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Portage Microbiology > 6.5 Viruses in Microbiology II Part 2 > Flashcards

6.5 Viruses in Microbiology II Part 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are coronaviruses named for??

A

crown-like shaped spike proteins that are produced on the virion envelope

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2
Q

What are the second leading virus responsible for the common cold?

A

coronavirus

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3
Q

What are the first leading virus responsible for the common cold?

A

rhinovirus

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4
Q

How many major outbreaks of coronaviruses have there been?

A

three (SARS, MERS, and COVID)

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5
Q

What is the family that coronaviruses belong to?

A

coronavirdae

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6
Q

How are coronaviruses transmitted?

A

respiratory droplets

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7
Q

What did each outbreak of a coronavirus trigger?

A

quarantine
travel restrictions
mask wearing

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8
Q

Who had poorer prognosis when it comes to coronaviruses?

A

those with chronic diseases, heart disease, diabetes, asthma, or obesity

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9
Q

What are some long-term complications from COVID?

A

inflammation of heart disease, abnormal lung function, kidney injury, rash and hair loss

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10
Q

What type of vaccine was granted authorization for use during the COVID epidemic?

A

an mRNA vaccine

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11
Q

How does the mRNA vaccine for COVID work?

A

delivers mRNA encoding for part of the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein

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12
Q

What is a recombinant vector vaccine?

A

double stranded DNA of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is delivered in a live viral vector which causes the body to make a spike protein antigen

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13
Q

What is HIV?

A

human immunodeficiency virus

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14
Q

What family does HIV belong to?

A

retroviridae

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15
Q

What is the general description of HIV virus?

A

linear, single stranded, enveloped RNA virus

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16
Q

What is notable about the HIV virus?

A

contains two copies of the single stranded RNA that is surrounded by a conical capsid

17
Q

What are the two key glycoproteins found in the envelope of HIV?

A

gp120 and gp41

18
Q

What are the purposes of gp120 and gp41?

A

gp120 proteins binds to host protein receptor CD4 which allows gp41 to bind to the host chemokine receptors

19
Q

What is uncoating?

A

when the capsid is degraded

20
Q

What happens once the HIV genome is inserted into a host cell?

A

HIV protein reverse transcriptase acts on the two copies of RNA generating a complementary DNA strand

Portage Microbiology (53 decks)

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