Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > 11. Respiratory System > Flashcards

11. Respiratory System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pneum/o

A

air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

spir/o

A

breathe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

bronch/o, bronchi/o

A

bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

steth/o, thorac/o

A

chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

diaphragm/o, diaphragmat/o, phren/o

A

diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

salping/o

A

eustachian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pulmon/o, pneum/o, pneumon/o

A

lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mediastinum

A

mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

or/o, stom/o, stomat/o

A

mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

naso, rhin/o

A

nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ox/i

A

oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cost/o

A

rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

sin/o, sinus/o

A

sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

trache/o

A

trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

phon/o

A

voice, sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

inspiration

A

lungs expand

diaphragm contracts downward, increasing volume of thoracic cavity

pressure within thorax falls below that of external environment and air flow from atmosphere into the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

expiration

A

lungs recoil

diaphragm relaxes back upwards, causing a reduction in the volume of the thoracic cavity and increasing the pressure within it - forcing air out of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

nares

NAIR ees

sing., naris

A

nostrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

nasal septum

A

partition separating the nares, composed of cartilage and bone covered with mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

any of the air cavities in bones surrounding the nose that warm and filter the air and help in the production of sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

pharynx

A

throat

extends from base of the skull to the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

nasopharynx

A

uppermost of the three regions of the pharynx

located behind the nasal cavity and extending from the posterior nostrils to the soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

eustachian tubes

A

mucous membrane-lined tube joining the nasopharynx and the middle ear cavity

connects nasopharynx with ears to equalize pressure b/w the ears and the throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

adenoids

A

pharyngeal tonsils

lymphatic tissue located in the nasopharynx to protect against pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

palatine tonsils

pall uh tyne

A

one of two almond-shaped masses of lymphoid tissue located b/w in the oropharynx

composed of numerous lymph follicles and crypts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

oropharynx

A

one of three divisions of the pharynx containing the palatine and lingual tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

laryngopharynx

A

one of three regions of the throat

extending from the hyoid bone to the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

larynx

A

voice box, where the vocal cords vibrate to produce speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

epiglottis

A

flap of cartilage at the opening of the larynx

closes access to the trachea when food is being swallowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

trachea

A

windpipe, lies within the space b/w the lungs

cartilaginous, membranous tube extending from larynx and branching into the bilateral main bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

carina

A

lower end of the trachea where it bifurcates into the right and left bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

bronchi

A

bronchial tubes

any of the larger air passages of the lungs thorugh which inhaled and exhaled air passes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

bronchioles

A

small airway of the respiratory system that extends from the bronchi into the lobes of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

alveoli

A

millions of small air sacs through which gas exchange takes place b/w pulmonary capillary blood and alveolar air

each alveolus is coated with a surfactant that keeps it from collapsing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

lobes

A

right lung has 3

left lung only has 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

diaphragm

A

dome-shaped musculofibrous partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

mediastinum

media STY num

A

central portion of the chest cavity, the space between the lungs that contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchial tubes, major blood vessels, and other organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

pleura

A

serous membrane enveloping the lung and lining the thoracic cavity

made up of a single layer of flattened mesothelial cells on a membrane of connective tissue, and moistened with a serous secretion that facilitates lung movements in the chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

visceral pleura

A

the side of the membrane that coats the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

parietal pleura

A

side of the membrane that lines the inner surface of the rib cage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

eupnea

A

good, normal breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

dyspnea

DISP nea

A

abnormal, difficult, or uncomfortable breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

tachypnea

tack ip NEE uh

A

rapid, shallow breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

bradypnea

brad ip NEE uh

A

abnormally slow breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

orthopnea

A

breathing that is difficult unless in an upright position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

apnea

A

abnormal, periodic cessation of breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

A

sleep disorder characterized by periods in which the person makes no attempt to breathe, resulting from a physical obstruction in the upper airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

cough

A

sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

deep, rapid breathing followed by a period of apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

cyanosis

A

blue, gray, or purple discoloration of skin and mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

clubbing

A

abnormal enlargement of the distal phalanges as a result of diminished O2 in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

hypoxemia

A

deficiency of oxygen in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

hypoxia

A

deficiency of oxygen in the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

hypercapnia

A

condition of excessive CO2 in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

aphonia

ah FOH nee ah

A

loss of ability to produce sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

dysphonia

A

impairment of speaking, hoarseness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

epistaxis

ep ih STACK sis

A

nosebleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

fatigue

A

overhwelming sense of exhaustion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

hemoptysis

hee MOP tih sis

A

coughing up blood or blood-stained sputum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

hyperventilation

A

abnormally increased breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

pleurodynia

ploor oh DIN ee ah

A

pain in the chest caused by inflammation of the intercostal muscles and their points of attachment of the diaphragm to the chest thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

precordial pain

A

chest pain over the heart and lower thorax

73
Q

rhinorrhea

rye noh REE ah

A

discharge from the nose

74
Q

shortness of breath (SOB)

A

breathlessness

inability to fill the lungs adequately

75
Q

sputum

A

mucus coughed up from the lungs and expectorated through the mouth

if abnormal, may be described as to its amount, color, or odor

76
Q

thoracodynia

thor uh koh DIN ee ah

A

chest pain

77
Q

tympany, chest

TIM puh nee

A

bell-like, low-pitched, resonant sound from the chest

78
Q

friction sounds

A

sounds made by dry surfaces rubbing together

79
Q

hiccup

A

sound produced by the involuntary contraction of the diaphragm, followed by rapid closure of the glottis

AKA hiccough, singultus

80
Q

rales

A

an abnormal lung sound heard during inspiration when the alveoli are filled with secretions

characterized by discontinuous bubbling noises

AKA crackles

81
Q

rhonchi

RONG kye

A

abnormal rumbling sound heard on auscultation, caused by airways blocked by secretions or muscle contractions

82
Q

stridor

STRY dur

A

high-pitched inspiratory sound from the larynx

a sign of upper airway obstruction

83
Q

wheezing

A

whistling sound made during breathing

often associated with asthma

84
Q

asthma

A

respiratory disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal (sudden, episodic) dyspnea

symptoms include coughing, wheezing, and SOB

if attack becomes continuous (status asthmaticus), it may be fatal

85
Q

croup

CROOP

A

acute viral infection of early childhood, marked by stridor caused by spasms of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi

symptoms include labored breathing; a harsh, barking cough; and stridor

86
Q

deviated septum

A

deflection of the nasal septum that may obstruct the nasal passages, resulting in infection, sinusitis, SOB, headache, or recurring epistaxis

87
Q

epiglottitis

eh pee glah TYE tis

A

inflammation of the epiglottis

88
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the voice box

89
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of infection of the pharynx, usually causing symptoms of a sore throat

90
Q

polyps, nasal and vocal cord

A

small, tumorlike growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface, including the inside of the nose, the paranasal sinuses, and the vocal cords

91
Q

rhinitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose

92
Q

rhinomycosis

A

abnormal condition of the fungus in the nose

93
Q

rhinosalpingitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and eustachian tubes

94
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses

95
Q

upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

inflammation and/or infection of structures of the upper respiratory tract

AKA coryza (kore EYE zuh, a head cold)

96
Q

atelectasis

at ih LECK tuh sis

A

collapse of lung tissue or an entire lung

incomplete dilation of the lungs

97
Q

bronchiectasis

brong kee ECK tuh sis

A

chronic, abnormal dilation of the bronchi

typically caused by bacterial infection, which weakens the walls of the bronchi. Pus-filled (purulent) material then collects within pockets of the damaged bronchial walls

may be caused by an obstruction, below which the bronchial walls become distended

symptoms include dyspnea, expectoration of foul-smelling sputum, and coughing

98
Q

bronchiolitis

A

viral inflammation of the bronchioles

more common in children <18 mos

99
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchi

may be acute or chronic

100
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

respiratory disorder characterized by progressive and irreversible diminishment in inspiratory and expiratory capacity of the lungs

symptoms include dyspnea on exertion (DOE), difficulty inhaling or exhaling, and a chronic cough

101
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

inherited disorder of the exocrine glands resulting in abnormal, thick secretions of mucus that cause COPD

102
Q

emphysema

A

abnormal condition of the pulmonary system in which alveoli are distended and destroyed after exposure to tobacco smoke or environmental toxins

most common cause is tobacco smoking, but exposure to environmental particulate matter may also cause the disease

Fig A

103
Q

flail chest

A

condition in which multiple rib fractures cause instability in part of the chest wall

the lung under the injured area contracts on inspiration and bulges out on expiration

104
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in the pleural cavity, which causes the lung to collapse

Fig A

105
Q

influenza

A

acute infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by a virus

AKA flu

avian flu is caused by type A influenza virus

106
Q

pleural effusion

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intrapleural space

Fig C

107
Q

pleurisy

PLOOR ih see

A

inflammation of the parietal pleura of the lungs

may be caused by cancer, pneumonia, or TB

108
Q

pneumoconiosis

noo moh koh nee OH sis

A

loss of lung capacity caused by an accumulation of dust in the lungs

types may include:

  1. asbestosis - abnormal condition of asbestos in the lungs
  2. silicosis - abnormal accumulation of glass dust in the lungs
  3. anthracosis - abnormal accumulation of coal dust in the lungs (AKA black lung disease, coal workers’ pneumoconiosis [CWP]) - Fig B
109
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation of the lungs caused by a variety of pathogens

if infectious, pneumonia

if noninfectious, pneumonitis

the names of the lobes are used to describe the extent of the disease (e.g., RML pneumonia is pneumonia of the right middle lobe). if both lungs are affected, termed double pneumonia

110
Q

pneumothorax

A

air or gas in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse

Fig B

111
Q

pulmonary abscess

A

localized accumulation of pus in the lug

112
Q

pulmonary edema

A

accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue

often present in congestive heart failures, it is caused by the inability of the heart to pump blood

113
Q

pyothorax

A

pus in the pleural cavity

AKA empyema (em pah ee ma)

114
Q

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

sin SISH uhl

A

acute respiratory disorder usually occurring in the lower respiratory tract in children and upper respiratory tract in adults

most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and highly contagious in young children

115
Q

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

A

viral respiratory disorder caused by a coronavirus

usually results in pneumonia

116
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

chronic infectious disorder caused by an acid-fast bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis

transmission is normally by inhalation or ingection of infected droplets

multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is fatal in 80% of cases

117
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

repiratory disorder in which there are inflammatory changes to and narrowing of the bronchi, causing airflow limitation

distinguished by excessive production of mucus and a recurrent cough

onset is slow, progressive, and continuous

associated with cigarette smoking, infection, and inhaled irritants

treatment involves avoidance of irritants and use of expectorants and bronchodilators to help decrease the inflammation and any further production of mucus. If not initiated early, then disease progresses much more rapidly

118
Q

expectorants

A

agents that help expel mucus

119
Q

mucous gland adenoma

A

a benign tumor of the mucous glands of the respiratory system

120
Q

papilloma

A

a benign tumor of epithelial origin named for its nipplelike appearance

121
Q

pulmonary hamartoma

A

a benign tumor of limited abnormal tissue formed in the respiratory tract

AKA chondroadenoma

122
Q

non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC)

A

most prevalent type of lung cancer

123
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

a type of NSCLC derived from the mucus-secreting glands in the lungs

124
Q

large cell carcinoma

A

a type of NSCLC originating in smaller bronchial lining

125
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

a type of NSCLC originating in the larger bronchial squamous epithelium

126
Q

mesothelioma

A

a rare malignancy of the pleura or other protective tissues that cover the internal organs of the body

often caused by exposure to asbestos

127
Q

small cell carcinoma (SCLC)

A

2nd most common type of lung cancer

usually associated with smoking

AKA oat cell carcinoma

128
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation

129
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting

130
Q

tel/o

A

complete

131
Q

hamart/o

A

defect

132
Q

coni/o

A

dust

133
Q

-drome

A

to run

134
Q

auscultation

aw skull TAY shun

A

the process of listening to sounds within the body

135
Q

percussion

A

the process of tapping the body for diagnostic purposes

136
Q

stethoscope

A

a commonly used instrument to listen to sounds within the body, especially the chest

137
Q

chest x-ray (CXR)

A

one of the most common imaging techniques for the respiratory system

used to visualize abnormalities of the respiratory system

138
Q

lung perfusion scan

A

nuclear medicine test that produces an image of blood flow to the lungs

used to detect pulmonary embolism

139
Q

lung ventilation scan

A

test using radiopharmaceuticals to produce a picture of how air is distributed in the lungs

measures the ability of the lungs to take in air

140
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

computerized imaging that uses radiofrequency pulses to detect lung tumors, embolisms, and chest trauma

141
Q

pulmonary angiography

A

imaging of the lungs with a dye injected into the blood vessels of the lung, followed by subsequent x-ray imaging to demonstrate the flow of blood through these vessels

142
Q

bronchoscopy

A

endoscopic procedure use dto examine the bronchial tubes visually

143
Q

laryngoscopy

A

endoscopic procedure used to visualize the interior of the larynx

144
Q

mediastinoscopy

A

endoscopic procedure used for visual examination of the structures contained within the space b/w the lungs

145
Q

arterial blood gases (ABG)

A

blood test that measures the amount of O2 and CO2 in the blood

146
Q

Mantoux skin test

mon TOO

A

intradermal injection of purified protein derivative (PPD) used to detect the presence of tuberculosis antibodies

147
Q

sputum culture

A

cultivation of microorganisms from sputum that has been collected form expectoration

148
Q

sweat test

A

method of evaluating sodium and chloride concentration in sweat as a means of diagnosing cystic fibrosis

149
Q

throat culture

A

cultivation of microorganisms from a throat swab to determine the type of organism causing a disorder

150
Q

pulmonary function tests (PFT)

A

procedures for determining the capacity of the lungs to exchange O2 and CO2 efficiently

151
Q

peak flow meter

A

instrument used in a pulmonary function test (PFT) to measure breathing capacity

152
Q

pulse oximetry

ock SIM uh tree

A

test to measure oxygen in arterial blood, in which a noninvasive, cliplike device is attached to either earlobe or the fingertip

153
Q

spirometry

spy ROM uh tree

A

test to measure the air capacity of the lungs with a spirometer (spy ROM ih tur)

154
Q

ventilator

A

a machine that assists a patient with respiration

positive pressure breathing (PPB) is the delivery of air at greater than atmospheric pressure to the lungs using a ventilator

155
Q

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

ventilation therapy that keeps airways open by providing air at greater than normal atmospheric pressure

may be accomplished through a cannula or a facial mask

156
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to ensure a patent (open) airway

157
Q

bronchoplasty

A

surgical repair of a bronchial defect

158
Q

rhinoplasty

A

surgical repair of the nose for either health care or cosmetic reasons

159
Q

septoplasty

A

surgical repair of the wall between the nares

160
Q

sinusotomy

A

incision of a sinus

161
Q

thoracocentesis

thor ah koh sen TEE sis

A

aspiration of a fluid from the pleural space

AKA pleruocentesis, thoracentesis

162
Q

tracheostomy

A

opening through the neck into the trachea, through which an indwelling tube may be inserted either temporarily or permanently

163
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision made into the trachea below the larynx to gain access to the airway

usually as an emergency procedure

164
Q

cannula

CAN yoo luh

A

a flexible tube for insertion into a duct, cavity, or vessel to drain fluid or deliver medication

165
Q

adenoidectomy

A

excision of the pharyngeal tonsils, or adenoids

166
Q

laryngectomy

A

excision of the voice box

167
Q

pulmonary resection

A

excision of a portion or a lobe of the lung or the entire lung

lobectomy = when an entire lobe is excised

pneumonectomy = when the entire lung is excised

168
Q

tonsillectomy

A

excision of the palatine tonsils

169
Q

pneumonectomy

A

the excision of an entire lung

170
Q

lobectomy

A

excision of an entire lobe

171
Q

CWP

A

coal workers’ pneumoconiosis

172
Q

LLL

A

left lower lobe

173
Q

LUL

A

left upper lobe

174
Q

MDR TB

A

multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

175
Q

PPB

A

positive pressure breathing

delivery of air at greater than atmospheric pressure to the lungs using a ventilator

176
Q

PPD

A

purified protein derivative

177
Q

RLL

A

right lower lobe

178
Q

RML

A

right middle lobe

179
Q

RUL

A

right upper lobe

Medical Terminology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions