Q

bipolar disorder

A

disorder characterized by swings b/w an elevation of mood, increased energy and activity (hypomania and mania), and a lowering of mood and decreased energy and activity (depression)

formerly termed manic depression

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41
Q

cyclothymia

A

disorder characterized by recurring episodes of mild elation and depression that are not severe enough to warrant a diagnosis of bipolar disorder

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42
Q

depressive disorder

A

depression typically characterized by its degree (minimal, moderate, or severe) or number of occurrences (single, recurrent, or persistent)

patient exhibits dysphoria, reduction of energy, and decrease in activity

symptoms include anhedonia, fatigue, parasomnias, diminished appetite, and loss of self-esteem

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43
Q

dysthymia

A

mild, chronic depression of mood that lasts for years but is not severe enough to justify a diagnosis of depression

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44
Q

hypomania

A

disorder characterized by an inappropriate elevation of mood that may include positive and negative aspects

patient may report increased feelings of well-being, energy, and activity, but may also report irritability and conceit

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45
Q

persistent mood disorders

A

group of long-term, cyclic mood disorders in which the majority of the individual episodes are not sufficiently severe to warrant being described as hypomanic or mild depressive episodes

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46
Q

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

A

weather-induced depression resulting from decreased exposure to sunlight in autumn and winter

47
Q

acrophobia

A

condition of fear of heights

48
Q

agoraphobia

A

condition of fear of leaving home and entering crowded places

49
Q

anthropophobia

A

condition of fear of scrutiny by other people

AKA social phobia

50
Q

claustrophobia

A

condition of fear of enclosed spaces

51
Q

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

one of the most common diagnoses assigned, but not specific to any particular situation or circumstance

symptoms may include persistent nervousness, trembling, muscular tensions, sweating, lightheadedness, palpitations, dizziness, and epigastric discomfort

52
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

characterized by recurrent, distressing, and unavoidable preoccupations or irresistible drives to perform specific rituals that the patient feels will prevent some harmful effect

53
Q

panic disorder (PD)

A

recurrent, unpredictable attacks of severe anxiety (panic) that is not restricted to any particular situation

symptoms incude vertigo, chest pain, and palpitations

54
Q

zoophobia

zoh oh foh bee ah

A

condition of fear of animals

55
Q

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

extended emotional response to a traumatic event

symptoms include flashbacks, recurring nightmares, anhedonia, insomnia, hypervigilance, anxiety, depression, suicidal thoughts, and emotional blunting

56
Q

adjustment disorder

A

disorder that tends to manifest during periods of stressful life changes (e.g., death, divorce, relocation, job loss)

symptoms include anxiety, impaired coping mechanisms, social dysfunction, and a reduced ability to perform normal daily activities

57
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

maladaptive coping with severe stress by developing one or more separate personalities

58
Q

dissociative disorder

A

a less severe form of dissociative identity disorder that results in identity confusion accompanied by amnesia, a dreamlike state, and somnambulism

59
Q

somatoform disorder

A

any disorder that has unfounded physical complaints by the patient, despite medical assurance that no physiologic problem exists

ex: hypochondriacal disorder, the preoccupation with the possibility of having one or more serious and progressive physical disorders

60
Q

kleptomania

A

uncontrollable impulse to steal

61
Q

pyromania

A

uncontrollable impulse to set fires

62
Q

trichtillomania

A

uncontrollable impulse to pull one’s hair out by the roots

63
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

prolonged refusal to eat adequate amounts of food and an altered perception of what constitutes a normal minimum body weight caused by an intense fear of becoming obese

primarily affects adolescent females

emaciation and amenhorrhea result

64
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

eating disorder in which the individual eats large quantities of food and then purges the body through self-induced vomiting or inappropriate use of laxatives

65
Q

dyssomnia

A

difficulty with the sleep-wake cycle

ex: insomnia, hypersomnia

66
Q

parasomnia

A

abnormal activation of physiologic functions during the sleep cycle

ex: sleep terrors in which repeated episodes of sudden awakening are accompanied by intense anxiety, agitation, and amnesia

67
Q

hypoactive sexual disorder

A

indifference or unresponsiveness to sexual stimuli

inability to achieve orgasm during intercourse

formerly called frigidity

68
Q

nymphomania

A

relentless drive to achieve sexual orgasm in the female

69
Q

satyriasis

sat tih RYE ah sis

A

relentless drive to achieve sexual orgasm in the male

70
Q

premature ejaculation

A

involuntary, anxiety-induced ejaculation of semen during sexual activity

71
Q

sexual anhedonia

A

inability to enjoy sexual pleasure

72
Q

exhibitionism

A

condition in which the patient derives sexual arousal from the exposure of his or her genitals to strangers

73
Q

fetishism

A

reliance on an object as a stimulus for sexual arousal and pleasure

74
Q

pedophilia

A

sexual preference, either in fantasy or actuality, for children as a means of achieving sexual excitement and gratification

75
Q

sadomasochism

A

preference for sexual activity that involves inflicting or receiving pain and/or humiliation

76
Q

voyeurism

A

condition in which an individual derives sexual pleasure and gratification from surreptitiously looking at individuals engaged in intimate behavior

77
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

disorder characterized by impulsive, unpredictable mood and self-image, resulting in unstable interpersonal relationships and a tendency to see and respond to others as unwaveringly good or evil

78
Q

dissocial personality disorder

A

disorder in which the patient shows a complete lack of interest in social obligations, to the extreme of showing antipathy for other individuals

patients frustrate easily, are quick to display aggression, show a tendency to blame others, and do not change their behavior even after punishment

79
Q

paranoid personality disorder

A

state in which the individual exhibits inappropriately suspicious thinking, self-importance, a lack of ability to forgive perceived insults, and an extreme sense of personal rights

80
Q

schizoid personality disorder

skit zoyd

A

condition in which the patient withdraws into a fantasy world, with little need for social interaction

most patients have a limited capacity to experience pleasure or to express their feelings

81
Q

paraphilia

A

condition of abnormal attraction

82
Q

kathis/o

A

sitting

83
Q

cata-

A

down

84
Q

orex/o

A

appetite

85
Q

ton/o

A

tension

86
Q

claustr/o

A

a closing

87
Q

nymph/o

A

woman

88
Q

phor/o

A

to carry, to bear

89
Q

-mania

A

condition of madness

90
Q

pol/o

A

pole

91
Q

man/o

A

madness

92
Q

-lalia

A

condition of babbling

93
Q

mental status examination

A

a diagnostic procedure to determine a patient’s current mental state

94
Q

Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF)

A

assesses a patient’s overall function

results in a numerical score

95
Q

Bender Gestalt test

A

measures visuomotor and spatial capabilities

96
Q

Draw-a-Person (DAP) test

A

analyzes the patient’s drawings of male and female individuals

97
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

A

assesses personality characteristics through a battery of forced-choice questions

98
Q

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A

analyzes stories patients are asked to make up about the pictures they are shown

provides information about needs, fantasies, and interpersonal relationships

99
Q

Rorschach inkblots

A

used to determine the patient’s ability to integrate intellectual and emotional factors in his or her perception of the environment

100
Q

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

A

used to measure verbal IQ, performance IQ, and full-scale IQ

101
Q

PET scan

A

an imaging procedure used to examine and map the metabolic activity of the brain

102
Q

behavioral therapy

A

therapeutic attempt to alter an undesired behavior by substituting a new response or set of responses to a given stimulus

103
Q

cognitive therapy

A

wide variety of treatment techniques that attempt to help the individual alter inaccurate or unhealthy perceptions and patterns of thinking

104
Q

psychoanalysis

A

behavioral treatment developed initially by Sigmund Freud to analyze and treat any dysfunctional effects of unconscious factors on a patient’s mental state

uses techniques that include analysis of defense mechanisms and dream interpretation

105
Q

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)

A

prevent the presynaptic neuron from taking serotonin back up, thereby increasing the amount of serotonin available in the synapse

106
Q

detoxification

A

removal of a chemical substance (drug or alcohol) as an initial step in treatment of a chemically dependent individual

107
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

method of inducing convulsions to treat affective disorders in patients who have been resistant or unresponsive to drug therapy

108
Q

light therapy

A

exposure of the body to light waves to treat patients with depression due to seasonal fluctuations

109
Q

O x 1

A

oriented to time

110
Q

O x 2

A

orientation to time and place

111
Q

O x 3

A

oriented to time, place, and person

112
Q

O x 4

A

oriented to time, place, person, and objects

113
Q
A
114
Q

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV)

A

Revised every 10 years

  • Axis I: Clinical Disorders
  • Axis II: Personality Disorders and/or Mental Retardation
  • Axis III: General Medical Conditions
  • Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems
  • Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF)

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

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